Large Wood Chippings for Landscaping (5 Pro Tips to Avoid Settling)

Introducing flooring as art, the canvas upon which we build our lives, I’ve always been fascinated by the transformative power of wood. But it’s not just about the finished product – the gleaming hardwood floors or the rustic charm of a log cabin. It’s also about the journey, the process, and the often-overlooked byproducts like wood chippings.

For years, I’ve split my time between my workshop, crafting bespoke furniture, and my small homestead, where I rely on wood for heating and landscaping. Through this duality, I’ve developed a deep appreciation for the versatility of wood chippings, especially the larger variety, in creating stunning and functional landscapes.

However, I’ve also learned a harsh lesson: large wood chippings, while visually appealing and beneficial for soil health, have a notorious tendency to settle over time. This can lead to uneven surfaces, reduced weed suppression, and an overall less-than-desirable aesthetic.

Key Takeaways:

• Proper Preparation is Paramount: A well-prepared base is essential for preventing settling.
• Choosing the Right Chippings Matters: Not all wood chippings are created equal.
• Layering Techniques are Key: Strategic layering can significantly reduce settling.
• Compaction is Your Friend (But Not Too Much): Controlled compaction provides stability.
• Ongoing Maintenance is Crucial: Regular upkeep will extend the lifespan of your landscape.

Let’s dive in!

Large Wood Chippings for Landscaping: 5 Pro Tips to Avoid Settling

1. The Foundation: Preparing Your Landscape Bed for Success

Before you even think about dumping those beautiful, large wood chippings, you need to lay the groundwork – literally. The preparation of your landscape bed is the single most crucial factor in preventing settling. I’ve seen countless projects fail simply because this step was overlooked.

Why is Preparation So Important?

Imagine building a house on sand. No matter how sturdy the structure, the shifting foundation will eventually cause problems. The same principle applies to wood chippings. If the underlying soil is loose, uneven, or poorly drained, the chippings will inevitably sink and settle.

Step-by-Step Guide to Preparing Your Landscape Bed:

1. Clear the Area: Remove all existing vegetation, rocks, debris, and any other obstructions. This might seem obvious, but even small roots left behind can decompose and create pockets that lead to settling. I once spent an entire afternoon pulling out stubborn bindweed roots, and let me tell you, it was worth it in the long run!
2. Level the Ground: Use a shovel and rake to create a level surface. A slight slope for drainage is acceptable, but avoid significant dips or bumps. A level base ensures even weight distribution and reduces the likelihood of localized settling. A laser level can be a great investment if you have a large area to cover.
3. Amend the Soil (If Necessary): Evaluate your existing soil. Is it heavy clay? Is it sandy and nutrient-poor? Amending the soil with compost or other organic matter can improve drainage, aeration, and nutrient content, creating a healthier environment for plants and a more stable base for the chippings.
   • Data Point: Studies have shown that adding compost to clay soil can increase water infiltration rates by up to 50%, reducing the risk of waterlogging and subsequent settling.
4. Install Weed Barrier Fabric (Optional but Recommended): This is a step I highly recommend, especially if you’re dealing with persistent weeds. Weed barrier fabric prevents weeds from growing up through the chippings and also helps to stabilize the soil.
   • Expert Insight: “Weed barrier fabric is a game-changer for wood chipping landscapes,” says Sarah Miller, a landscape architect with over 20 years of experience. “It not only suppresses weeds but also helps to retain moisture and prevent soil erosion.”
   • My Personal Experience: I’ve found that using a high-quality, woven weed barrier fabric is worth the investment. The cheaper, non-woven varieties tend to tear easily and don’t provide as effective weed control.
5. Water the Area: Lightly water the prepared area to help settle the soil and compact it slightly. This will provide a more stable base for the wood chippings.

Addressing Common Concerns:

• “My soil is already pretty good. Do I really need to amend it?” Even if your soil seems healthy, adding a layer of compost can still provide benefits. Compost improves soil structure, enhances water retention, and adds essential nutrients.
• “Weed barrier fabric is expensive. Is there a cheaper alternative?” While there are cheaper alternatives like cardboard or newspaper, they are not as durable or effective as weed barrier fabric. In the long run, the cost savings may not be worth the extra maintenance required.
• “How much compost should I add?” A general rule of thumb is to add a 2-4 inch layer of compost and mix it into the top 6-8 inches of soil.

2. Choosing Your Weapon: Selecting the Right Wood Chippings

Not all wood chippings are created equal. The type of wood, the size of the chips, and the processing methods used can all significantly impact their performance and longevity. Choosing the right chippings is crucial for preventing settling and achieving the desired aesthetic.

Understanding Wood Chip Types:

• Hardwood vs. Softwood: Hardwood chippings, derived from deciduous trees like oak, maple, and cherry, tend to be more durable and decompose slower than softwood chippings, which come from coniferous trees like pine and fir.
  • Data Point: Hardwood chippings can last 2-3 times longer than softwood chippings, reducing the need for frequent replacement and minimizing settling over time.
• Arborist Chips: These are a mixture of wood, bark, and leaves produced by tree trimming and removal services. They are often the most readily available and affordable option. However, they can also be inconsistent in quality and may contain contaminants like seeds and diseased plant material.
  • My Personal Experience: I’ve used arborist chips in the past, and while they can be a good option for large areas, I’ve always been careful to inspect them for unwanted debris and potential contaminants.
• Manufactured Wood Chippings: These are produced specifically for landscaping purposes and are typically more uniform in size and composition than arborist chips. They are often made from specific types of wood and may be dyed or treated to enhance their appearance and durability.
• Shredded Bark: While technically not wood chippings, shredded bark is often used as a landscaping mulch. It tends to be finer in texture than wood chippings and can decompose more quickly.

Size Matters:

The size of the wood chippings also plays a crucial role in preventing settling. Larger chippings tend to interlock and create a more stable surface than smaller chippings.

• Data Point: Wood chippings that are 2-4 inches in size are generally considered ideal for landscaping purposes.
• My Personal Experience: I’ve found that a mix of chip sizes, with a majority in the 2-4 inch range, provides the best balance of stability and aesthetics.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Wood Chippings:

• Durability: How long do you want the chippings to last? Hardwood chippings are generally more durable than softwood chippings.
• Aesthetics: What color and texture are you looking for? Consider the overall design of your landscape and choose chippings that complement it.
• Cost: Wood chipping prices can vary significantly depending on the type of wood, the size of the chips, and the supplier.
• Availability: What types of wood chippings are readily available in your area?
• Sustainability: Are the chippings sourced from sustainably managed forests?

Addressing Common Concerns:

• “Hardwood chippings are too expensive. Can I use softwood chippings instead?” Softwood chippings can be a more affordable option, but you’ll need to replace them more frequently. Consider using softwood chippings in areas where aesthetics are less important or where you plan to replace them regularly.
• “Are dyed wood chippings safe for plants?” Most dyes used in wood chippings are non-toxic and safe for plants. However, it’s always a good idea to check the product label to ensure that the dye is environmentally friendly.
• “How can I tell if wood chippings are sourced sustainably?” Look for wood chippings that are certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or other reputable organizations.

3. Layering Like a Pro: Strategic Application Techniques

Once you’ve chosen the right wood chippings and prepared your landscape bed, it’s time to start applying them. But don’t just dump them in a pile and call it a day! Strategic layering techniques can significantly reduce settling and create a more stable and visually appealing surface.

The Power of Layers:

Think of layering wood chippings like building a brick wall. Each layer contributes to the overall strength and stability of the structure. By applying chippings in layers, you can create a more cohesive and resistant surface to settling.

Step-by-Step Guide to Layering Wood Chippings:

1. The Base Layer: Start with a thin layer of smaller wood chippings or shredded bark. This layer will act as a filter, preventing soil from migrating up into the larger chippings and creating a more stable base.
   • Data Point: A 1-2 inch layer of smaller wood chippings can reduce soil migration by up to 30%.
2. The Middle Layer: Apply a thicker layer of the larger wood chippings you’ve chosen. This layer will provide the bulk of the weed suppression and aesthetic appeal.
   • My Personal Experience: I typically apply a 3-4 inch layer of larger wood chippings for optimal weed control and visual impact.
3. The Top Layer (Optional): Consider adding a thin layer of decorative wood chippings or gravel to the surface. This layer can enhance the visual appeal of your landscape and provide an extra layer of protection against settling.

Tips for Successful Layering:

• Overlap the Layers: When applying each layer, overlap it slightly with the previous layer to create a seamless transition.
• Feather the Edges: Feather the edges of the wood chippings to create a natural and organic look.
• Avoid Piling Up: Avoid piling up the wood chippings around the base of plants, as this can suffocate the roots.
• Consider Slopes: On slopes, use a thicker layer of wood chippings to prevent erosion and settling.

Addressing Common Concerns:

• “Is layering really necessary? Can’t I just apply a thick layer of wood chippings?” While you can apply a thick layer of wood chippings, layering provides several benefits, including improved stability, reduced soil migration, and enhanced weed control.
• “What if I don’t have access to smaller wood chippings for the base layer?” You can use shredded bark, compost, or even a layer of cardboard as a substitute.
• “How often should I reapply the layers?” Depending on the type of wood chippings you use and the climate in your area, you may need to reapply the layers every 1-2 years to maintain their effectiveness.

4. On one hand, it can help to stabilize the chippings and prevent settling. On the other hand, excessive compaction can reduce drainage and aeration, potentially harming plants. The key is to find the right balance.

Why Compaction Matters:

Think of a pile of loose gravel versus a paved road. The loose gravel is easily shifted and displaced, while the paved road is stable and resistant to movement. Compaction helps to interlock the wood chippings, creating a more cohesive and stable surface.

Methods of Compaction:

• Natural Compaction: Over time, the weight of the wood chippings and the forces of nature (rain, snow, etc.) will naturally compact the chippings.
• Manual Compaction: You can use a hand tamper or a plate compactor to manually compact the wood chippings. This is particularly useful for large areas or areas with heavy foot traffic.
• Water Compaction: Lightly watering the wood chippings can help to settle them and compact them slightly.

Step-by-Step Guide to Compacting Wood Chippings:

1. Apply the Wood Chippings: Follow the layering techniques described in the previous section.
2. Water the Area: Lightly water the wood chippings to help settle them.
3. Use a Hand Tamper or Plate Compactor (Optional): If you’re using a hand tamper or plate compactor, start at the edges of the area and work your way towards the center. Overlap each pass slightly to ensure even compaction.
   • Expert Insight: “When using a plate compactor on wood chippings, it’s important to use a low setting and avoid over-compacting the material,” says John Davis, a landscaping contractor with over 15 years of experience. “Over-compaction can reduce drainage and aeration, potentially harming plants.”
4. Reapply Wood Chippings as Needed: After compaction, you may notice that the wood chippings have settled slightly. Reapply wood chippings as needed to maintain the desired depth and coverage.

Addressing Common Concerns:

• “Will compaction harm my plants?” Excessive compaction can reduce drainage and aeration, potentially harming plants. However, light compaction is generally beneficial and can help to stabilize the wood chippings.
• “Is a plate compactor necessary?” A plate compactor is not necessary for all landscaping projects. However, it can be a useful tool for large areas or areas with heavy foot traffic.
• “How can I tell if I’ve over-compacted the wood chippings?” If the wood chippings are excessively dense and water is pooling on the surface, you’ve likely over-compacted them. Loosen the chippings with a rake or shovel to improve drainage and aeration.

5. The Long Game: Ongoing Maintenance for Lasting Results

Even with proper preparation, selection, layering, and compaction, wood chippings will inevitably settle over time. Ongoing maintenance is crucial for extending the lifespan of your landscape and maintaining its beauty and functionality.

Why Maintenance Matters:

Think of your landscape as a living organism. It requires regular care and attention to thrive. Neglecting maintenance can lead to weed infestations, soil erosion, and, of course, settling.

Essential Maintenance Tasks:

• Weed Control: Regularly remove weeds that grow up through the wood chippings. Hand-pulling is the most effective method, but you can also use herbicides if necessary.
  • My Personal Experience: I’ve found that using a hoe or a weeding fork is much easier on my back than bending over to hand-pull weeds.
• Raking and Leveling: Rake and level the wood chippings periodically to redistribute them and prevent uneven settling.
• Replenishing Wood Chippings: Replenish the wood chippings as needed to maintain the desired depth and coverage.
  • Data Point: Wood chippings typically decompose at a rate of 1-2 inches per year, depending on the type of wood and the climate in your area.
• Addressing Drainage Issues: If you notice water pooling on the surface of the wood chippings, address any drainage issues promptly. This may involve improving the soil drainage or adding drainage pipes.
• Inspecting for Pests and Diseases: Regularly inspect the wood chippings for signs of pests or diseases. Take appropriate action to prevent them from spreading.

Creating a Maintenance Schedule:

• Spring: Remove any debris that has accumulated over the winter, rake and level the wood chippings, and replenish them as needed.
• Summer: Regularly remove weeds and monitor for pests and diseases.
• Fall: Rake up fallen leaves and replenish the wood chippings as needed.
• Winter: Protect plants from frost and snow.

Addressing Common Concerns:

• “Maintenance is too time-consuming. Is there anything I can do to reduce the workload?” Using a high-quality weed barrier fabric, choosing durable wood chippings, and implementing proper layering and compaction techniques can all help to reduce the amount of maintenance required.
• “What’s the best way to dispose of old wood chippings?” Old wood chippings can be composted or used as mulch in other areas of your landscape.
• “How can I prevent my pets from digging in the wood chippings?” There are several things you can do to deter pets from digging in the wood chippings, including using a pet-friendly repellent, placing rocks or other obstacles in the area, or providing your pets with a designated digging area.

Beyond the Basics: Advanced Techniques and Considerations

Now that we’ve covered the fundamental tips for preventing settling in large wood chipping landscapes, let’s delve into some advanced techniques and considerations that can further enhance your projects.

1. Soil Stabilization Techniques:

For particularly challenging sites with unstable soil, consider more intensive soil stabilization techniques.

• Geotextiles: These fabrics are designed to reinforce soil and prevent erosion. They can be used beneath the wood chippings to provide a more stable base.
  • Case Study: A study conducted by the University of California, Davis, found that using geotextiles in landscaping projects reduced soil erosion by up to 70%.
• Soil Binders: These are chemical or organic substances that bind soil particles together, increasing their resistance to erosion and settling.
  • Expert Insight: “Soil binders can be a valuable tool for stabilizing slopes and preventing erosion,” says Lisa Brown, a soil scientist with over 10 years of experience. “However, it’s important to choose a binder that is appropriate for the soil type and climate in your area.”

2. Wood Chip Alternatives:

While wood chippings are a popular choice for landscaping, there are several alternatives that may be more suitable for certain applications.

• Gravel: Gravel is a durable and long-lasting material that is resistant to settling. It is a good choice for pathways, driveways, and other high-traffic areas.
• Rubber Mulch: Rubber mulch is made from recycled tires and is a durable and long-lasting alternative to wood chippings. It is also resistant to decomposition and weed growth.
• Stone Mulch: Stone mulch is made from crushed stone and is a durable and aesthetically pleasing alternative to wood chippings. It is a good choice for rock gardens and other dry landscapes.

3. Incorporating Native Plants:

Choosing native plants for your landscape can reduce the need for watering and fertilization, which can help to prevent soil erosion and settling.

• Data Point: Native plants are typically more drought-tolerant and require less maintenance than non-native plants.
• My Personal Experience: I’ve found that incorporating native plants into my landscape has significantly reduced my water bill and the amount of time I spend on maintenance.

4. Drainage Solutions:

Proper drainage is essential for preventing waterlogging and soil erosion, which can contribute to settling.

• French Drains: These are trenches filled with gravel that drain water away from the area.
• Swales: These are shallow depressions that collect and redirect water.
• Rain Gardens: These are planted areas that collect and filter rainwater.

5. Addressing Specific Challenges:

• Sloping Landscapes: Sloping landscapes are particularly prone to erosion and settling. Use a thicker layer of wood chippings, incorporate terracing, and install erosion control measures such as geotextiles or soil binders.
• High-Traffic Areas: High-traffic areas are more likely to experience settling. Use a durable material such as gravel or rubber mulch, and compact the material thoroughly.
• Areas with Heavy Rainfall: Areas with heavy rainfall are prone to waterlogging and soil erosion. Improve drainage by installing French drains, swales, or rain gardens.

By implementing these advanced techniques and considerations, you can create wood chipping landscapes that are not only beautiful and functional but also durable and long-lasting.

The Environmental Impact of Wood Chippings

It’s crucial to consider the environmental impact of your landscaping choices. Wood chippings, while often seen as a natural and sustainable option, can have both positive and negative effects.

Positive Impacts:

• Soil Health: As wood chippings decompose, they add organic matter to the soil, improving its structure, water retention, and nutrient content.
• Weed Suppression: Wood chippings act as a barrier, preventing weeds from germinating and reducing the need for herbicides.
• Moisture Retention: Wood chippings help to retain moisture in the soil, reducing the need for watering.
• Carbon Sequestration: Wood chippings store carbon, helping to mitigate climate change.
• Recycling: Using wood chippings is a great way to recycle wood waste that would otherwise end up in landfills.

Negative Impacts:

• Sourcing: If wood chippings are not sourced sustainably, they can contribute to deforestation and habitat loss.
• Transportation: Transporting wood chippings can consume fossil fuels and contribute to air pollution.
• Decomposition: As wood chippings decompose, they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
• Disease Transmission: Wood chippings can potentially transmit plant diseases.
• Pest Infestation: Wood chippings can provide habitat for pests such as termites and ants.

Mitigating Negative Impacts:

• Choose Sustainable Sources: Source wood chippings from sustainably managed forests or from local tree trimming services.
• Reduce Transportation: Buy wood chippings from local suppliers to reduce transportation distances.
• Compost Wood Chippings: Compost wood chippings before using them in your landscape to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released during decomposition.
• Inspect Wood Chippings: Inspect wood chippings for signs of pests or diseases before using them.
• Use Wood Chippings Sparingly: Use wood chippings only where they are needed and avoid over-mulching.

By being mindful of the environmental impact of wood chippings and taking steps to mitigate negative effects, you can create landscapes that are both beautiful and sustainable.

The Economics of Wood Chippings: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

Before embarking on a large wood chipping project, it’s wise to consider the economics involved. A cost-benefit analysis can help you determine whether wood chippings are the most cost-effective landscaping option for your needs.

Costs:

• Purchase Price: The cost of wood chippings can vary depending on the type of wood, the size of the chips, and the supplier.
• Transportation Costs: Transportation costs can add significantly to the overall cost of wood chippings.
• Installation Costs: Installation costs may include the cost of labor, equipment rental, and weed barrier fabric.
• Maintenance Costs: Maintenance costs include the cost of weed control, raking, leveling, and replenishing wood chippings.
• Replacement Costs: Wood chippings will eventually decompose and need to be replaced.

Benefits:

• Reduced Weed Growth: Wood chippings can significantly reduce weed growth, saving you time and money on weed control.
• Improved Soil Health: Wood chippings can improve soil health, reducing the need for fertilizers and other soil amendments.
• Moisture Retention: Wood chippings can help to retain moisture in the soil, reducing the need for watering.
• Aesthetic Appeal: Wood chippings can enhance the aesthetic appeal of your landscape, increasing its value.
• Erosion Control: Wood chippings can help to prevent soil erosion, protecting your property from damage.

Conducting a Cost-Benefit Analysis:

1. Estimate the Costs: Estimate the total cost of purchasing, transporting, installing, maintaining, and replacing wood chippings over a specific period of time (e.g., 5 years).
2. Estimate the Benefits: Estimate the total value of the benefits you will receive from using wood chippings over the same period of time.
3. Compare the Costs and Benefits: Compare the total costs and benefits. If the benefits outweigh the costs, wood chippings are likely a cost-effective landscaping option.

Factors to Consider:

• Labor Costs: If you plan to install and maintain the wood chippings yourself, factor in your labor costs.
• Alternative Landscaping Options: Compare the costs and benefits of wood chippings to other landscaping options such as gravel, rubber mulch, or stone mulch.
• Long-Term Savings: Consider the long-term savings you may realize from using wood chippings, such as reduced water bills and fertilizer costs.

By conducting a thorough cost-benefit analysis, you can make an informed decision about whether wood chippings are the right choice for your landscaping project.

Conclusion: Creating a Lasting Landscape with Large Wood Chippings

Large wood chippings offer a fantastic way to enhance your landscape, providing both aesthetic appeal and functional benefits. By understanding the factors that contribute to settling and implementing the pro tips outlined in this guide, you can create a landscape that is not only beautiful but also durable and long-lasting.

Remember:

• Preparation is Key: A well-prepared base is essential for preventing settling.
• Choose Wisely: Select the right type and size of wood chippings for your specific needs.
• Layer Strategically: Apply wood chippings in layers to create a more stable surface.
• Compact with Care: Compact the wood chippings lightly to improve stability.
• Maintain Regularly: Implement a maintenance schedule to extend the lifespan of your landscape.

By following these guidelines and adapting them to your specific circumstances, you can enjoy the beauty and benefits of large wood chippings for years to come. So, go ahead, embrace the art of landscaping with wood, and create a space that reflects your personal style and contributes to a healthier environment. Now, get out there and start chipping away at your landscaping dreams!

Learn more