Moving Large Trees: Best Techniques For Site Planting (Pro Tips)

Moving Large Trees: Best Techniques for Site Planting (Pro Tips)

I’ve always believed that connecting with nature is essential for our well-being. There’s something profoundly therapeutic about being surrounded by trees. Beyond the aesthetic appeal, studies have shown that spending time in green spaces can lower stress levels, improve mood, and even boost our immune system. That’s why the idea of transplanting mature trees to new locations is so appealing – it’s about bringing instant nature and established beauty right to our doorstep. Today, I want to share my experiences and insights into the art and science of moving large trees, focusing on best practices for site planting. This isn’t just about digging and replanting; it’s about ensuring the tree thrives in its new environment.

## Understanding the Challenges of Moving Large Trees

Moving large trees is no walk in the park – it’s more like a carefully orchestrated dance between man and nature. The sheer size and weight of these trees present significant logistical challenges. A mature tree has an extensive root system, which is crucial for its survival. When we dig up a tree, we inevitably damage or remove a significant portion of these roots. This can lead to transplant shock, a condition where the tree struggles to absorb water and nutrients, potentially leading to its decline or even death.

### The Root of the Problem: Root Systems and Transplant Shock

The root system of a tree is like an iceberg – what you see above ground is only a fraction of what’s hidden below. A mature tree can have roots that extend far beyond its drip line (the outer circumference of its branches). These roots are responsible for anchoring the tree, absorbing water and nutrients, and storing energy.

When a tree is transplanted, a large percentage of its root system is severed. This disrupts the tree’s ability to function properly. The remaining roots struggle to supply the tree with enough water and nutrients, leading to stress. This stress manifests as transplant shock, characterized by symptoms such as:

Wilting leaves
Yellowing or browning foliage
Stunted growth
Branch dieback

According to research by the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA), the success rate of transplanting large trees can vary widely, ranging from 50% to 90%, depending on factors such as tree species, size, health, and transplanting techniques. This highlights the importance of careful planning and execution.

### Logistical Nightmares: Size, Weight, and Equipment

The logistics of moving large trees can be daunting. A mature tree can weigh several tons, requiring specialized equipment such as tree spades, cranes, and lowboy trailers. These machines are not only expensive but also require skilled operators.

Tree spades are machines designed to dig up trees with a minimal amount of root disturbance. They consist of a series of blades that form a cone-shaped root ball around the tree.

Cranes are used to lift and move trees from the ground to the transport vehicle.

Lowboy trailers are specialized trailers designed to transport heavy and oversized loads, such as large trees.

The cost of moving a large tree can range from a few thousand dollars to tens of thousands, depending on the size of the tree, the distance it needs to be moved, and the equipment required.

## Planning for Success: Site Assessment and Tree Selection

Before even thinking about digging, I always emphasize the importance of thorough planning. This involves assessing both the planting site and the tree itself.

### Know Your Land: Site Assessment

A successful transplant starts with a thorough site assessment. This involves evaluating several factors, including:

Soil type and drainage: Different tree species have different soil requirements. Some prefer well-drained sandy soils, while others thrive in heavier clay soils. It’s crucial to understand the soil type at the planting site and ensure it’s suitable for the chosen tree.
Sunlight exposure: Trees need sunlight for photosynthesis. It’s important to assess the amount of sunlight the planting site receives throughout the day and choose a tree species that can tolerate those conditions.
Wind exposure: High winds can stress newly transplanted trees, potentially causing them to topple over. If the planting site is exposed to strong winds, it may be necessary to provide windbreaks or staking.
Available space: Consider the mature size of the tree and ensure there’s enough space for it to grow without interfering with buildings, power lines, or other structures.
Accessibility: Can heavy equipment access the planting site without damaging existing landscaping or infrastructure?

I remember one project where the client insisted on planting a massive oak tree in their backyard. However, after assessing the site, I realized that the soil was poorly drained, and the location was prone to flooding. Planting an oak tree in such conditions would have been a recipe for disaster. We ended up recommending a different tree species that was better suited to the site conditions, and the client was much happier with the outcome.

### Choosing the Right Tree: Health and Species Matter

Not all trees are created equal. When selecting a tree for transplanting, it’s crucial to choose a healthy specimen that is well-suited to the planting site.

Health assessment: Look for signs of disease, pests, or structural defects. Avoid trees with cracked bark, dead branches, or discolored foliage.
Species selection: Choose a tree species that is known to transplant well and is adapted to the local climate and soil conditions. Some tree species, such as maples, oaks, and pines, are generally more tolerant of transplanting than others.
Size considerations: While it may be tempting to transplant a large, mature tree, smaller trees generally have a higher success rate. This is because they have a smaller root system and are less susceptible to transplant shock.

According to research by the University of Florida, trees with a diameter of less than 4 inches have a significantly higher survival rate after transplanting compared to trees with a diameter of 6 inches or more.

## The Art of Digging: Minimizing Root Disturbance

The way you dig up a tree is critical to its survival. The goal is to minimize root disturbance while preserving as much of the root ball as possible.

### Root Pruning: Preparing for the Move

Root pruning is the process of cutting back the roots of a tree several months before transplanting. This encourages the tree to develop new, fibrous roots closer to the trunk, which will help it recover more quickly after transplanting.

Timing: Root pruning should be done in the early spring or late fall, when the tree is dormant.
Technique: Use sharp pruning shears or a saw to cut the roots cleanly. Avoid tearing or crushing the roots, as this can increase the risk of infection.
Extent: Cut back the roots to the desired size of the root ball. A general rule of thumb is to create a root ball that is 10-12 inches in diameter for every inch of trunk diameter.

### Digging with Care: Preserving the Root Ball

When it comes time to dig up the tree, take your time and be careful not to damage the roots.

Mark the root ball: Use spray paint or stakes to mark the desired size of the root ball.
Dig a trench: Dig a trench around the root ball, gradually working your way deeper.
Undercut the root ball: Once the trench is deep enough, carefully undercut the root ball, severing any remaining roots.
Wrap the root ball: Wrap the root ball in burlap or canvas to prevent it from drying out and falling apart.

I once witnessed a crew hastily digging up a large tree without properly wrapping the root ball. As they lifted the tree with a crane, the root ball crumbled apart, exposing the roots to the air. The tree never recovered and eventually died. This experience taught me the importance of taking the time to properly prepare and protect the root ball.

### Tree Spades: A Modern Marvel

Tree spades are specialized machines that can dig up trees quickly and efficiently. They are particularly useful for transplanting large trees.

How they work: Tree spades have a series of blades that form a cone-shaped root ball around the tree. The blades are hydraulically operated and can be adjusted to different sizes.
Advantages: Tree spades can dig up trees with minimal root disturbance and can transport them to the new planting site in a single operation.
Disadvantages: Tree spades are expensive and require skilled operators. They are also not suitable for all types of soil or terrain.

## Transportation: Ensuring a Safe Journey

Once the tree is dug up, it needs to be transported to the new planting site. This requires careful planning and execution to ensure the tree arrives safely and without damage.

### Protecting the Tree: Wrapping and Padding

Before transporting the tree, it’s essential to protect it from damage. This involves wrapping the trunk and branches with burlap or padding to prevent them from being scratched or broken.

Trunk wrapping: Wrap the trunk with burlap or tree wrap to protect it from sunscald and mechanical damage.
Branch padding: Pad the branches with foam or burlap to prevent them from being broken during transport.

### Choosing the Right Vehicle: Lowboy Trailers and Cranes

Large trees require specialized vehicles for transportation. Lowboy trailers are commonly used to transport heavy and oversized loads, such as large trees. Cranes are used to lift and load the tree onto the trailer.

Lowboy trailers: These trailers have a low deck height, which makes it easier to load and unload heavy objects.
Cranes: Cranes are used to lift the tree from the ground and onto the trailer. Choose a crane with sufficient lifting capacity and reach.

### Securing the Load: Straps and Chains

Once the tree is loaded onto the trailer, it needs to be properly secured to prevent it from shifting or falling off during transport. Use heavy-duty straps or chains to secure the tree to the trailer.

Placement: Place the straps or chains around the trunk and branches, ensuring they are evenly distributed.
Tightening: Tighten the straps or chains securely, but avoid overtightening them, as this can damage the tree.

## Planting the Tree: Setting the Stage for Success

Planting the tree correctly is just as important as digging it up properly. The goal is to create an environment that encourages root growth and minimizes stress on the tree.

### Preparing the Planting Hole: Size and Depth Matter

The planting hole should be at least twice as wide as the root ball and as deep as the root ball is tall. This provides ample space for the roots to spread out and establish themselves.

Width: Dig a hole that is at least twice as wide as the root ball.
Depth: Dig a hole that is as deep as the root ball is tall.
Soil amendment: Amend the soil in the planting hole with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and nutrient content.

I once made the mistake of planting a tree in a hole that was too small. The roots were constricted and unable to spread out, and the tree struggled to grow. I learned my lesson and now always make sure to dig a planting hole that is large enough to accommodate the root system.

### Positioning the Tree: Height and Orientation

When placing the tree in the planting hole, make sure the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. Planting the tree too deep can suffocate the roots, while planting it too shallow can expose the roots to the air.

Height: The top of the root ball should be level with the surrounding soil.
Orientation: Orient the tree so that it faces the same direction as it did in its original location. This will help it adjust to its new environment.

### Backfilling: Gentle and Firm

Backfill the planting hole with the amended soil, gently tamping it down to remove air pockets. Avoid compacting the soil too much, as this can restrict root growth.

Layering: Backfill the hole in layers, tamping down each layer gently.
Watering: Water the tree thoroughly after backfilling to help settle the soil and hydrate the roots.

### Staking: Providing Support

Staking is the process of providing support to a newly transplanted tree to prevent it from toppling over in high winds.

Materials: Use wooden stakes, metal posts, or tree straps to stake the tree.
Placement: Place the stakes around the tree, far enough away from the trunk to avoid damaging the bark.
Attachment: Attach the tree to the stakes using flexible ties or straps. Avoid using wire, as this can girdle the trunk.
Duration: Leave the stakes in place for at least one year, or until the tree is firmly established.

## Post-Transplant Care: Nurturing the Tree Back to Health

The first year after transplanting is critical for the tree’s survival. Proper post-transplant care can help the tree recover from the stress of transplanting and establish a healthy root system.

### Watering: Consistent and Deep

Newly transplanted trees need consistent watering to help them establish their root systems. Water the tree deeply and regularly, especially during dry periods.

Frequency: Water the tree every few days, or more often during hot, dry weather.
Depth: Water the tree deeply, so that the water penetrates to the bottom of the root ball.
Method: Use a soaker hose or a watering can to water the tree slowly and evenly.

### Mulching: Protecting the Roots

Mulching is the process of applying a layer of organic material around the base of the tree to help retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.

Materials: Use wood chips, bark mulch, or compost as mulch.
Placement: Apply a layer of mulch 2-4 inches deep around the base of the tree, keeping it away from the trunk to prevent rot.

### Fertilizing: Providing Nutrients

Fertilizing can help newly transplanted trees recover from the stress of transplanting and establish a healthy root system.

Timing: Fertilize the tree in the spring, after the last frost.
Type: Use a slow-release fertilizer that is specifically formulated for trees.
Application: Apply the fertilizer according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

### Pruning: Removing Dead or Damaged Branches

Pruning can help newly transplanted trees conserve energy and focus on root growth. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches.

Timing: Prune the tree in the late winter or early spring, before new growth begins.
Technique: Use sharp pruning shears or a saw to cut the branches cleanly. Avoid tearing or crushing the branches, as this can increase the risk of infection.

### Pest and Disease Control: Prevention is Key

Newly transplanted trees are more susceptible to pests and diseases. Monitor the tree regularly for signs of infestation or infection, and take appropriate action if necessary.

Prevention: Prevent pests and diseases by keeping the tree healthy and stress-free.
Treatment: If the tree becomes infested or infected, treat it with an appropriate insecticide or fungicide.

## Case Studies: Real-World Examples

To illustrate the principles of moving large trees, let’s look at a few case studies from real-world projects.

### Case Study 1: Transplanting a Mature Oak Tree

Objective: To transplant a mature oak tree from a construction site to a nearby park.
Equipment used: Tree spade, crane, lowboy trailer.
Wood type: Oak.
Safety considerations: Ensuring the stability of the tree during transport, avoiding overhead power lines.
Process: The tree was dug up with a tree spade, transported to the park on a lowboy trailer, and planted in a pre-prepared planting hole. The tree was staked and mulched, and a watering schedule was established.
Outcome: The tree successfully established itself in its new location and is thriving in the park.

### Case Study 2: Moving a Group of Evergreen Trees

Objective: To move a group of evergreen trees from a nursery to a residential property.
Equipment used: Skid steer loader, flatbed truck.
Wood type: Evergreen (various species).
Safety considerations: Protecting the trees from wind damage during transport, avoiding damage to the root balls.
Process: The trees were dug up with a skid steer loader, loaded onto a flatbed truck, and transported to the residential property. The trees were planted in pre-prepared planting holes, staked, and mulched.
Outcome: The trees successfully established themselves in their new location and are providing privacy and beauty to the property.

## Troubleshooting: Common Problems and Solutions

Even with the best planning and execution, problems can arise when moving large trees. Here are some common problems and their solutions:

### Transplant Shock

Problem: The tree is showing signs of transplant shock, such as wilting leaves, yellowing foliage, and stunted growth.
Solution: Water the tree deeply and regularly, apply a root stimulator, and provide shade if necessary.

### Root Rot

Problem: The roots are rotting due to overwatering or poor drainage.
Solution: Improve drainage by amending the soil with compost or other organic matter. Reduce watering frequency and ensure the soil is well-drained.

### Pest Infestation

Problem: The tree is infested with pests, such as aphids, scale, or borers.
Solution: Identify the pest and treat the tree with an appropriate insecticide.

### Disease Infection

Problem: The tree is infected with a disease, such as powdery mildew, leaf spot, or canker.
Solution: Identify the disease and treat the tree with an appropriate fungicide.

## Final Thoughts: The Rewards of Patience

Moving large trees is a challenging but rewarding endeavor. It requires careful planning, skilled execution, and a healthy dose of patience. But the rewards – instant shade, established beauty, and a connection with nature – are well worth the effort.

I’ve learned over the years that the most important ingredient in successful tree transplanting isn’t just the equipment or the techniques, but the dedication and care you put into the process. It’s about understanding the tree’s needs and providing it with the best possible environment to thrive.

So, if you’re considering moving a large tree, remember to do your research, plan carefully, and take your time. With the right approach, you can successfully transplant a mature tree and enjoy its beauty for years to come. Remember, patience is a virtue, especially when dealing with living things. Give the tree time to adjust, and you’ll be rewarded with a healthy, thriving specimen that enhances your landscape and your life.