Stihl 020 Chainsaw Guide (5 Expert Tips for Smooth Woodcutting)

What if you could transform every cut with your Stihl 020 chainsaw from a frustrating struggle into a smooth, satisfying experience? What if you knew the secrets to making your chainsaw sing through wood, leaving you with clean cuts, reduced fatigue, and a sense of accomplishment? As someone who has spent countless hours felling trees, processing timber, and preparing firewood, I understand the challenges and rewards of working with wood. The Stihl 020, despite its age, remains a reliable workhorse in the right hands. But even the best tool needs proper technique and maintenance to perform at its peak.

This guide isn’t just about using a chainsaw; it’s about mastering the art of woodcutting. I’ll share five expert tips, gleaned from years of experience, that will elevate your chainsaw skills and help you get the most out of your Stihl 020. These tips are designed for everyone, from beginners just starting out to seasoned users looking to refine their technique.

Stihl 020 Chainsaw Guide: 5 Expert Tips for Smooth Woodcutting

The Stihl 020 is a classic chainsaw, known for its lightweight design and reliable performance. While newer models boast advanced features, the 020 remains a favorite for many due to its simplicity and durability. However, to truly unlock its potential, you need more than just a well-maintained saw; you need the right techniques.

Tip 1: Master the Fundamentals of Chainsaw Safety

Before even thinking about cutting wood, safety must be your top priority. Chainsaw accidents can be devastating, and complacency is your worst enemy.

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Never operate a chainsaw without proper PPE. This includes:

  • Chainsaw chaps: These provide crucial leg protection. I’ve seen firsthand how chaps can prevent serious injury. One time, a fellow woodcutter slipped while felling a small tree. His chainsaw glanced off his leg, but thanks to his chaps, he walked away with only a minor scratch.
  • Eye protection: Safety glasses or a face shield are essential to protect your eyes from flying debris.
  • Hearing protection: Chainsaws are loud, and prolonged exposure can damage your hearing. Wear earplugs or earmuffs.
  • Gloves: Sturdy gloves provide a better grip and protect your hands from cuts and splinters.
  • Steel-toed boots: These protect your feet from falling logs and potential chainsaw injuries.
  • Helmet: A helmet is crucial, especially when felling trees, to protect against falling branches.

• Chainsaw Inspection: Before each use, thoroughly inspect your Stihl 020. Check the following:

  • Chain tension: A properly tensioned chain should have a slight sag on the bottom of the bar. Too tight, and it can bind; too loose, and it can come off. I prefer a tension where I can pull the chain about 1/8″ (3mm) away from the bar in the middle.
  • Chain sharpness: A dull chain is not only inefficient but also dangerous. It requires more force to cut, increasing the risk of kickback.
  • Bar condition: Check for wear, damage, and proper lubrication.
  • Fuel and oil levels: Ensure both are adequately filled.
  • Throttle trigger and safety lock: Verify they function correctly.
  • Chain brake: Test the chain brake to ensure it engages properly. This is a critical safety feature that can stop the chain in milliseconds during a kickback.

• Understanding Kickback: Kickback is a sudden, violent upward or backward motion of the chainsaw that can occur when the tip of the bar contacts an object. It’s one of the most common causes of chainsaw injuries. To minimize the risk of kickback:

  • Avoid using the tip of the bar: Be aware of the “kickback zone” on the upper quadrant of the bar tip.
  • Maintain a firm grip: Use both hands on the chainsaw at all times.
  • Keep a clear cutting path: Avoid cutting near obstacles that could cause the bar tip to snag.
  • Use a reduced-kickback chain: These chains are designed to reduce the severity of kickback.

• Safe Starting Procedures: Starting a chainsaw can be dangerous if done incorrectly. Follow these steps:

  • Place the chainsaw on a firm, level surface.
  • Engage the chain brake.
  • Activate the choke (if necessary). The Stihl 020 typically has a choke lever. Use it when starting a cold engine.
  • Pull the starter cord firmly and smoothly. Avoid jerking the cord, as this can damage the starter mechanism.
  • Once the engine starts, disengage the choke gradually.
  • Allow the engine to warm up before cutting.

• Working Area Safety: Before starting any cutting operation, assess your surroundings.

  • Clear the area of obstacles: Remove any branches, rocks, or other debris that could trip you or interfere with your work.
  • Ensure good footing: Maintain a stable stance.
  • Be aware of overhead hazards: Watch out for falling branches or other objects.
  • Keep bystanders at a safe distance: A general rule is to keep others at least twice the height of the tree you’re felling away from the work area.
  • Have a clear escape route: In case of an emergency, you need to be able to move quickly and safely.

Data and Insights: According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), chainsaw-related injuries account for tens of thousands of emergency room visits each year in the United States alone. A significant percentage of these injuries are preventable with proper safety precautions and training.

Case Study: I once witnessed a near-fatal accident involving a novice chainsaw user who disregarded safety protocols. He was attempting to fell a small tree without wearing chaps or a helmet. The tree kicked back unexpectedly, and the chainsaw struck his leg. Fortunately, he was wearing heavy work pants, which provided some protection, but he still sustained a serious laceration that required multiple stitches. This incident served as a stark reminder of the importance of always prioritizing safety.

Tip 2: Sharpen Your Chain Like a Pro

A sharp chain is crucial for efficient and safe cutting. A dull chain requires more force, increasing the risk of kickback and causing unnecessary wear on your chainsaw.

• Understanding Chain Types: Different chains are designed for different purposes. The Stihl 020 typically uses a 3/8″ low-profile chain, but it’s essential to verify the correct type for your specific model and cutting needs. Some common chain types include:

  • Full chisel: These chains have square-cornered cutters that are very aggressive and efficient for cutting clean wood. However, they dull quickly and are more prone to kickback.
  • Semi-chisel: These chains have rounded cutters that are more durable and less prone to kickback than full chisel chains. They are a good all-around choice for general-purpose cutting.
  • Low-profile: These chains have a lower profile and are designed for smaller chainsaws like the Stihl 020. They are less aggressive than full chisel chains but are safer and easier to control.

• Tools for Sharpening: You’ll need the right tools to sharpen your chainsaw chain effectively.

  • Round file: This is the most common tool for sharpening chainsaw chains. Choose a file that matches the size of the cutter teeth on your chain. For a 3/8″ low-profile chain, a 5/32″ (4mm) file is typically recommended.
  • File guide: A file guide helps you maintain the correct angle and depth while sharpening. This is especially helpful for beginners.
  • Flat file: This is used to adjust the depth gauges (rakers) on the chain.
  • Depth gauge tool: This tool helps you accurately measure and adjust the depth gauges.
  • Vise: A vise is essential for holding the chainsaw bar securely while sharpening.

• Sharpening Procedure: Follow these steps to sharpen your chainsaw chain:

  1. Secure the chainsaw bar in a vise.
  2. Identify the correct filing angle. The recommended angle for Stihl 020 chains is typically 30 degrees. Refer to your chainsaw’s manual or the chain manufacturer’s specifications.
  3. Place the round file in the cutter tooth. Use the file guide to maintain the correct angle and depth.
  4. File each cutter tooth with smooth, consistent strokes. File from the inside of the cutter to the outside. Count the number of strokes for each tooth to ensure uniformity. I usually aim for 3-5 strokes per tooth.
  5. Sharpen all the cutter teeth on one side of the chain.
  6. Rotate the chainsaw bar in the vise and sharpen the cutter teeth on the other side.
  7. Adjust the depth gauges (rakers). The depth gauges control how much wood the cutter teeth can remove. If the depth gauges are too high, the chain will cut slowly. If they are too low, the chain will be aggressive and prone to kickback. Use the depth gauge tool to measure the depth gauges and file them down with the flat file as needed. The typical depth gauge setting for a Stihl 020 chain is 0.025″ (0.6mm).
  8. Check the chain tension and adjust as needed.

• Maintaining Depth Gauges (Rakers): The depth gauges, also known as rakers, are the small projections in front of each cutter tooth. They control the amount of wood each cutter takes. Over time, these gauges can become too high, reducing the chain’s cutting efficiency.

  • Lowering the Depth Gauges: Use a flat file and a depth gauge tool to lower the rakers. The depth gauge tool will indicate the correct height for your chain type. File the rakers evenly, ensuring a consistent depth across all teeth.

• When to Sharpen: A good rule of thumb is to sharpen your chain every time you refuel your chainsaw. However, you may need to sharpen more frequently if you are cutting dirty or abrasive wood. Signs of a dull chain include:

  • The chainsaw produces sawdust instead of chips.
  • You have to apply excessive pressure to make the chain cut.
  • The chain pulls to one side.
  • The chainsaw vibrates excessively.

Data and Insights: Studies have shown that a sharp chainsaw chain can increase cutting efficiency by as much as 50% compared to a dull chain. This translates to less time spent cutting, reduced fuel consumption, and less wear on your chainsaw.

Case Study: I once worked on a large firewood processing project where we were cutting several cords of oak. We started with a brand new chain, but after only a few hours of cutting, it became noticeably dull. We took the time to sharpen the chain, and the difference was remarkable. The chainsaw cut through the oak much faster and with less effort. We also noticed a significant reduction in fuel consumption.

Tip 3: Master Felling Techniques (If Applicable)

If you’re felling trees, proper technique is crucial for safety and efficiency. Felling is a complex skill that requires experience and training. If you’re new to felling, consider taking a professional course.

• Tree Assessment: Before felling any tree, carefully assess its condition and surroundings.

  • Lean: Determine the direction of the tree’s natural lean. This will influence the direction of the fall.
  • Branches: Identify any heavy or dead branches that could fall unexpectedly.
  • Wind: Be aware of wind conditions, as wind can significantly alter the direction of the fall.
  • Obstacles: Identify any obstacles, such as power lines, buildings, or other trees, that could be damaged by the falling tree.
  • Escape routes: Plan two escape routes that are at a 45-degree angle away from the expected direction of the fall.

• Felling Cuts: The basic felling cuts include the notch, the back cut, and the hinge.

  • Notch: The notch is a wedge-shaped cut that determines the direction of the fall. It should be cut on the side of the tree facing the direction you want it to fall. The notch should be about one-third of the tree’s diameter.
  • Back cut: The back cut is made on the opposite side of the tree from the notch. It should be slightly higher than the bottom of the notch and should leave a hinge of uncut wood. The hinge controls the fall of the tree and prevents it from kicking back.
  • Hinge: The hinge is the uncut wood between the notch and the back cut. It should be about 10% of the tree’s diameter.

• Felling Wedges: Felling wedges are used to help direct the fall of the tree and prevent the chainsaw from becoming pinched in the back cut.

  • Plastic wedges: These are the most common type of felling wedge. They are lightweight and durable.
  • Metal wedges: These are stronger than plastic wedges but can damage your chainsaw chain if you accidentally hit them with the saw.

• Felling Techniques:

  1. Clear the area around the tree.
  2. Cut the notch.
  3. Cut the back cut.
  4. Insert felling wedges into the back cut.
  5. Hammer the wedges to help direct the fall of the tree.
  6. Retreat along your escape route as the tree falls.

• Dealing with Hangers: A “hanger” is a tree that gets caught in another tree during felling. Hangers are extremely dangerous and should be dealt with carefully. Never try to dislodge a hanger by climbing the tree or shaking it. Instead, use a pole saw or a winch to pull the hanger down safely.

Data and Insights: According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), improper felling techniques are a leading cause of logging fatalities. Proper training and adherence to safety protocols are essential for preventing accidents.

Case Study: I was once part of a crew felling trees in a dense forest. One of the trees we were felling got caught in another tree, creating a dangerous hanger. The crew leader, a seasoned logger with years of experience, assessed the situation and decided to use a winch to pull the hanger down. He carefully positioned the winch and slowly applied tension to the hanger. After a few minutes, the hanger broke free and fell safely to the ground. This incident demonstrated the importance of having the right tools and expertise to deal with challenging situations.

Tip 4: Optimize Your Cutting Technique

Even with a sharp chain and a well-maintained chainsaw, your cutting technique can significantly impact your efficiency and safety.

• Stance and Grip: A stable stance and a firm grip are essential for control and balance.

  • Stance: Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, with one foot slightly ahead of the other. This will give you a stable base of support.
  • Grip: Grip the chainsaw firmly with both hands. Your thumbs should be wrapped around the handles.

• Using the Correct Part of the Bar: The Stihl 020 has a relatively short bar, so it’s important to use the correct part of the bar for different cutting tasks.

  • Felling: Use the bottom of the bar for felling cuts. This will give you more control and prevent kickback.
  • Limbing: Use the top of the bar for limbing cuts. This will allow you to make quick and precise cuts.
  • Bucking: Use the middle of the bar for bucking cuts. This will provide a good balance of power and control.

• Avoiding Pinching: Pinching occurs when the wood closes in on the chainsaw bar, trapping it. This can be frustrating and dangerous. To avoid pinching:

  • Use wedges: Use felling wedges or bucking wedges to keep the cut open.
  • Cut from the top: When bucking logs, cut from the top down to prevent the log from closing in on the bar.
  • Use a bore cut: A bore cut is a technique where you plunge the tip of the bar into the wood to create a hole. This can be useful for relieving pressure and preventing pinching.

• Cutting Different Types of Wood: Different types of wood require different cutting techniques.

  • Softwoods: Softwoods, such as pine and fir, are easier to cut than hardwoods. Use a sharp chain and a moderate amount of pressure.
  • Hardwoods: Hardwoods, such as oak and maple, are more difficult to cut than softwoods. Use a very sharp chain and apply more pressure.
  • Green Wood: Green wood, or freshly cut wood, contains a high moisture content. This makes it heavier and more difficult to cut. Green wood also tends to bind more easily, so it’s important to use wedges to prevent pinching.
  • Seasoned Wood: Seasoned wood, or wood that has been allowed to dry, is easier to cut than green wood. It’s also less likely to bind.

• Limbing Techniques: Limbing is the process of removing branches from a felled tree. It can be a dangerous task if not done properly.

  • Work from the base of the tree to the top.
  • Cut branches from the uphill side of the tree.
  • Use the top of the bar to avoid kickback.
  • Be aware of spring poles. A spring pole is a branch that is under tension. When you cut a spring pole, it can snap back violently, causing serious injury.

Data and Insights: Studies have shown that proper cutting technique can increase cutting efficiency by as much as 20%. This translates to less time spent cutting, reduced fatigue, and less wear on your chainsaw.

Case Study: I was once working with a novice chainsaw user who was struggling to cut through a large oak log. He was using a dull chain and applying excessive pressure. I showed him how to sharpen the chain and how to use a bucking wedge to prevent pinching. With the sharp chain and the wedge, he was able to cut through the log much more easily. He also learned the importance of using the correct part of the bar for different cutting tasks.

Tip 5: Maintain Your Stihl 020 for Longevity

Proper maintenance is essential for keeping your Stihl 020 running smoothly and extending its lifespan.

• Cleaning: Regularly clean your chainsaw to remove sawdust, dirt, and debris.

  • Air filter: Clean the air filter after each use. A dirty air filter can restrict airflow and reduce engine performance.
  • Cooling fins: Clean the cooling fins on the engine to prevent overheating.
  • Chain and bar: Clean the chain and bar to remove sawdust and debris.
  • Spark plug: Check the spark plug regularly and replace it if necessary.

• Lubrication: Proper lubrication is essential for preventing wear and tear on your chainsaw.

  • Chain oil: Use a high-quality chain oil to lubricate the chain and bar. Check the oil level regularly and refill as needed. I prefer using a biodegradable chain oil to minimize environmental impact.
  • Grease: Grease the bar tip sprocket regularly to prevent wear.

• Fuel: Use the correct fuel mixture for your Stihl 020. The recommended fuel mixture is typically 50:1 (gasoline to oil). Use a high-quality two-stroke oil specifically designed for chainsaws.

  • Fuel Stabilizer: If you’re not going to use your chainsaw for an extended period, add fuel stabilizer to the fuel tank. This will prevent the fuel from going bad and causing problems with the engine.

• Chain and Bar Maintenance: Proper chain and bar maintenance is essential for safe and efficient cutting.

  • Chain tension: Check the chain tension regularly and adjust as needed.
  • Bar lubrication: Ensure the bar is properly lubricated.
  • Bar wear: Check the bar for wear and damage. If the bar is worn or damaged, replace it.
  • Chain Sharpening: As mentioned before, regular sharpening is crucial.

• Storage: Store your chainsaw in a clean, dry place.

  • Drain the fuel tank: If you’re not going to use your chainsaw for an extended period, drain the fuel tank.
  • Remove the chain and bar: Remove the chain and bar and clean them thoroughly.
  • Store the chainsaw in a case or bag: This will protect it from dust and damage.

Data and Insights: Studies have shown that regular maintenance can extend the lifespan of a chainsaw by as much as 50%. This can save you a significant amount of money in the long run.

Case Study: I once purchased a used Stihl 020 that had been neglected by its previous owner. The chainsaw was dirty, the chain was dull, and the engine was running poorly. I spent a few hours cleaning the chainsaw, sharpening the chain, and tuning up the engine. After the maintenance, the chainsaw ran like new. This experience demonstrated the importance of proper maintenance for keeping a chainsaw running smoothly.

Green Wood vs. Seasoned Wood: A Quick Guide

Understanding the difference between green wood and seasoned wood is crucial for both cutting and firewood preparation.

• Green Wood: This is freshly cut wood with a high moisture content, often exceeding 50%.

  • Characteristics: Heavy, difficult to split, prone to binding, shrinks as it dries.
  • Cutting: Requires a sharp chain, more power, and attention to preventing pinching.
  • Firewood: Burns poorly, produces excessive smoke, and can lead to creosote buildup in chimneys.

• Seasoned Wood: This is wood that has been allowed to dry, typically for 6-12 months, reducing the moisture content to 20% or less.

  • Characteristics: Lighter, easier to split, less prone to binding, burns efficiently.
  • Cutting: Easier to cut than green wood, less stress on the chainsaw.
  • Firewood: Burns hot and clean, produces less smoke and creosote.

Strategic Insights: The Importance of Proper Wood Drying

Drying firewood properly isn’t just about making it easier to burn; it’s about maximizing its energy output and minimizing environmental impact. Seasoned wood burns hotter and cleaner, reducing air pollution and the risk of chimney fires.

Practical Next Steps

Now that you’ve learned these five expert tips, it’s time to put them into practice.

1. Review your safety gear: Ensure you have all the necessary PPE and that it’s in good condition.
2. Inspect your Stihl 020: Check the chain tension, sharpness, fuel and oil levels, and all safety features.
3. Practice your sharpening skills: Use a file guide to sharpen your chain to the correct angle and depth.
4. Start with small projects: Begin by cutting small logs or branches to get a feel for the chainsaw and your cutting technique.
5. Maintain your chainsaw regularly: Clean and lubricate your chainsaw after each use.

By following these tips, you’ll be well on your way to mastering the art of woodcutting with your Stihl 020 chainsaw. Remember, safety is always the top priority. Take your time, be patient, and practice your skills. With experience, you’ll be able to cut wood smoothly, efficiently, and safely.

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