Stihl MS400 Chainsaw Guide (7 Pro Tips for Firewood Experts)

Let’s dive into maximizing the potential of your Stihl MS400 chainsaw for firewood preparation. What I appreciate most about the MS400 is its blend of power and relatively light weight, making it a workhorse for both felling and processing. But beyond the saw itself, knowing the right techniques and strategies is what truly separates a weekend warrior from a seasoned firewood expert. This guide will cover seven pro tips I’ve learned over years of cutting, splitting, and stacking wood, all tailored to the capabilities of the MS400. One of the most understated aspects of owning a chainsaw, especially a high-performance model like the MS400, is ease of maintenance. With proper care, this saw will last you for years, saving you money and frustration in the long run.

Stihl MS400 Chainsaw Guide: 7 Pro Tips for Firewood Experts

1. Mastering the MS400: Chain Selection and Sharpening

Why it Matters: The chain is the heart of your chainsaw’s cutting ability. A dull chain not only slows you down but also puts unnecessary strain on the engine and increases the risk of kickback.

The Pro Tip: I always recommend having at least two chains on hand, and for the MS400, I prefer a semi-chisel chain for its balance of speed and durability, especially when working with hardwoods. Full chisel chains are faster but dull more quickly, particularly if you’re cutting near the ground where dirt and grit can be present.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Chain Identification: Familiarize yourself with your chain’s specifications: pitch, gauge, and drive link count. This information is crucial for ordering replacements and selecting the correct file size. Most MS400s use a 3/8″ pitch chain, but always double-check.

2. Sharpening Tools: Invest in a good quality chainsaw sharpening kit. This should include:

   • A round file of the correct diameter for your chain (typically 5/32″ for a 3/8″ pitch chain).
   • A flat file for depth gauge adjustment.
   • A file guide to maintain the correct filing angle.
   • A depth gauge tool.

   • Sharpening Technique:

   • Secure the chainsaw bar in a vise.

   • Using the file guide, hold the round file at the correct angle (typically 30 degrees) and file each cutter from the inside out, using smooth, even strokes. Aim for 2-3 strokes per cutter.
   • Maintain a consistent angle and pressure on each cutter to ensure uniform sharpening.
   • After sharpening all the cutters on one side of the chain, rotate the saw and repeat the process on the other side.
   • Depth Gauge Adjustment: The depth gauges (or rakers) control how much the cutter bites into the wood. As you sharpen the cutters, the depth gauges become relatively higher. Use the flat file and depth gauge tool to file the depth gauges down to the correct height, typically around 0.025″ below the cutter. This is CRITICAL for efficient cutting. Too high, and the saw won’t bite; too low, and you’ll experience aggressive cutting and increased kickback risk.
   • Chain Tension: Correct chain tension is vital for safety and performance. The chain should be snug on the bar but still able to be pulled around by hand. Check and adjust chain tension frequently, especially when the chain is new.

My Experience: I once spent an entire day struggling to cut through a large oak log. I was convinced the saw was underpowered. Turns out, the chain was so dull it was practically useless. After a proper sharpening, the MS400 sliced through the oak like butter. This experience taught me the immense importance of a sharp chain.

Data and Insights: A sharp chain can increase cutting efficiency by up to 50% and reduce fuel consumption by 20%.

2. Felling Techniques Tailored for Firewood

Why it Matters: Proper felling techniques are crucial for safety and for positioning the tree for easier bucking (cutting into manageable lengths).

The Pro Tip: Always assess the tree and its surroundings before making any cuts. Look for lean, wind direction, and any obstacles that could affect the tree’s fall. Never fell a tree alone.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Planning the Fall: Determine the tree’s natural lean and the desired direction of fall. Clear any brush or debris from the base of the tree and create a clear escape path at a 45-degree angle away from the intended fall direction.

2. The Notch (or Face Cut): The notch determines the direction of the fall. It should be cut on the side of the tree facing the desired direction of fall.

   • Open Face Notch: I prefer the open face notch for larger trees. It provides a wider hinge, offering more control over the fall. The angle of the notch should be around 70-90 degrees.
   • Conventional Notch: This is the standard notch, consisting of a horizontal cut and an angled cut meeting at the horizontal cut. The angle is typically 45 degrees.
   • The Back Cut: The back cut is made on the opposite side of the tree from the notch, slightly above the horizontal cut of the notch. Leave a hinge of uncut wood to control the tree’s fall. The hinge should be about 10% of the tree’s diameter.
   • Driving Wedges (If Necessary): For larger trees or trees with a strong lean in the wrong direction, use felling wedges to help tip the tree in the desired direction. Insert the wedges into the back cut and drive them in with a hammer or axe.
   • The Fall: As the tree begins to fall, move quickly and safely along your escape path. Watch for falling branches (widowmakers).

My Experience: I once misjudged the lean of a tree and almost had it fall in the wrong direction. Fortunately, I was able to use felling wedges to correct the fall, but it was a close call. This experience reinforced the importance of careful planning and using the right tools.

Data and Insights: Properly executed felling techniques can reduce the risk of accidents by up to 80%.

3. Bucking for Efficiency: Cutting Firewood Lengths

Why it Matters: Bucking logs into consistent lengths makes splitting and stacking much easier.

The Pro Tip: Use a measuring stick or jig to ensure consistent lengths. This saves time and effort in the long run.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Determine Desired Length: The ideal firewood length depends on the size of your stove or fireplace. I generally cut my firewood to 16 inches, which fits most standard stoves.
2. Measuring and Marking: Use a measuring stick or jig to mark the log at the desired intervals. A simple jig can be made from a piece of wood with a notch cut at the desired length.

3. Cutting Techniques:

   • Cutting on the Ground: This is the simplest method but can be hard on your chain. Avoid cutting directly into the ground. Use small branches or pieces of wood to elevate the log.
   • Using a Sawbuck: A sawbuck is a simple wooden frame that holds the log at a convenient height for cutting. This is a safer and more efficient method than cutting on the ground.
   • Log Deck: A log deck is a more elaborate setup, typically used for processing large volumes of firewood. It consists of a raised platform with supports for holding the logs.
   • Safety Considerations: Always stand to the side of the log when cutting to avoid being struck by the chainsaw if it kicks back. Use proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including a helmet, eye protection, hearing protection, and chainsaw chaps.

My Experience: I used to cut firewood without measuring, resulting in a pile of logs of varying lengths. This made splitting and stacking a nightmare. Once I started using a measuring stick, the process became much more efficient and enjoyable.

Data and Insights: Consistent firewood lengths can increase stacking efficiency by up to 25%.

4. Splitting Strategies: From Axe to Hydraulic Splitter

Why it Matters: Splitting firewood reduces its size for easier handling and accelerates the drying process.

The Pro Tip: Choose the right splitting tool for the job. A splitting axe is suitable for smaller logs, while a hydraulic splitter is more efficient for larger, tougher logs.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Manual Splitting with an Axe:

   • Choose the Right Axe: A splitting axe has a heavier head and a wider blade than a felling axe.
   • Stance: Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and the log centered in front of you.
   • Swing: Swing the axe with a smooth, controlled motion, aiming for the center of the log.
   • Safety: Always wear eye protection and gloves when splitting wood.

   • Using a Hydraulic Splitter:

   • Position the Log: Place the log on the splitter’s bed, ensuring it is securely positioned against the splitting wedge.

   • Engage the Splitter: Activate the hydraulic ram to push the log against the wedge.
   • Safety: Keep your hands clear of the splitting area. Wear eye protection and gloves.

My Experience: I spent years splitting firewood with an axe, which was a great workout but also very time-consuming. Investing in a hydraulic splitter was a game-changer. It significantly reduced the amount of time and effort required to split large volumes of firewood.

Data and Insights: A hydraulic splitter can split up to 10 times more firewood per hour than manual splitting with an axe.

5. Wood Selection: Knowing Your Species

Why it Matters: Different wood species have different burning properties, affecting heat output, burn time, and smoke production.

The Pro Tip: Learn to identify different wood species in your area and choose the best ones for firewood.

Key Concepts:

• Hardwoods vs. Softwoods: Hardwoods (e.g., oak, maple, ash) are denser and burn longer than softwoods (e.g., pine, fir, spruce).
• Heat Value: The heat value of wood is measured in BTUs (British Thermal Units) per cord. Hardwoods generally have higher BTU values than softwoods.
• Seasoning: Green wood (freshly cut) contains a high moisture content, making it difficult to burn and producing excessive smoke. Seasoned wood has been dried for several months, reducing its moisture content and improving its burning properties.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Identify Local Wood Species: Consult a local forestry guide or expert to learn about the common wood species in your area.
2. Assess Burning Properties: Research the BTU value, drying time, and other burning properties of each species.
3. Prioritize Hardwoods: Whenever possible, choose hardwoods for firewood due to their higher heat output and longer burn time.
4. Avoid Problematic Species: Some wood species, such as elm and sycamore, are difficult to split. Others, such as black locust, can spark excessively.

My Experience: I initially burned whatever wood I could get my hands on, without paying much attention to the species. I quickly learned that some woods burned much better than others. Oak, for example, provides a long, consistent heat, while pine burns quickly and produces a lot of smoke.

Data and Insights: Oak has a BTU value of approximately 24 million BTUs per cord, while pine has a BTU value of approximately 15 million BTUs per cord.

6. Seasoning Firewood: The Key to Efficient Burning

Why it Matters: Seasoning reduces the moisture content of firewood, making it easier to ignite, burn hotter, and produce less smoke.

The Pro Tip: Properly seasoned firewood should have a moisture content of 20% or less.

Key Concepts:

• Green Wood: Freshly cut wood with a high moisture content (often above 50%).
• Seasoned Wood: Wood that has been dried for several months, reducing its moisture content to 20% or less.
• Moisture Meter: A tool used to measure the moisture content of wood.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Split the Wood: Splitting firewood increases its surface area, allowing it to dry more quickly.
2. Stack the Wood: Stack the firewood in a single row, allowing air to circulate freely around each piece.
3. Elevate the Wood: Elevate the wood off the ground to prevent moisture from wicking up from the soil. Use pallets, logs, or other materials to create a raised platform.
4. Choose a Sunny and Windy Location: A sunny and windy location will promote faster drying.
5. Cover the Top of the Stack: Cover the top of the stack with a tarp or other waterproof material to protect the wood from rain and snow. Leave the sides of the stack uncovered to allow for ventilation.
6. Monitor Moisture Content: Use a moisture meter to monitor the moisture content of the wood. Aim for a moisture content of 20% or less before burning.

My Experience: I used to burn green wood, which was a frustrating experience. It was difficult to ignite, produced a lot of smoke, and didn’t generate much heat. Once I started seasoning my firewood properly, the difference was night and day.

Data and Insights: Properly seasoned firewood can burn up to 50% more efficiently than green wood.

7. Safe Practices: Protecting Yourself and Your Equipment

Why it Matters: Chainsaw work is inherently dangerous. Following safe practices is crucial for preventing accidents and injuries.

The Pro Tip: Always wear proper PPE and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for operating your chainsaw.

Key Concepts:

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Includes a helmet, eye protection, hearing protection, chainsaw chaps, gloves, and sturdy boots.
• Kickback: The sudden and uncontrolled upward or backward movement of the chainsaw bar.
• Situational Awareness: Being aware of your surroundings and potential hazards.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Wear Proper PPE: Always wear all required PPE when operating a chainsaw.
2. Inspect Your Chainsaw: Before each use, inspect your chainsaw for any damage or defects. Check the chain tension, oil level, and throttle control.
3. Start the Chainsaw Safely: Start the chainsaw on the ground, away from your body. Use the correct starting procedure as outlined in the owner’s manual.
4. Use Proper Cutting Techniques: Use proper cutting techniques to avoid kickback and other hazards.
5. Maintain a Safe Distance: Keep bystanders at a safe distance from the work area.
6. Take Breaks: Chainsaw work can be physically demanding. Take frequent breaks to avoid fatigue.
7. Never Work Alone: Always work with a partner or let someone know where you are and when you expect to return.
8. First Aid Kit: Keep a well-stocked first aid kit readily available.
9. Emergency Plan: Have a plan in place in case of an emergency.

My Experience: I’ve witnessed several chainsaw accidents over the years, some of which could have been prevented by following safe practices. These experiences have instilled in me a deep respect for the power of a chainsaw and the importance of safety.

Data and Insights: Wearing chainsaw chaps can reduce the risk of leg injuries by up to 90%.

Case Study: Optimizing Firewood Production on a Small Scale

Let’s look at a hypothetical case: A homeowner, Sarah, wants to produce enough firewood to heat her home during the winter. She has a Stihl MS400 chainsaw and access to a wooded area on her property.

Sarah’s Challenges:

• Limited time and resources.
• No prior experience in firewood production.
• Concerned about safety.

Sarah’s Solution:

1. Education and Planning: Sarah started by researching firewood production techniques and safety practices. She consulted online resources, watched instructional videos, and talked to experienced firewood cutters.
2. Tool Selection: In addition to her MS400 chainsaw, Sarah invested in a splitting axe, a measuring stick, a sawbuck, and a moisture meter. She also purchased all necessary PPE.
3. Wood Selection: Sarah identified oak trees on her property as the best source of firewood.
4. Felling and Bucking: Sarah carefully felled the oak trees, using proper felling techniques and felling wedges when necessary. She then bucked the logs into 16-inch lengths using her measuring stick and sawbuck.
5. Splitting: Sarah used her splitting axe to split the smaller logs. For larger, tougher logs, she considered renting a hydraulic splitter to increase efficiency.
6. Seasoning: Sarah stacked the split firewood in a single row on pallets in a sunny and windy location. She covered the top of the stack with a tarp to protect it from rain and snow.
7. Monitoring: Sarah used her moisture meter to monitor the moisture content of the wood. After six months of seasoning, the wood reached a moisture content of 20% or less.
8. Storage: Sarah stored the seasoned firewood in a woodshed, protecting it from the elements.

Results:

• Sarah successfully produced enough firewood to heat her home during the winter.
• She gained valuable experience in firewood production.
• She saved money on heating costs.
• She improved the health and aesthetics of her property by removing dead or diseased trees.

Cost Analysis (Approximate):

• Chainsaw (MS400 – already owned): $0 (Assuming previously purchased)
• Splitting Axe: $75
• Measuring Stick: $10
• Sawbuck: $50 (DIY option available for lower cost)
• Moisture Meter: $30
• PPE (Helmet, Eye Protection, Hearing Protection, Chaps, Gloves, Boots): $300
• Tarp: $40
• Hydraulic Splitter Rental (Optional, for large logs): $75/day

Total Initial Investment: $505 (excluding chainsaw and optional splitter rental)

Strategic Advantages:

• Reduced reliance on external fuel sources.
• Control over the quality and type of firewood.
• Sustainable use of natural resources.
• Increased self-sufficiency.

Next Steps:

Now that you’ve learned these pro tips, it’s time to put them into practice. Start by inspecting your chainsaw and ensuring it’s in good working order. Sharpen your chain, gather your PPE, and head out to the woods. Remember to always prioritize safety and take your time. With practice and patience, you’ll become a true firewood expert. Consider starting with smaller projects to build your skills and confidence. Document your progress, learn from your mistakes, and never stop learning. The rewards of producing your own firewood are well worth the effort.

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