Stihl 020 Chainsaw Guide (5 Expert Tips For Parts & Performance)

Have you ever fired up a chainsaw, ready to tackle a pile of logs, only to be met with a frustrating sputter, a dull chain, or worse, a machine that just won’t start? I certainly have. There’s nothing more disheartening than being sidelined by a poorly maintained or improperly used chainsaw when you’re eager to get the job done. That’s why I’ve put together this guide, focusing specifically on the Stihl 020, a classic saw that, with the right care, can still be a real workhorse. This isn’t just a manual regurgitated; it’s born from years of my own experience, learning from mistakes, and discovering the nuances of keeping this reliable machine running smoothly. Let’s dive into how to get the most out of your Stihl 020.

Stihl 020 Chainsaw Guide: 5 Expert Tips for Parts & Performance

Globally, the wood processing and firewood industry is experiencing a fascinating blend of tradition and technological advancement. According to recent reports, the demand for firewood remains steady, especially in regions with colder climates, while the logging industry is increasingly adopting sustainable practices and advanced machinery. We’re also seeing a surge in smaller-scale, independent firewood producers, driven by a desire for self-sufficiency and a connection to nature. The Stihl 020, while not the newest model on the market, remains a popular choice for many due to its manageable size, reliable engine, and availability of parts. It’s a saw that punches above its weight class when properly maintained.

Understanding the Stihl 020: A Brief Overview

The Stihl 020 is a lightweight, gasoline-powered chainsaw designed for a variety of tasks, from pruning and limbing to felling small trees and cutting firewood. Its compact size and relatively low weight make it a good choice for users who may find larger saws cumbersome. However, like any machine, its performance hinges on proper maintenance and the use of quality parts.

Tip #1: Mastering Fuel and Oil: The Lifeblood of Your Stihl 020

The Stihl 020, like most two-stroke engines, relies on a precise mixture of gasoline and two-stroke oil for lubrication and proper combustion. Getting this ratio wrong is a surefire way to damage your engine.

The Right Mix: Stihl typically recommends a 50:1 fuel-to-oil ratio for their chainsaws. This means 50 parts gasoline to 1 part two-stroke oil. I’ve found this to be a good starting point, but it’s crucial to use high-quality, name-brand two-stroke oil specifically designed for air-cooled engines.

Why Quality Matters: Cheap oil can lead to carbon buildup, reduced lubrication, and premature engine wear. Trust me, I learned this the hard way years ago when I tried to save a few bucks on oil. The result was a seized piston and a costly repair.

Mixing Procedure:

Use Fresh Gasoline: Old gasoline can degrade and lose its octane rating, leading to poor performance and starting problems. I recommend using gasoline with an octane rating of 89 or higher.
Measure Accurately: Don’t eyeball it! Use a dedicated measuring container to ensure the correct ratio. Stihl often sells pre-measured oil packets for convenience.
Mix Thoroughly: Pour the gasoline and oil into a clean fuel can and shake vigorously for at least 30 seconds to ensure a homogenous mixture.
Label the Can: Clearly label the fuel can with the date and the fuel-to-oil ratio. Gasoline can degrade over time, so I suggest using mixed fuel within 30 days for optimal performance.

Chain Oil: Don’t neglect the chain oil! This lubricates the chain and bar, reducing friction and preventing premature wear. Use a high-quality bar and chain oil specifically designed for chainsaws. I prefer oils with tackifiers, which help the oil adhere to the chain and bar, reducing oil consumption and providing better lubrication. Always check the oil level before each use.

Tip #2: Chain Sharpening: The Key to Efficient Cutting

A dull chain is not only inefficient but also dangerous. It requires more force to cut, increasing the risk of kickback and operator fatigue. A sharp chain, on the other hand, slices through wood with ease, reducing strain on the engine and making your work safer and more enjoyable.

Understanding Chain Anatomy: Before you can sharpen a chain, you need to understand its components:

Cutters: These are the teeth that do the actual cutting. Each cutter has a top plate and a side plate.
Depth Gauges (Rakers): These control the amount of wood the cutters can take with each pass.
Tie Straps: These connect the cutters and drive links.
Drive Links: These fit into the bar groove and are driven by the sprocket.

Sharpening Tools:

Round File: This is the primary tool for sharpening the cutters. The correct file size depends on the chain pitch (the distance between the chain rivets). Consult your chainsaw’s manual or the chain itself to determine the correct file size.
File Holder: This helps you maintain the correct filing angle and depth.
Flat File: This is used to adjust the depth gauges.
Depth Gauge Tool: This helps you measure the depth gauge height.
Vise: This secures the chainsaw bar, making sharpening easier.

Sharpening Procedure:

Secure the Bar: Clamp the chainsaw bar in a vise.
Identify the Correct Filing Angle: This is typically marked on the file holder or can be found in your chainsaw’s manual.
File the Cutters: Place the round file in the cutter, aligning it with the correct filing angle. Use smooth, even strokes, filing from the inside of the cutter to the outside. Maintain consistent pressure and direction. I usually aim for 3-5 strokes per cutter.
Check for Sharpness: The cutter should have a sharp, clean edge. If it’s still dull, continue filing.
Repeat for All Cutters: Sharpen all the cutters on one side of the chain, then flip the saw and sharpen the cutters on the other side.
Adjust the Depth Gauges: After sharpening the cutters, the depth gauges may need to be adjusted. Use the depth gauge tool to measure the height of the depth gauges. If they are too high, use the flat file to lower them. Consult your chainsaw’s manual for the correct depth gauge height.
Clean the Chain: Use a brush to remove any filings from the chain.

My Sharpening Tips:

Consistency is Key: Maintaining a consistent filing angle and depth is crucial for achieving a sharp, even chain.
Don’t Over-Sharpen: Over-sharpening can weaken the cutters and shorten the life of the chain.
Consider a Chainsaw Sharpener: For those who sharpen chains frequently, a chainsaw sharpener can be a worthwhile investment. These machines provide more precise and consistent sharpening.
Learn from an Expert: If you’re new to chainsaw sharpening, consider taking a class or asking an experienced user to show you the ropes.

Tip #3: Air Filter Maintenance: Breathe Easy for Optimal Performance

A clean air filter is essential for proper engine performance. A clogged air filter restricts airflow, leading to reduced power, increased fuel consumption, and potential engine damage.

Types of Air Filters: The Stihl 020 typically uses a felt or foam air filter.

Cleaning Procedure:

Remove the Air Filter Cover: This is usually held in place by a screw or a clip.
Remove the Air Filter: Carefully remove the air filter, being careful not to drop any debris into the carburetor.
Clean the Air Filter:
- Felt Filter: Tap the filter gently to remove loose debris. If it’s heavily soiled, wash it with warm, soapy water. Rinse thoroughly and allow it to air dry completely before reinstalling.
- Foam Filter: Wash the filter with warm, soapy water. Rinse thoroughly and squeeze out the excess water. Allow it to air dry completely. You can also apply a small amount of air filter oil to the filter to help trap dirt and dust.
Inspect the Air Filter: Check the air filter for any tears or damage. If it’s damaged, replace it.
Clean the Air Filter Housing: Use a brush or compressed air to clean the air filter housing.
Reinstall the Air Filter: Carefully reinstall the air filter, ensuring it’s properly seated.
Reinstall the Air Filter Cover: Secure the air filter cover.

Frequency: I recommend cleaning the air filter after every 5-10 hours of use, or more frequently if you’re working in dusty conditions.

My Air Filter Tips:

Use Compressed Air Sparingly: When using compressed air to clean the air filter, use low pressure to avoid damaging the filter.
Don’t Overtighten the Air Filter Cover: Overtightening the air filter cover can damage the filter or the housing.
Keep a Spare Air Filter on Hand: This allows you to quickly replace a dirty filter without having to wait for it to dry.

Tip #4: Spark Plug Inspection and Replacement: Igniting Performance

The spark plug is responsible for igniting the air-fuel mixture in the engine. A faulty spark plug can cause starting problems, poor performance, and increased fuel consumption.

Inspection:

Remove the Spark Plug Boot: Pull the spark plug boot off the spark plug.
Remove the Spark Plug: Use a spark plug wrench to remove the spark plug.
Inspect the Spark Plug: Check the spark plug for the following:
- Electrode Condition: The electrode should be clean and free of carbon deposits. If it’s black and sooty, it indicates a rich fuel mixture. If it’s white and ashy, it indicates a lean fuel mixture.
- Electrode Gap: The electrode gap should be within the manufacturer’s specifications (typically 0.020-0.025 inches). Use a spark plug gap tool to measure the gap.
- Insulator Condition: The insulator should be free of cracks or chips.

Replacement:

If the spark plug is fouled, damaged, or the electrode gap is incorrect, it should be replaced.

Gap the New Spark Plug: Use a spark plug gap tool to set the electrode gap to the manufacturer’s specifications.
Install the New Spark Plug: Carefully install the new spark plug, tightening it to the manufacturer’s specifications (typically 1/2 to 3/4 turn after finger tight).
Reinstall the Spark Plug Boot: Reinstall the spark plug boot.

Frequency: I recommend inspecting the spark plug every 25 hours of use and replacing it every 100 hours, or more frequently if you notice any signs of problems.

My Spark Plug Tips:

Use the Correct Spark Plug: Use the spark plug recommended by Stihl for your 020 chainsaw.
Don’t Overtighten the Spark Plug: Overtightening the spark plug can damage the cylinder head.
Keep a Spare Spark Plug on Hand: This allows you to quickly replace a faulty spark plug in the field.

Tip #5: Carburetor Adjustment: Fine-Tuning for Optimal Running

The carburetor is responsible for mixing air and fuel in the correct proportions for combustion. A properly adjusted carburetor is essential for optimal engine performance, fuel efficiency, and starting.

Understanding Carburetor Adjustments: The Stihl 020 carburetor typically has three adjustment screws:

L (Low Speed): This screw adjusts the fuel mixture at low speeds (idle).
H (High Speed): This screw adjusts the fuel mixture at high speeds (full throttle).
LA (Idle Speed): This screw adjusts the engine idle speed.

Adjustment Procedure:

Important Safety Note: Carburetor adjustment should be performed with the chainsaw running and the chain brake engaged. Wear safety glasses and gloves.

Warm Up the Engine: Start the engine and let it warm up for a few minutes.
Adjust the Idle Speed (LA): Turn the LA screw until the engine idles smoothly without the chain spinning.
Adjust the Low Speed (L): Turn the L screw slowly until the engine idles smoothly and accelerates cleanly when you open the throttle. If the engine hesitates or stumbles when you open the throttle, the mixture is too lean (turn the L screw counterclockwise to richen the mixture). If the engine smokes excessively or runs roughly at idle, the mixture is too rich (turn the L screw clockwise to lean the mixture).
Adjust the High Speed (H): This adjustment is more critical and requires caution. Run the engine at full throttle and listen to the engine sound. If the engine sounds smooth and powerful, the high-speed mixture is probably correct. If the engine sounds weak or hesitates, the mixture is too lean (turn the H screw counterclockwise to richen the mixture). If the engine smokes excessively or runs roughly at full throttle, the mixture is too rich (turn the H screw clockwise to lean the mixture).
- Lean Burn Danger: Running the engine too lean at high speed can cause overheating and engine damage. It’s better to err on the side of a slightly rich mixture.
Fine-Tune: After making adjustments, let the engine run for a few minutes and recheck the idle speed and acceleration. Make small adjustments as needed to achieve optimal performance.

My Carburetor Adjustment Tips:

Small Adjustments: Make small adjustments (1/8 turn or less) at a time.
Listen to the Engine: Pay attention to the engine sound. It can tell you a lot about the fuel mixture.
Consult a Professional: If you’re not comfortable adjusting the carburetor yourself, take the chainsaw to a qualified technician.
Use a Tachometer: For precise carburetor adjustment, use a tachometer to measure the engine speed.

Additional Tips for Stihl 020 Performance

Regularly Inspect the Bar: Check the bar for wear and damage. Clean the bar groove regularly to remove sawdust and debris.
Lubricate the Sprocket Bearing: The sprocket bearing should be lubricated regularly with grease.
Check the Fuel Lines: Inspect the fuel lines for cracks or leaks. Replace them if necessary.
Store the Chainsaw Properly: When storing the chainsaw for an extended period, drain the fuel tank and run the engine until it stalls. This prevents fuel from gumming up the carburetor. Store the chainsaw in a dry, clean place.
Use the Right Chain: Using the correct chain for the type of wood you’re cutting can significantly improve performance and reduce wear. Softer woods require different chain types than hardwoods.

Troubleshooting Common Stihl 020 Problems

Chainsaw Won’t Start:
- Check the fuel level and fuel mixture.
- Check the spark plug.
- Check the air filter.
- Check the carburetor.
- Check the ignition system.
Chainsaw Runs Poorly:
- Check the air filter.
- Check the spark plug.
- Adjust the carburetor.
- Check the fuel lines.
Chainsaw Chain Won’t Cut:
- Sharpen the chain.
- Check the chain tension.
- Check the bar for wear and damage.
- Make sure the chain is properly lubricated.
Chainsaw Overheats:
- Check the air filter.
- Adjust the carburetor (ensure the mixture is not too lean).
- Check the cooling fins for debris.
- Make sure the chain is properly lubricated.

Costs and Budgeting Considerations

Maintaining a Stihl 020 doesn’t have to break the bank. Here’s a breakdown of potential costs:

Fuel and Oil: Budget for regular purchases of high-quality two-stroke oil and gasoline. Prices vary depending on location and brand.
Chain and Bar Oil: Factor in the cost of bar and chain oil.
Replacement Parts: Chains, spark plugs, air filters, and fuel filters will need to be replaced periodically.
Sharpening Supplies: Round files, flat files, file holders, and depth gauge tools are essential for chain maintenance.
Professional Service: If you’re not comfortable performing certain repairs or adjustments, budget for professional service.

By performing regular maintenance and addressing problems promptly, you can minimize repair costs and extend the life of your Stihl 020.

Next Steps and Additional Resources

Now that you’re armed with these expert tips, it’s time to put them into practice. Start by inspecting your Stihl 020 and performing any necessary maintenance. If you’re unsure about any of the procedures, consult your chainsaw’s manual or seek professional assistance.

Here are some additional resources that may be helpful:

Stihl Website: The official Stihl website offers a wealth of information on their products, including manuals, parts diagrams, and troubleshooting guides.
Local Stihl Dealer: Your local Stihl dealer can provide parts, service, and expert advice.
Online Forums and Communities: Online forums and communities dedicated to chainsaws and wood processing can be a valuable source of information and support.
YouTube Channels: Many YouTube channels offer tutorials on chainsaw maintenance and repair.

Case Study: Reviving a Neglected Stihl 020

I once acquired a Stihl 020 that had been sitting in a shed for years, completely neglected. The fuel tank was full of old, gummy fuel, the air filter was clogged with dirt, and the chain was dull and rusty. Most people would have written it off as a lost cause, but I saw potential.

I started by disassembling the carburetor and cleaning it thoroughly. I replaced the fuel lines, fuel filter, and air filter. I also replaced the spark plug and sharpened the chain. After a few attempts, the engine sputtered to life. It ran rough at first, but after adjusting the carburetor, it smoothed out and ran like a champ.

That neglected Stihl 020 went on to become one of my most reliable chainsaws. It’s a testament to the durability of these machines and the power of proper maintenance.

Final Thoughts

The Stihl 020 is a capable and reliable chainsaw that can provide years of service with proper care. By following these expert tips and performing regular maintenance, you can keep your Stihl 020 running smoothly and efficiently. Remember, a well-maintained chainsaw is not only more productive but also safer to use. Now, get out there and make some sawdust!

Stihl 020 Chainsaw Guide (5 Expert Tips for Parts & Performance)