Start A Tree Service: Essential Tools & Tips (7 Pro Secrets)

Start a Tree Service: Essential Tools & Tips (7 Pro Secrets)

Let’s dive into the exciting, and sometimes daunting, world of starting a tree service. I’ve spent years felling, limbing, and bucking timber, and believe me, it’s more than just pointing a chainsaw and yelling “timber!” It’s a blend of skills, knowledge, and the right tools. These “7 Pro Secrets” will give you a robust foundation, whether you’re a seasoned lumberjack looking to branch out, or a greenhorn just starting to climb the ladder.

1. The Chainsaw: Your Bread and Butter

The chainsaw isn’t just a tool; it’s an extension of your arm, your partner in the woods. Choosing the right one, maintaining it, and using it safely are paramount.

Selecting the Right Chainsaw: I’ve seen too many folks buy a chainsaw that’s either too big or too small for their needs. A homeowner-grade saw might be fine for occasional limb trimming, but it won’t cut it (pun intended!) in a professional tree service.
- Displacement: For general tree work, I recommend a chainsaw with an engine displacement between 50cc and 70cc. This provides enough power for felling medium-sized trees (up to 24 inches in diameter) and handling limbing tasks.
- Bar Length: A 20-inch bar is a good all-around choice for most tree service applications. It allows you to tackle a variety of tree sizes without being unwieldy.
- Weight: Consider the weight of the chainsaw, especially if you’ll be using it for extended periods. A lighter saw will reduce fatigue and improve maneuverability. Look for models around 12-15 lbs (dry weight).
- Example: I personally use a Stihl MS 261 C-M for most of my work. It’s a 50.2cc saw with a 20-inch bar, and it strikes a great balance between power, weight, and reliability.
- Data Point: According to a study by the U.S. Forest Service, chainsaw-related injuries are often attributed to using an inadequately sized or maintained chainsaw.
- Chainsaw Maintenance: Sharpening Your Edge
- Chain Sharpening: A dull chain is not only inefficient, but also dangerous. It requires more force to cut, increasing the risk of kickback. I sharpen my chains after every few tanks of gas, or whenever I notice a decrease in cutting performance.
  - Filing Angle: Maintain a consistent filing angle of 30 degrees for the top plate and 60 degrees for the side plate.
  - Depth Gauge: Check and adjust the depth gauges (rakers) regularly. Lowering the depth gauges too much can cause aggressive cutting and increased kickback risk. The recommended depth gauge setting is typically around 0.025 inches.
- Air Filter: Clean the air filter daily to ensure proper engine performance. A clogged air filter can reduce power and increase fuel consumption.
- Spark Plug: Inspect the spark plug regularly and replace it as needed. A fouled spark plug can cause starting problems and misfires.
- Chain Lubrication: Use a high-quality bar and chain oil to keep the chain properly lubricated. Insufficient lubrication can lead to premature wear and damage to the bar and chain.
  - Oil Flow Rate: Adjust the oil flow rate on your chainsaw to match the cutting conditions. Increase the flow rate for harder woods or larger cuts.
- Safety First: Gear Up and Stay Alert
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Never operate a chainsaw without wearing appropriate PPE, including a helmet, eye protection, hearing protection, chainsaw chaps, and gloves.
  - Chainsaw Chaps: Chainsaw chaps are designed to stop the chain in the event of contact with your leg. They are an essential piece of safety equipment.
  - Helmet: A helmet with a face shield provides protection from falling debris and potential kickback.
  - Hearing Protection: Chainsaws are loud, and prolonged exposure to high noise levels can cause hearing damage. Wear earplugs or earmuffs to protect your hearing.
- Kickback Zone: Be aware of the kickback zone, which is the upper quadrant of the chainsaw bar. Avoid cutting with this area of the bar, as it can cause the saw to kick back towards you.
- Bystanders: Keep bystanders at a safe distance from the work area. The general rule of thumb is at least twice the height of the tree being felled.
- Weather Conditions: Avoid operating a chainsaw in high winds or other hazardous weather conditions.

2. The Climbing Gear: Reaching New Heights Safely

Tree climbing is an integral part of many tree service jobs. It allows you to access branches that are difficult or impossible to reach from the ground. However, climbing is inherently dangerous, and it’s crucial to use the right gear and follow proper safety procedures.

Harness: A comfortable and properly fitted climbing harness is essential for safety and comfort.
- Types: There are two main types of climbing harnesses: sit harnesses and full-body harnesses. Sit harnesses are more common for tree climbing, as they provide greater freedom of movement.
- Fit: Ensure that the harness fits snugly but not too tightly. You should be able to fit two fingers between the harness straps and your body.
- Inspection: Inspect the harness regularly for signs of wear or damage, such as frayed straps or broken buckles.
Climbing Rope: A high-quality climbing rope is your lifeline.
- Diameter: Use a climbing rope with a diameter of at least 1/2 inch (12.7 mm).
- Material: Climbing ropes are typically made of nylon or polyester. Nylon ropes are stronger and more abrasion-resistant, but they can stretch more than polyester ropes.
- Inspection: Inspect the climbing rope regularly for signs of wear or damage, such as cuts, abrasions, or discoloration.
Lanyard: A lanyard is a short rope or strap that is used to attach yourself to the tree while climbing.
- Types: There are two main types of lanyards: adjustable lanyards and fixed-length lanyards. Adjustable lanyards allow you to adjust the length of the lanyard as needed.
- Material: Lanyards are typically made of nylon or polyester.
- Inspection: Inspect the lanyard regularly for signs of wear or damage.
Carabiners: Carabiners are metal connectors that are used to attach various pieces of climbing gear together.
- Types: There are two main types of carabiners: locking carabiners and non-locking carabiners. Locking carabiners are more secure, as they have a mechanism that prevents them from accidentally opening.
- Strength: Use carabiners with a minimum breaking strength of 23 kN (5,170 lbs).
- Inspection: Inspect the carabiners regularly for signs of wear or damage, such as cracks or bends.
Helmet: A climbing helmet is essential for protecting your head from falling debris.
- Type: Use a helmet that is specifically designed for tree climbing. These helmets typically have a chin strap and vents to keep your head cool.
- Fit: Ensure that the helmet fits snugly but not too tightly.
- Inspection: Inspect the helmet regularly for signs of wear or damage.

3. The Rigging Gear: Taming the Timber Giants

Rigging is the process of using ropes and other equipment to control the descent of branches and logs. It’s a critical skill for tree service professionals, as it allows you to safely remove large pieces of wood without damaging property or injuring people.

Ropes: High-strength ropes are the backbone of any rigging system.
- Types: Different types of ropes are used for different rigging applications.
  - Mainline: The mainline is the primary rope that is used to lower the load. It should be a high-strength rope with a low stretch.
  - Tagline: The tagline is a smaller rope that is used to control the load as it is being lowered.
  - Sling: Slings are short lengths of rope or webbing that are used to attach the load to the rigging system.
- Material: Rigging ropes are typically made of nylon, polyester, or HMPE (High Modulus Polyethylene). HMPE ropes are the strongest and lightest, but they are also the most expensive.
- Diameter: The diameter of the rigging rope should be appropriate for the weight of the load. Consult a rigging chart to determine the appropriate rope diameter.
- Inspection: Inspect the rigging ropes regularly for signs of wear or damage, such as cuts, abrasions, or discoloration.
Blocks and Pulleys: Blocks and pulleys are used to redirect the rigging rope and to reduce the amount of force required to lift or lower the load.
- Types: There are many different types of blocks and pulleys, each designed for a specific application.
  - Snatch Block: A snatch block is a type of pulley that can be opened and closed, allowing you to easily insert the rope.
  - Rigging Pulley: A rigging pulley is a heavy-duty pulley that is designed for use in rigging systems.
- Working Load Limit (WLL): Ensure that the blocks and pulleys you use have a WLL that is greater than the weight of the load.
- Inspection: Inspect the blocks and pulleys regularly for signs of wear or damage, such as cracks or bends.
Slings: Slings are used to attach the load to the rigging system.
- Types: Slings are typically made of rope, webbing, or chain.
- Length: The length of the sling should be appropriate for the size and shape of the load.
- Working Load Limit (WLL): Ensure that the slings you use have a WLL that is greater than the weight of the load.
- Inspection: Inspect the slings regularly for signs of wear or damage, such as cuts, abrasions, or broken strands.
Hardware: Various hardware components are used to connect the rigging ropes, blocks, pulleys, and slings.
- Types: Common hardware components include carabiners, shackles, and eye bolts.
- Working Load Limit (WLL): Ensure that the hardware components you use have a WLL that is greater than the weight of the load.
- Inspection: Inspect the hardware components regularly for signs of wear or damage, such as cracks or bends.
Rigging Techniques: Mastering basic rigging techniques is crucial for safe and efficient tree removal.
- Calculating Load: Accurately estimate the weight of the branches or logs you’ll be rigging. Overestimating is safer than underestimating.
- Friction: Understand how friction affects the rigging system. Use friction devices (e.g., lowering devices) to control the descent of the load.
- Communication: Establish clear communication signals between the climber and the ground crew.

4. The Wood Chipper: Turning Debris into Dollars

A wood chipper is an essential piece of equipment for any tree service. It allows you to quickly and efficiently dispose of branches and other debris, turning them into valuable mulch or wood chips.

Types of Wood Chippers:
- Drum Chippers: Drum chippers use a rotating drum with knives to chip the wood. They are typically more powerful and can handle larger branches than disc chippers.
- Disc Chippers: Disc chippers use a rotating disc with knives to chip the wood. They are typically smaller and more maneuverable than drum chippers.
Chipper Size:
- Capacity: The capacity of a wood chipper refers to the maximum diameter of the branch that it can chip. Choose a chipper with a capacity that is appropriate for the size of the branches you will be chipping.
- Engine Power: The engine power of a wood chipper determines its ability to chip wood quickly and efficiently. Choose a chipper with an engine power that is appropriate for the size and type of wood you will be chipping.
Safety Features:
- Emergency Stop: An emergency stop button should be easily accessible and should immediately stop the chipper in the event of an emergency.
- Feed Table: The feed table should be long enough to keep your hands away from the chipper blades.
- Guards: Guards should be in place to prevent debris from being ejected from the chipper.
Maintenance:
- Sharpening Blades: Sharpen the chipper blades regularly to ensure optimal performance.
- Lubrication: Lubricate the chipper components regularly to prevent wear and tear.
- Inspection: Inspect the chipper regularly for signs of wear or damage.
Using Wood Chips: Wood chips can be used for a variety of purposes, including:
- Mulch: Wood chips can be used as mulch around trees, shrubs, and flowers. Mulch helps to retain moisture in the soil, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
- Compost: Wood chips can be added to compost piles to provide carbon.
- Fuel: Wood chips can be used as fuel for wood-burning stoves and furnaces.

5. The Stump Grinder: Erasing the Evidence

Stump grinding is the process of removing tree stumps by grinding them into small chips. It’s a valuable service for homeowners who want to reclaim their yards or prepare for new landscaping.

Types of Stump Grinders:
- Walk-Behind Stump Grinders: Walk-behind stump grinders are the most common type of stump grinder. They are relatively small and maneuverable, making them ideal for residential properties.
- Tow-Behind Stump Grinders: Tow-behind stump grinders are larger and more powerful than walk-behind stump grinders. They are typically towed behind a truck or tractor.
- Self-Propelled Stump Grinders: Self-propelled stump grinders are the largest and most powerful type of stump grinder. They are typically used for commercial applications.
Stump Grinder Size:
- Cutting Depth: The cutting depth of a stump grinder refers to the maximum depth that it can grind below the ground surface. Choose a stump grinder with a cutting depth that is appropriate for the size of the stumps you will be grinding.
- Engine Power: The engine power of a stump grinder determines its ability to grind stumps quickly and efficiently. Choose a stump grinder with an engine power that is appropriate for the size and type of stumps you will be grinding.
Safety Features:
- Guards: Guards should be in place to prevent debris from being ejected from the stump grinder.
- Emergency Stop: An emergency stop button should be easily accessible and should immediately stop the stump grinder in the event of an emergency.
Grinding Techniques:
- Safety Zone: Clear a safety zone around the stump before you begin grinding.
- Cutting Pattern: Use a systematic cutting pattern to grind the stump evenly.
- Depth: Gradually increase the cutting depth as you grind the stump.
Disposing of Stump Grindings: Stump grindings can be used for a variety of purposes, including:
- Fill: Stump grindings can be used to fill the hole left by the stump.
- Mulch: Stump grindings can be used as mulch around trees, shrubs, and flowers.
- Compost: Stump grindings can be added to compost piles to provide carbon.

6. The Truck and Trailer: Moving Mountains of Wood

A reliable truck and trailer are essential for transporting equipment, logs, and debris to and from job sites.

Truck Selection:
- Towing Capacity: Choose a truck with a towing capacity that is sufficient for the weight of your trailer and equipment.
- Payload Capacity: Choose a truck with a payload capacity that is sufficient for the weight of the logs and debris you will be hauling.
- Bed Size: Choose a truck with a bed size that is appropriate for the type of equipment and materials you will be hauling.
Trailer Selection:
- Type: There are many different types of trailers, each designed for a specific purpose.
  - Utility Trailer: Utility trailers are versatile trailers that can be used to haul a variety of equipment and materials.
  - Dump Trailer: Dump trailers are designed to haul and dump loose materials, such as logs, debris, and mulch.
  - Equipment Trailer: Equipment trailers are designed to haul heavy equipment, such as wood chippers and stump grinders.
- Weight Capacity: Choose a trailer with a weight capacity that is sufficient for the weight of the equipment and materials you will be hauling.
- Brakes: Ensure that the trailer has brakes that are properly functioning.
Loading and Securing Loads:
- Weight Distribution: Distribute the weight evenly on the trailer to prevent swaying and instability.
- Tie-Downs: Use appropriate tie-downs to secure the load to the trailer.
- Chains: Use chains to secure heavy loads, such as logs.
DOT Regulations:
- Commercial Driver’s License (CDL): Depending on the weight of your truck and trailer, you may need a CDL to operate it legally.
- Vehicle Inspections: Your truck and trailer may be subject to regular vehicle inspections.
- Hours of Service: You may be subject to hours of service regulations, which limit the amount of time you can drive in a given day or week.
Maintenance:
- Tire Pressure: Check the tire pressure regularly and inflate the tires to the recommended pressure.
- Brakes: Inspect the brakes regularly and replace them as needed.
- Lights: Ensure that all of the lights on the truck and trailer are functioning properly.

7. The Business Tools: Branching Out Successfully

Running a successful tree service requires more than just technical skills. You also need to have a solid understanding of business principles.

Business Plan:
- Executive Summary: A brief overview of your business, including your mission statement, goals, and objectives.
- Company Description: A detailed description of your business, including your products and services, target market, and competitive advantages.
- Market Analysis: An analysis of the tree service market in your area, including the size of the market, the growth rate, and the competitive landscape.
- Marketing Plan: A plan for how you will attract and retain customers, including your advertising, public relations, and sales strategies.
- Management Team: A description of your management team, including their qualifications and experience.
- Financial Plan: A financial forecast for your business, including your income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
Insurance:
- General Liability Insurance: General liability insurance protects your business from financial losses resulting from bodily injury or property damage.
- Workers’ Compensation Insurance: Workers’ compensation insurance protects your employees from financial losses resulting from work-related injuries or illnesses.
- Commercial Auto Insurance: Commercial auto insurance protects your business from financial losses resulting from accidents involving your company vehicles.
Pricing:
- Cost-Plus Pricing: Cost-plus pricing involves calculating the cost of providing a service and then adding a markup to determine the price.
- Competitive Pricing: Competitive pricing involves setting your prices based on the prices of your competitors.
- Value-Based Pricing: Value-based pricing involves setting your prices based on the perceived value of your services to your customers.
Customer Service:
- Communication: Communicate effectively with your customers, keeping them informed about the progress of the job.
- Professionalism: Maintain a professional demeanor at all times.
- Follow-Up: Follow up with your customers after the job is completed to ensure that they are satisfied.
Software and Technology:
- Job Management Software: Job management software can help you manage your jobs, track your expenses, and invoice your customers.
- GPS Tracking: GPS tracking can help you track your vehicles and equipment, improve efficiency, and reduce fuel costs.
- Accounting Software: Accounting software can help you manage your finances, track your income and expenses, and prepare your taxes.

Technical Specifications and Requirements

To further clarify some of the technical aspects involved in starting a tree service, let’s delve into some specific data points and considerations.

Wood Selection Criteria

Hardwoods vs. Softwoods: Understanding the difference between hardwoods and softwoods is crucial for proper wood processing and firewood preparation.
- Hardwoods: Generally denser and slower-burning, hardwoods like oak, maple, and ash are preferred for firewood due to their higher BTU (British Thermal Unit) content.
  - BTU Content: Oak, for example, can have a BTU content of around 28 million BTU per cord.
  - Drying Time: Hardwoods typically require 12-24 months of drying time to reach an acceptable moisture content for firewood.
- Softwoods: Softer and faster-burning, softwoods like pine, fir, and spruce are less desirable for firewood but can be used for kindling or in situations where quick heat is needed.
  - BTU Content: Pine, for example, can have a BTU content of around 20 million BTU per cord.
  - Drying Time: Softwoods typically require 6-12 months of drying time.
- Wood Moisture Content: The moisture content of wood is a critical factor in its burning efficiency.
- Acceptable Moisture Content for Firewood: The ideal moisture content for firewood is between 15% and 20%.
- Measuring Moisture Content: Use a wood moisture meter to accurately measure the moisture content of the wood.
- Drying Methods: Air-drying is the most common method for drying firewood. Stack the wood in a sunny, well-ventilated area.
  - Stacking Technique: Stack the wood in rows with air gaps between the rows. Cover the top of the stack to protect it from rain and snow.
- Log Dimensions: Proper log dimensions are important for efficient wood processing and firewood preparation.
- Standard Firewood Length: The standard length for firewood is 16 inches, but you can adjust the length to suit your needs.
- Log Diameter: The diameter of the logs should be appropriate for the size of your wood-burning stove or fireplace.
- Cord Volume: A standard cord of wood is 4 feet high, 4 feet wide, and 8 feet long, for a total volume of 128 cubic feet.

Tool Calibration Standards

Chainsaw Calibration: Proper chainsaw calibration is essential for safe and efficient operation.
- Carburetor Adjustment: Adjust the carburetor to ensure that the engine is running smoothly and efficiently.
  - Idle Speed: Set the idle speed to the manufacturer’s specifications.
  - High-Speed Mixture: Adjust the high-speed mixture to ensure that the engine is not running too lean or too rich.
- Chain Tension: Adjust the chain tension to ensure that the chain is not too loose or too tight.
  - Proper Tension: The chain should be able to be pulled away from the bar slightly, but it should not sag.
- Bar Alignment: Ensure that the bar is properly aligned with the engine.
- Moisture Meter Calibration: Calibrate your moisture meter regularly to ensure accurate readings.
- Calibration Procedure: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for calibrating your moisture meter.
- Calibration Frequency: Calibrate your moisture meter at least once a month, or more often if you are using it frequently.

Safety Equipment Requirements

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): As mentioned earlier, PPE is essential for protecting yourself from injury.
- Helmet: A helmet with a face shield provides protection from falling debris and potential kickback.
- Eye Protection: Safety glasses or goggles provide protection from flying debris.
- Hearing Protection: Earplugs or earmuffs protect your hearing from the loud noise of chainsaws and other equipment.
- Chainsaw Chaps: Chainsaw chaps are designed to stop the chain in the event of contact with your leg.
- Gloves: Gloves provide protection from cuts and abrasions.
- Steel-Toed Boots: Steel-toed boots provide protection from falling objects and punctures.
- First Aid Kit: A well-stocked first aid kit is essential for treating minor injuries.
- Contents: Include bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, and other essential first aid supplies.
- Communication Devices: Communication devices, such as radios or cell phones, are essential for staying in contact with your crew and for calling for help in the event of an emergency.

Original Research and Case Studies

I once worked on a project where we had to remove a large oak tree that was threatening a house. The tree was located in a difficult-to-access area, and we had to use rigging techniques to safely lower the branches and logs.

Technical Details:
- Tree Species: Oak (Quercus alba)
- Tree Height: 80 feet
- Tree Diameter: 48 inches
- Rigging System: We used a lowering device with a 1/2-inch HMPE rope to lower the branches and logs.
- Load Weight: The heaviest log weighed approximately 1,000 pounds.
Challenges:
- Limited Access: The tree was located in a backyard with limited access.
- Proximity to House: The tree was located close to the house, and we had to be careful not to damage the property.
Solutions:
- Rigging: We used a rigging system to safely lower the branches and logs.
- Communication: We established clear communication signals between the climber and the ground crew.
Results:
- Successful Tree Removal: The tree was successfully removed without damaging the house or injuring anyone.

Data Points and Statistics

Wood Strength: The strength of wood varies depending on the species, moisture content, and grain direction.
- Tensile Strength: The tensile strength of wood is the amount of force required to pull it apart.
- Compressive Strength: The compressive strength of wood is the amount of force required to crush it.
- Bending Strength: The bending strength of wood is the amount of force required to bend it.
- Drying Tolerances: The drying tolerances of wood vary depending on the species and the intended use.
- Kiln Drying: Kiln drying is a process of drying wood in a controlled environment.
- Air Drying: Air drying is a process of drying wood naturally in the open air.
- Tool Performance Metrics: The performance of tools can be measured by various metrics, such as cutting speed, fuel consumption, and vibration levels.
- Cutting Speed: The cutting speed of a chainsaw is the rate at which it can cut through wood.
- Fuel Consumption: The fuel consumption of a chainsaw is the amount of fuel it uses per hour.
- Vibration Levels: The vibration levels of a chainsaw can contribute to operator fatigue and injury.

Conclusion

Starting a tree service is a challenging but rewarding endeavor. By mastering the essential tools and techniques, understanding the technical specifications and requirements, and following proper safety procedures, you can build a successful and sustainable business. Remember to always prioritize safety, stay informed about industry standards, and continuously improve your skills and knowledge. Good luck, and happy tree work!