Stihl MS 310 Chain Size Guide (5 Pro Tips For Smoother Cuts)

Stihl MS 310 Chain Size Guide: 5 Pro Tips for Smoother Cuts

The Stihl MS 310 is a mid-range chainsaw, popular for its versatility in handling tasks from felling small trees to bucking firewood. However, maximizing its performance hinges on using the correct chain size and maintaining it diligently. In this guide, I’ll walk you through everything you need to know, from identifying the right chain to mastering sharpening techniques.

Understanding Chain Size and Specifications

Before diving into the tips, let’s establish a solid foundation. The chain size isn’t just about length; it encompasses several critical measurements that must match your saw’s specifications.

Pitch: The pitch is the distance between any three consecutive rivets divided by two. Common pitches for the MS 310 are .325″ and 3/8″. Using the wrong pitch will prevent the chain from properly engaging with the saw’s sprocket and bar.
Gauge: The gauge refers to the thickness of the drive links, the part of the chain that fits into the guide bar groove. The MS 310 typically uses a .063″ (1.6mm) gauge. Again, the wrong gauge will lead to poor fit and performance.
Drive Link Count: This is the number of drive links in the chain. It depends on the length of your guide bar. Common guide bar lengths for the MS 310 range from 16″ to 20″, requiring different drive link counts.

How to Determine the Correct Chain for Your MS 310:

Consult Your Owner’s Manual: This is the most reliable source of information. The manual will specify the recommended pitch, gauge, and drive link count for various guide bar lengths.
Check Your Existing Chain: If you have the original chain, look for stamped markings on the drive links. These markings usually indicate the pitch and gauge.
Measure Your Existing Chain: If the markings are worn or missing, you can measure the pitch and gauge using a caliper or specialized chain measuring tool.
Refer to Stihl’s Chain Selection Guide: Stihl provides online resources and charts that cross-reference saw models with compatible chain types.
Ask an Expert: When in doubt, consult with a knowledgeable dealer. They can help you identify the correct chain based on your saw and cutting needs.

Data Point: According to Stihl’s technical data, using an incorrectly sized chain can reduce cutting efficiency by up to 30% and significantly increase the risk of kickback.

Wood Anatomy and Properties: A Cutter’s Perspective

As a woodworker, I’ve learned that understanding the wood is just as crucial as understanding the tool. Different wood species have vastly different properties that affect how they cut, split, and burn.

Hardwood vs. Softwood: Hardwoods, like oak and maple, are generally denser and more difficult to cut than softwoods, like pine and fir. This is due to their cellular structure. Hardwoods have smaller, more densely packed cells, while softwoods have larger, more open cells.
Grain Direction: Cutting with the grain is generally easier than cutting against it. The grain direction is determined by the orientation of the wood cells. When cutting with the grain, the chain is essentially slicing along the length of the cells. When cutting against the grain, the chain is severing the cells, requiring more force.
Moisture Content: Freshly cut wood, often called “green” wood, has a high moisture content, sometimes exceeding 100% of its dry weight. This moisture makes the wood heavier and more difficult to cut. Seasoned wood, on the other hand, has a moisture content of around 20% or less. It’s lighter, easier to cut, and burns more efficiently.
Knots: Knots are points where branches grew from the tree. They disrupt the grain pattern and are significantly harder than the surrounding wood. Cutting through knots can dull your chain quickly and increase the risk of kickback.

Personal Story: I once tried to fell a large oak tree with a dull chain. The wood was green, and the tree was full of knots. It was a recipe for disaster. After struggling for hours, I finally gave up and sharpened the chain. The difference was night and day. The freshly sharpened chain sliced through the oak like butter. It was a humbling reminder of the importance of proper chain maintenance.

Pro Tip #1: Choosing the Right Chain Type for Your Cutting Needs

Not all chains are created equal. Different chain types are designed for specific cutting applications. Using the wrong chain can lead to poor performance, increased wear and tear, and even safety hazards.

Full Chisel Chains: These chains have square-cornered cutters that provide aggressive cutting action. They are ideal for felling clean wood but are more prone to dulling in dirty or abrasive conditions.
Semi-Chisel Chains: These chains have rounded cutters that are more durable and less prone to dulling than full chisel chains. They are a good all-around choice for general cutting tasks, including felling, bucking, and limbing.
Low-Profile Chains: These chains have a smaller cutter profile, which reduces the risk of kickback. They are often recommended for beginners and homeowners.
Ripping Chains: These chains are specifically designed for cutting wood lengthwise, along the grain. They have a different cutter geometry than crosscut chains, which are designed for cutting across the grain.

Recommendation: For most users of the Stihl MS 310, a semi-chisel chain is a good compromise between cutting speed and durability. If you primarily cut clean wood, a full chisel chain may be a better choice. If you are concerned about kickback, a low-profile chain is a safer option.

Data Point: Tests conducted by Oregon Products found that semi-chisel chains retain their sharpness up to 20% longer than full chisel chains when cutting abrasive materials.

Pro Tip #2: Mastering Chain Sharpening Techniques

A sharp chain is essential for efficient cutting, safety, and the longevity of your saw. A dull chain requires more force to cut, which puts unnecessary strain on the engine and increases the risk of kickback.

Tools for Chain Sharpening:

Round File and File Guide: This is the most common and affordable method for chain sharpening. A file guide helps maintain the correct filing angle and depth.
Electric Chain Sharpener: This tool provides a more precise and consistent sharpening angle. It is faster than using a hand file but requires more investment.
Depth Gauge Tool: This tool is used to adjust the depth gauges, the small metal tabs in front of each cutter. The depth gauges control how much the cutter bites into the wood.

Sharpening Procedure:

Secure the Saw: Place the saw in a vise or clamp to hold it securely.
Identify the Correct File Size: The file size should match the chain’s pitch. Consult your owner’s manual or the chain manufacturer’s recommendations.
Use a File Guide: A file guide helps maintain the correct filing angle and depth.
File Each Cutter: File each cutter with smooth, consistent strokes, following the original angle of the cutter.
Maintain Consistent Pressure: Apply consistent pressure throughout each stroke.
Sharpen All Cutters: Sharpen all cutters to the same length and angle.
Check and Adjust Depth Gauges: Use a depth gauge tool to check and adjust the depth gauges.
Clean the Chain: Clean the chain with a brush or compressed air to remove any filings.

Common Mistakes to Avoid:

Filing at the Wrong Angle: Filing at the wrong angle will change the cutter geometry and reduce cutting efficiency.
Filing Too Deep: Filing too deep will weaken the cutter and shorten the chain’s lifespan.
Ignoring the Depth Gauges: Incorrect depth gauge settings can lead to aggressive cutting or excessive vibration.
Using a Dull File: A dull file will not sharpen the chain effectively and can damage the cutters.

Personal Story: I used to dread sharpening my chainsaw chain. I found it tedious and time-consuming. But then I invested in a good quality file guide and learned the proper technique. Now, I actually enjoy sharpening my chain. It’s a meditative process that helps me connect with my tools and my craft.

Data Point: Studies have shown that a properly sharpened chain can increase cutting speed by up to 50% compared to a dull chain.

Pro Tip #3: Maintaining Proper Chain Tension

Proper chain tension is crucial for safety, performance, and the longevity of your saw. A chain that is too loose can derail from the guide bar, while a chain that is too tight can overheat and damage the bar and sprocket.

Checking Chain Tension:

Turn Off the Saw: Always turn off the saw and engage the chain brake before checking chain tension.
Wear Gloves: Wear gloves to protect your hands from the sharp cutters.
Lift the Chain: Lift the chain in the middle of the guide bar.
Observe the Sag: The chain should sag slightly, but not so much that the drive links come out of the guide bar groove.

Adjusting Chain Tension:

Loosen the Bar Nuts: Loosen the bar nuts that secure the guide bar to the saw.
Locate the Tensioning Screw: The tensioning screw is typically located on the side of the saw, near the guide bar.
Adjust the Tension: Turn the tensioning screw clockwise to tighten the chain and counterclockwise to loosen it.
Tighten the Bar Nuts: Once the chain is properly tensioned, tighten the bar nuts securely.
Recheck the Tension: Recheck the tension after tightening the bar nuts.

Tips for Maintaining Proper Chain Tension:

Check Tension Regularly: Check the chain tension before each use and after every few cuts.
Adjust Tension When the Chain is Warm: The chain will expand as it heats up, so it’s best to adjust the tension when the chain is warm.
Don’t Overtighten the Chain: Overtightening the chain can damage the bar and sprocket.
Replace the Chain When It Stretches Excessively: Over time, the chain will stretch and become difficult to tension properly. When this happens, it’s time to replace the chain.

Personal Story: I once neglected to check the chain tension on my MS 310. While felling a small tree, the chain derailed and wrapped around the sprocket. It took me hours to untangle the mess. I learned my lesson the hard way: always check the chain tension before each use.

Data Point: A study by the University of California, Davis, found that improper chain tension is a contributing factor in up to 20% of chainsaw accidents.

Pro Tip #4: Optimizing Bar and Chain Lubrication

Proper lubrication is essential for reducing friction, preventing wear, and extending the life of your bar and chain. Without adequate lubrication, the bar and chain will overheat, leading to premature wear and potential damage.

Types of Bar and Chain Oil:

Petroleum-Based Oil: This is the most common type of bar and chain oil. It is effective, affordable, and readily available.
Vegetable-Based Oil: This type of oil is biodegradable and environmentally friendly. It is a good choice for users who are concerned about the environmental impact of petroleum-based oil.
Synthetic Oil: This type of oil provides superior lubrication and protection, especially in extreme conditions. It is more expensive than petroleum-based or vegetable-based oil.

Choosing the Right Oil:

Consider the Climate: In cold weather, use a lighter-weight oil that will flow easily. In hot weather, use a heavier-weight oil that will not thin out too much.
Consider the Wood Type: When cutting hardwoods, use a high-quality oil that provides superior lubrication.
Consider the Environmental Impact: If you are concerned about the environmental impact of petroleum-based oil, choose a vegetable-based or synthetic oil.

Maintaining Proper Lubrication:

Check the Oil Level Regularly: Check the oil level before each use and refill as needed.
Adjust the Oil Flow: Most chainsaws have an adjustable oil flow. Adjust the flow to match the cutting conditions.
Clean the Oil Ports: The oil ports on the guide bar can become clogged with sawdust and debris. Clean them regularly with a small wire or brush.
Use a Bar Rail Luber: A bar rail luber is a tool that helps distribute oil evenly along the guide bar.

Personal Story: I once ran my MS 310 without enough bar and chain oil. The bar overheated and turned blue. I had to replace the bar, which was an expensive mistake. Now, I am meticulous about checking the oil level and adjusting the oil flow.

Data Point: Studies have shown that proper lubrication can extend the life of your bar and chain by up to 50%.

Pro Tip #5: Mastering Cutting Techniques for Smoother Cuts

Even with the right chain size and a sharp chain, poor cutting techniques can lead to rough cuts, increased vibration, and potential safety hazards. Mastering proper cutting techniques is essential for achieving smoother cuts and maximizing the performance of your Stihl MS 310.

Basic Cutting Techniques:

Felling: Felling is the process of cutting down a tree. It involves making a notch cut on one side of the tree and a back cut on the opposite side. The notch cut determines the direction of the fall.
Bucking: Bucking is the process of cutting a felled tree into smaller logs. It is important to support the log properly to prevent pinching and kickback.
Limbing: Limbing is the process of removing branches from a felled tree. It is important to stand on the uphill side of the tree and cut away from your body.

Tips for Smoother Cuts:

Use a Sharp Chain: A sharp chain is essential for smooth cuts.
Maintain a Consistent Cutting Speed: Avoid jerking or forcing the saw.
Let the Saw Do the Work: Don’t apply excessive pressure to the saw. Let the chain do the cutting.
Cut with the Grain: Cutting with the grain is generally easier and produces smoother cuts than cutting against the grain.
Avoid Pinching: Pinching occurs when the wood closes in on the chain, trapping it. Use wedges or levers to prevent pinching.
Use Proper Body Positioning: Stand in a stable position and keep your body balanced.
Be Aware of Your Surroundings: Be aware of potential hazards, such as branches, rocks, and uneven terrain.

Advanced Cutting Techniques:

Boring Cuts: Boring cuts are used to remove a section of wood from the middle of a log. They are often used in felling to create a hinge that controls the direction of the fall.
Plunge Cuts: Plunge cuts are used to cut into a log from the side, without making a starting cut. They are often used in carving and sculpting.

Personal Story: I used to struggle with making clean, smooth cuts with my MS 310. My cuts were often rough and uneven. But then I took a chainsaw safety course and learned the proper cutting techniques. The difference was remarkable. Now, I can make clean, precise cuts with ease.

Data Point: According to the National Safety Council, proper training in chainsaw safety and cutting techniques can reduce the risk of accidents by up to 50%.

Firewood Seasoning Techniques and Safety Considerations

Once you’ve processed your wood, proper seasoning is crucial for maximizing its heat output and minimizing creosote buildup in your chimney.

Why Season Firewood? Green wood contains a high percentage of water, which reduces its burning efficiency and produces excessive smoke. Seasoning reduces the moisture content, making the wood easier to ignite, burn hotter, and produce less smoke.
The Seasoning Process: The ideal seasoning process involves stacking the wood in a well-ventilated area, off the ground, and covered to protect it from rain and snow.
Stacking Methods: There are several popular stacking methods, including the traditional row stack, the round stack (Holzhaufen), and the crib stack.
Seasoning Time: The seasoning time varies depending on the wood species, climate, and stacking method. Generally, hardwoods require at least six months to a year of seasoning, while softwoods can be seasoned in as little as three to six months.
Measuring Moisture Content: A moisture meter can be used to accurately measure the moisture content of firewood. Ideally, firewood should have a moisture content of 20% or less before burning.

Safety Considerations:

Wear Proper Safety Gear: Always wear safety glasses, gloves, hearing protection, and sturdy boots when handling firewood.
Lift Properly: Use proper lifting techniques to avoid back injuries. Bend your knees and keep your back straight.
Be Aware of Insects and Animals: Be aware of insects and animals that may be living in the firewood.
Store Firewood Safely: Store firewood away from your house to prevent insect infestations and reduce the risk of fire.

Personal Story: I once burned unseasoned firewood in my wood stove. The fire was difficult to start, produced excessive smoke, and left a thick layer of creosote in my chimney. It was a costly and potentially dangerous mistake. Now, I am meticulous about seasoning my firewood properly.

Logging Tool Selection and Maintenance Best Practices

Beyond the chainsaw, several other logging tools can make your wood processing tasks easier and safer.

Felling Axe: A felling axe is used for felling small trees and splitting wood.
Splitting Maul: A splitting maul is used for splitting large logs.
Wedges: Wedges are used to prevent pinching when felling trees and splitting logs.
Cant Hook: A cant hook is used to roll logs.
Peavey: A peavey is similar to a cant hook but has a spike on the end for gripping logs.
Measuring Tools: A measuring tape, diameter tape, and log scale are used to measure logs.

Maintenance Best Practices:

Clean Tools Regularly: Clean your tools after each use to remove dirt and debris.
Sharpen Tools Regularly: Sharpen your tools regularly to maintain their cutting efficiency.
Lubricate Tools Regularly: Lubricate your tools regularly to prevent rust and corrosion.
Store Tools Properly: Store your tools in a dry place to prevent rust and corrosion.

Detailed Comparisons:

Manual vs. Hydraulic Splitters: Manual splitters are less expensive and require more physical effort. Hydraulic splitters are more expensive but make splitting large logs much easier.
Hardwood vs. Softwood Axes: Different axe head designs are better suited for splitting different types of wood.
Steel vs. Composite Handles: Steel handles are more durable but heavier. Composite handles are lighter but can be more prone to breakage.

Project Planning and Execution: A Holistic Approach

Before you even start your chainsaw, careful planning is essential for a successful wood processing project.

Define Your Goals: What are you trying to achieve? Are you felling trees for firewood, clearing land, or building a structure?
Assess the Site: Evaluate the terrain, vegetation, and potential hazards.
Obtain Permits: Check with your local authorities to determine if you need any permits for felling trees or processing wood.
Develop a Plan: Create a detailed plan that outlines the steps you will take to complete the project.
Gather Your Tools and Equipment: Make sure you have all the necessary tools and equipment, including your chainsaw, safety gear, and other logging tools.
Follow Safety Procedures: Always follow safety procedures to prevent accidents.

Case Studies:

Small-Scale Firewood Operation: A case study of a small-scale firewood operation that uses sustainable harvesting practices.
Land Clearing Project: A case study of a land clearing project that utilizes efficient wood processing techniques.

Conclusion: The Rhythm of the Woods

Working with wood is more than just a task; it’s a connection to nature, a physical and mental challenge, and a source of immense satisfaction. By understanding your tools, the wood itself, and the proper techniques, you can transform raw logs into something useful and beautiful, all while staying safe and efficient. The Stihl MS 310, with the right chain and proper care, can be your trusted companion in this endeavor. So, embrace the textures, listen to the rhythm of the woods, and create something meaningful.

Stihl MS 310 Chain Size Guide (5 Pro Tips for Smoother Cuts)