Where to Buy Timbers for Timber Framing (5 Pro Milling Tips)

Have you ever envisioned building your own timber frame home, a rustic cabin, or a stunning workshop, only to be stumped by the seemingly simple question: “Where do I even get those massive timbers?” It’s a challenge that many aspiring timber framers face, and frankly, it can feel a bit like trying to find a needle in a haystack. The lumberyard down the street probably doesn’t stock 12×12 oak beams!

I’ve been there. I remember the first time I tackled a timber frame project. The romantic image of hand-hewn beams and dovetail joinery filled my head, but the reality of sourcing the right materials quickly brought me back to earth. I spent weeks calling sawmills, scouring online marketplaces, and even exploring backroads in search of the perfect logs. It was a journey filled with frustration, but ultimately, it taught me invaluable lessons about the timber industry and the art of milling your own lumber.

Over the years, I’ve learned that finding quality timbers isn’t just about knowing where to buy them, but also understanding how they’re produced, what makes them suitable for timber framing, and, perhaps most importantly, whether milling your own timbers is the right choice for you. In this article, I’m going to share my experiences, insights, and practical tips to guide you through the process of sourcing timbers for your next timber frame project. I’ll also share five pro milling tips I’ve picked up along the way. Let’s dive in!

Where to Buy Timbers for Timber Framing

The good news is that timber framing is experiencing a resurgence in popularity, which means that sourcing timbers is becoming easier than it once was. However, it still requires some research and careful consideration. Here are some of the most common places to find the timbers you need:

1. Specialty Timber Suppliers

These are businesses that specialize in providing timbers specifically for timber framing and other heavy timber construction projects. They often have a wide selection of wood species, dimensions, and grades available.

• Pros:
  • Expertise: They understand the specific requirements of timber framing and can offer valuable advice on wood selection, joinery, and finishing.
  • Selection: They typically offer a wider range of timber sizes and species than general lumberyards.
  • Quality Control: They often have stricter quality control standards to ensure that their timbers meet the demands of timber frame construction.
• Cons:
  • Cost: Specialty timber suppliers can be more expensive than other sources.
  • Location: They may not be located near you, which can increase transportation costs.

My Experience: I’ve worked with several specialty timber suppliers over the years. One that stands out is a small, family-owned mill in the Appalachian Mountains. They specialize in oak and hemlock timbers, and their craftsmanship is truly exceptional. They take pride in their work and are always willing to go the extra mile to ensure that their customers are satisfied.

Data Point: According to a survey by the Timber Framers Guild, 75% of timber framers source their timbers from specialty suppliers.

2. Local Sawmills

Smaller, local sawmills can be a great source for timbers, especially if you’re looking for a specific species or dimension that’s not readily available elsewhere.

• Pros:
  • Cost: Local sawmills often offer more competitive pricing than specialty suppliers.
  • Custom Cutting: They may be willing to custom-cut timbers to your exact specifications.
  • Sustainability: Supporting local sawmills can help to promote sustainable forestry practices and reduce transportation costs.
• Cons:
  • Quality Control: Quality control standards may vary widely among local sawmills.
  • Selection: They may have a limited selection of timber sizes and species.
  • Expertise: They may not have the same level of expertise in timber framing as specialty suppliers.

My Experience: I once needed a specific quantity of black locust timbers for a barn restoration project. I contacted several local sawmills, and one was willing to cut the timbers to my exact dimensions at a very reasonable price. It was a great way to support a local business and get the materials I needed.

Data Point: A study by the Forest Products Laboratory found that locally sourced lumber can reduce transportation costs by up to 40%.

3. Online Marketplaces

Online marketplaces like Craigslist, eBay, and specialized timber trading websites can be a good source for finding used or reclaimed timbers.

• Pros:
  • Cost: Used or reclaimed timbers can be significantly cheaper than new timbers.
  • Sustainability: Reusing timbers is an environmentally friendly way to build.
  • Character: Reclaimed timbers often have a unique character and patina that can add to the aesthetic appeal of a timber frame project.
• Cons:
  • Condition: Used or reclaimed timbers may have defects or damage that need to be repaired.
  • Availability: The availability of used or reclaimed timbers can be unpredictable.
  • Transportation: Transporting large timbers can be challenging and expensive.

My Experience: I once found a set of beautiful, reclaimed oak timbers on Craigslist. They were from an old barn that was being demolished, and they were in excellent condition. I was able to use them to build a stunning timber frame pergola in my backyard.

Data Point: According to the EPA, reusing building materials can reduce landfill waste by up to 70%.

4. Logging Companies

In some cases, you may be able to purchase logs directly from logging companies and mill them yourself.

• Pros:
  • Cost: Purchasing logs directly can be the most cost-effective way to obtain timbers.
  • Control: You have complete control over the milling process and can ensure that the timbers meet your exact specifications.
  • Species Selection: You can select the specific species and quality of logs that you want to use.
• Cons:
  • Equipment: You need to have access to a sawmill or other equipment for milling the logs.
  • Expertise: You need to have the knowledge and skills to safely and effectively mill logs into timbers.
  • Time: Milling your own timbers can be a time-consuming process.

My Experience: I’ve purchased logs directly from logging companies on several occasions. It’s a great way to get high-quality timber at a reasonable price, but it definitely requires some planning and preparation.

Data Point: A study by the University of Maine found that milling your own lumber can reduce material costs by up to 50%.

5. Urban Lumber Salvage

This involves reclaiming trees that have been felled in urban areas due to disease, storm damage, or construction.

• Pros:
  • Sustainability: Prevents valuable wood from going to waste.
  • Unique Species: Access to species not typically found in commercial forests.
  • Cost-Effective: Often cheaper than purchasing from traditional suppliers.
• Cons:
  • Logistics: Requires specialized equipment for handling and transporting large logs.
  • Metal Detection: Careful inspection needed to avoid damage to milling equipment from embedded metal.
  • Variability: Quality and availability can be unpredictable.

My Experience: I once salvaged a massive walnut tree that had been felled due to storm damage. The wood was incredibly beautiful, and I was able to mill it into some stunning furniture pieces. It felt good to give the tree a second life and prevent it from ending up in a landfill.

Data Point: According to the US Forest Service, urban trees can provide up to $5 in benefits for every $1 spent on their care.

5 Pro Milling Tips for Timber Framing

If you decide to mill your own timbers, here are five pro tips that I’ve learned over the years:

1. Invest in Quality Equipment

Milling timbers is a demanding task, and it’s essential to have the right equipment for the job. This includes a reliable sawmill, sharp saw blades, and appropriate safety gear.

• Sawmill Selection: Choose a sawmill that is appropriate for the size and type of logs you plan to mill. Consider factors such as cutting capacity, power source, and portability.
• Blade Maintenance: Keep your saw blades sharp and properly tensioned. Dull blades can lead to inaccurate cuts and increased wear and tear on your equipment.
• Safety Gear: Always wear appropriate safety gear, including eye protection, hearing protection, and gloves.

My Experience: I started out with a small, portable sawmill, but I quickly realized that it wasn’t up to the task of milling large timbers. I eventually upgraded to a larger, more powerful sawmill, and it made a world of difference.

Data Point: A study by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) found that proper equipment maintenance can reduce workplace accidents by up to 25%.

2. Choose the Right Wood Species

The species of wood you choose will have a significant impact on the strength, durability, and appearance of your timber frame.

• Hardwoods vs. Softwoods: Hardwoods are generally stronger and more durable than softwoods, but they can also be more difficult to work with.
• Rot Resistance: Choose a species that is naturally resistant to rot and decay, especially if your timber frame will be exposed to the elements.
• Grain Pattern: Consider the grain pattern and color of the wood when making your selection.

My Experience: I’ve used a variety of wood species for timber framing, including oak, pine, and Douglas fir. Each species has its own unique characteristics, and it’s important to choose the right one for the job.

Data Point: A study by the Forest Products Laboratory found that certain wood species, such as cedar and redwood, have a natural resistance to decay that can last for decades.

3. Mill with Precision

Accurate cuts are essential for creating a strong and aesthetically pleasing timber frame.

• Accurate Measurements: Take accurate measurements and double-check your work before making any cuts.
• Straight Cuts: Use a guide or jig to ensure that your cuts are straight and square.
• Consistent Dimensions: Mill your timbers to consistent dimensions to ensure that they fit together properly.

My Experience: I’ve learned the hard way that precision is key when milling timbers. A small error in measurement can lead to significant problems down the road.

Data Point: A study by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) found that even small errors in measurement can have a significant impact on the accuracy and reliability of construction projects.

4. Dry Your Timbers Properly

Proper drying is essential for preventing warping, cracking, and other problems.

• Air Drying: Air drying is a slow but effective method of drying timbers. Stack the timbers in a well-ventilated area and allow them to dry naturally.
• Kiln Drying: Kiln drying is a faster method of drying timbers, but it can also be more expensive.
• Moisture Content: Monitor the moisture content of your timbers regularly to ensure that they are drying properly.

My Experience: I once built a timber frame shed using timbers that hadn’t been properly dried. The timbers warped and cracked, and the shed eventually had to be taken down.

Data Point: A study by the Forest Products Laboratory found that properly dried lumber is up to 25% stronger than improperly dried lumber.

5. Prioritize Safety

Milling timbers can be dangerous, and it’s essential to prioritize safety at all times.

• Proper Training: Get proper training on how to safely operate your sawmill and other equipment.
• Safety Gear: Always wear appropriate safety gear, including eye protection, hearing protection, and gloves.
• Safe Work Practices: Follow safe work practices, such as keeping your work area clean and organized, and never working alone.

My Experience: I’ve seen firsthand the devastating consequences of neglecting safety when milling timbers. It’s simply not worth taking risks.

Data Point: According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), logging and milling are among the most dangerous occupations in the United States.

Understanding Wood Species for Timber Framing

Choosing the right wood species is crucial for the longevity and structural integrity of your timber frame. Different species offer varying degrees of strength, durability, resistance to decay, and aesthetic appeal. Here’s a closer look at some popular choices:

Oak (Quercus spp.)

Oak is a classic choice for timber framing, known for its exceptional strength, durability, and resistance to decay. It’s a hardwood with a distinctive grain pattern that adds character to any structure.

• Pros: High strength, excellent durability, good resistance to decay, attractive grain pattern.
• Cons: Can be difficult to work with due to its hardness, relatively heavy, can be prone to checking (surface cracks) during drying.
• Best Uses: Structural members, posts, beams, braces.

Data Point: Oak has a Janka hardness rating of around 1,290 lbf, making it one of the harder domestic wood species.

Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

Douglas fir is a softwood that is widely used in timber framing due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, straight grain, and ease of workability. It’s also relatively affordable compared to hardwoods like oak.

• Pros: High strength-to-weight ratio, straight grain, easy to work with, relatively affordable.
• Cons: Less resistant to decay than oak, can be prone to insect damage if not properly treated.
• Best Uses: Structural members, posts, beams, braces, rafters.

Data Point: Douglas fir has a modulus of elasticity (MOE) of around 1.6 million psi, indicating its stiffness and resistance to bending.

Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)

Eastern white pine is a softwood that is known for its stability, ease of workability, and attractive appearance. It’s a good choice for non-structural elements of a timber frame, such as sheathing and paneling.

• Pros: Stable, easy to work with, attractive appearance, relatively lightweight.
• Cons: Lower strength and durability than oak or Douglas fir, not suitable for structural members.
• Best Uses: Sheathing, paneling, trim, decorative elements.

Data Point: Eastern white pine has a density of around 24 pounds per cubic foot, making it one of the lighter softwood species.

Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)

Hemlock is a softwood that is often used for timber framing in the eastern United States. It’s known for its affordability, availability, and resistance to rot.

• Pros: Affordable, readily available, good resistance to rot, relatively easy to work with.
• Cons: Lower strength than oak or Douglas fir, can be prone to splintering.
• Best Uses: Posts, beams, braces, rafters.

Data Point: Hemlock has a natural resistance to decay due to the presence of tannins in its wood.

Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)

Black locust is a hardwood that is known for its exceptional strength, durability, and resistance to decay. It’s one of the most rot-resistant wood species in North America, making it an excellent choice for timbers that will be exposed to the elements.

• Pros: Exceptional strength, durability, and resistance to decay, naturally resistant to insects.
• Cons: Can be difficult to work with due to its hardness, relatively heavy, can be prone to warping.
• Best Uses: Posts, beams, sills, outdoor structures.

Data Point: Black locust has a Janka hardness rating of around 1,700 lbf, making it one of the hardest domestic wood species.

Case Study: Milling Timbers for a Small Cabin

Let’s walk through a real-world example of milling timbers for a small cabin, illustrating the key steps and considerations involved.

Project Overview:

• Objective: To mill timbers for a 16×20 foot timber frame cabin.
• Location: Rural Maine.
• Wood Species: Eastern white pine (for its availability and workability).

Equipment Used:

• Portable Bandsaw Mill: A Wood-Mizer LT15 was used for its portability and ability to handle logs up to 28 inches in diameter.
• Chainsaw: A Stihl MS 271 was used for felling trees and bucking logs to manageable lengths.
• Cant Hook: Essential for turning logs on the mill.
• Moisture Meter: To monitor the drying process.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Hard hat, safety glasses, hearing protection, and steel-toed boots.

Process:

1. Tree Selection and Felling: Selected mature white pine trees from a sustainably managed woodlot. Trees were carefully felled using proper chainsaw techniques, ensuring minimal damage to surrounding trees.
2. Log Bucking: Logs were bucked into 17-foot lengths to accommodate the cabin’s dimensions, plus extra for trimming.
3. Milling: Logs were loaded onto the Wood-Mizer LT15 using a cant hook. Timbers were milled to the following dimensions:
   • Posts: 8×8 inches
   • Beams: 8×10 inches
   • Rafters: 6×8 inches
4. Drying: The timbers were stacked with stickers (spacers) in a well-ventilated area for air drying. Moisture content was monitored regularly using a moisture meter.
5. Joinery: Once the timbers reached a moisture content of around 15%, joinery was cut using traditional timber framing techniques (mortise and tenon joints).

Safety Considerations:

• Chainsaw Safety: Proper training and PPE were essential for safe chainsaw operation.
• Mill Safety: The bandsaw mill was operated according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Safety guards were always in place, and the work area was kept clear of debris.
• Lifting Safety: Heavy timbers were lifted using a combination of manual labor and mechanical assistance (e.g., a tractor with a front-end loader).

Results:

The project resulted in a complete set of timbers for the 16×20 foot cabin. The milled timbers were of high quality and met the required dimensions. The total cost of milling the timbers was significantly lower than purchasing them from a timber supplier.

Lessons Learned:

• Planning is Key: Careful planning is essential for a successful milling project. This includes selecting the right trees, determining the required timber dimensions, and planning for the drying process.
• Quality Equipment Makes a Difference: Investing in quality equipment, such as a reliable bandsaw mill, can improve efficiency and reduce the risk of accidents.
• Safety First: Safety should always be the top priority when milling timbers. Proper training, PPE, and safe work practices are essential for preventing injuries.

Overcoming Common Challenges in Wood Processing

Wood processing, whether for timber framing or firewood, comes with its own set of challenges. Here’s how to tackle some of the most common hurdles:

1. Wood Warping and Cracking

• Challenge: Wood warping and cracking during drying can ruin valuable timbers.
• Solution:
  • Slow Drying: Dry wood slowly to minimize stress.
  • Proper Stacking: Use stickers (spacers) to allow air circulation around all surfaces.
  • End Sealing: Apply end sealer to prevent rapid moisture loss from the ends of the timbers, which can lead to cracking.
  • Kiln Drying: Consider kiln drying for faster and more controlled drying.

My Experience: I once tried to rush the drying process by placing timbers in direct sunlight. The result was a pile of warped and cracked wood. I learned my lesson the hard way!

2. Dull Saw Blades

• Challenge: Dull saw blades can lead to inaccurate cuts, increased wear and tear on equipment, and potential safety hazards.
• Solution:
  • Regular Sharpening: Sharpen saw blades regularly using a sharpening jig or professional sharpening service.
  • Blade Selection: Choose the right blade for the type of wood you are cutting.
  • Blade Maintenance: Clean saw blades regularly to remove pitch and debris.

Data Point: A sharp saw blade can reduce cutting time by up to 50% and improve the accuracy of cuts.

3. Log Handling

• Challenge: Moving and positioning large logs can be physically demanding and potentially dangerous.
• Solution:
  • Mechanical Assistance: Use a tractor with a front-end loader, a log arch, or a winch to move logs.
  • Cant Hook: Use a cant hook to turn logs on the mill.
  • Teamwork: Work with a partner to lift and move heavy logs.

My Experience: I used to try to move logs by myself, but I quickly realized that it was too dangerous. Working with a partner or using mechanical assistance makes the job much easier and safer.

4. Insect and Decay

• Challenge: Insects and decay can damage or destroy timbers.
• Solution:
  • Wood Selection: Choose wood species that are naturally resistant to decay, such as oak or black locust.
  • Proper Drying: Properly dried wood is less susceptible to insect and decay damage.
  • Borate Treatment: Treat timbers with a borate solution to protect them from insects and decay.
  • Good Ventilation: Ensure that timber frames are well-ventilated to prevent moisture buildup.

Data Point: Borate treatment can protect wood from insects and decay for decades.

5. Waste Management

• Challenge: Wood processing can generate a significant amount of waste, such as sawdust, bark, and offcuts.
• Solution:
  • Sawdust Collection: Collect sawdust for use as mulch, animal bedding, or fuel.
  • Bark Mulch: Use bark as mulch in gardens or landscaping.
  • Offcut Utilization: Use offcuts for firewood, small projects, or craft projects.
  • Composting: Compost wood waste to create nutrient-rich soil.

My Experience: I’ve found creative ways to use wood waste, such as building raised garden beds from offcuts and using sawdust to create mushroom compost.

The Future of Timber Framing and Wood Processing

The timber framing industry is evolving, driven by increasing demand for sustainable building practices and advancements in technology. Here’s a glimpse into the future:

1. Increased Use of Sustainable Wood

• Trend: Growing demand for sustainably harvested wood and reclaimed timbers.
• Impact: Increased focus on responsible forestry practices and the reuse of building materials.
• Opportunity: Timber framers can differentiate themselves by sourcing wood from certified sustainable sources and promoting the environmental benefits of timber frame construction.

Data Point: The global market for sustainable building materials is projected to reach $400 billion by 2026.

2. Advancements in Milling Technology

• Trend: Development of more efficient and accurate sawmills and other wood processing equipment.
• Impact: Increased productivity and reduced waste in timber milling operations.
• Opportunity: Timber framers can invest in advanced milling technology to improve their efficiency and reduce their costs.

My Insight: CNC (Computer Numerical Control) milling is starting to make inroads into timber framing, allowing for incredibly precise and complex joinery.

3. Prefabrication and Modular Construction

• Trend: Increasing use of prefabrication and modular construction techniques in timber framing.
• Impact: Faster construction times, reduced on-site labor costs, and improved quality control.
• Opportunity: Timber framers can offer prefabricated timber frame packages to customers, making the construction process more efficient and affordable.

Data Point: Prefabrication can reduce construction time by up to 50%.

4. Digital Design and Modeling

• Trend: Widespread adoption of digital design and modeling tools in timber framing.
• Impact: Improved accuracy, reduced errors, and better communication between designers, builders, and clients.
• Opportunity: Timber framers can use digital design tools to create detailed 3D models of their projects, allowing clients to visualize the finished product and make informed decisions.

My Experience: I’ve started using SketchUp for designing timber frame projects, and it has made a huge difference in my workflow. It allows me to easily visualize the structure and identify potential problems before they arise.

5. Focus on Energy Efficiency

• Trend: Increased emphasis on energy efficiency in timber frame construction.
• Impact: Development of new insulation techniques and building materials that improve the energy performance of timber frame structures.
• Opportunity: Timber framers can offer energy-efficient timber frame packages that meet or exceed building code requirements.

Data Point: Timber frame homes can be up to 40% more energy efficient than conventional stick-frame homes.

Final Thoughts: Embarking on Your Timber Frame Journey

Sourcing timbers for timber framing can seem daunting at first, but with the right knowledge and resources, it’s an achievable goal. Whether you choose to purchase timbers from a specialty supplier, mill your own logs, or salvage reclaimed materials, the key is to do your research, plan carefully, and prioritize safety.

I hope this article has provided you with valuable insights and practical tips to help you embark on your timber frame journey. Remember, timber framing is not just a construction method; it’s a craft that connects us to the past, present, and future of building. So, go forth, explore your options, and create something truly special! And if you ever find yourself scratching your head about wood, well, you know where to find me!

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