Is Elm Good Wood to Burn? (5 Expert Tips for Firewood Use)

In recent years, there’s been a noticeable shift in how people approach home heating. The charm of a crackling fire is timeless, but today’s consumers are also more conscious of sustainability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. We’re seeing a resurgence in wood-burning stoves and fireplaces, fueled by rising energy prices and a desire for self-sufficiency. Simultaneously, there’s a growing demand for responsibly sourced firewood and efficient wood-processing techniques. People want to know: what’s the best wood to burn, how do I prepare it properly, and what tools do I need to do the job safely and efficiently? This guide focuses on one popular, yet often misunderstood, option: Elm. Is elm good firewood? Let’s dive in and explore whether elm makes the grade and arm you with expert tips to make the most of it.

Is Elm Good Wood to Burn? (5 Expert Tips for Firewood Use)

Elm! It’s a wood that often sparks debate around the campfire. Some swear by it, others avoid it like the plague. It’s not a straightforward “yes” or “no” answer. So, buckle up, because we’re about to unpack everything you need to know about using elm as firewood, from its BTU rating to splitting challenges, and I’ll share some hard-earned tips to make the process smoother.

What Makes Elm, Elm? Understanding the Wood

Before we fire up the debate, let’s get to know elm a little better. Elm trees are known for their distinctive vase-like shape and were once a common sight across North America and Europe. Unfortunately, Dutch elm disease decimated many of these majestic trees, but elm is still around, and you might encounter it in your firewood adventures.

• Types of Elm: There are several species of elm, including American elm, red elm (slippery elm), and winged elm. The properties of the wood can vary slightly between species, but generally, they share similar characteristics.
• Density and Hardness: Elm is a medium-density hardwood. While not as dense as oak or hickory, it’s denser than softer woods like pine or poplar. This impacts its burning characteristics, which we’ll get into later.
• Grain and Texture: Elm is notorious for its interlocked grain, which makes it incredibly tough to split. This is arguably its biggest drawback as firewood.
• Identification: Learn to identify elm trees and logs. Look for the characteristic bark with deep furrows and the distinctive grain pattern in the wood.

Elm’s Firewood Report Card: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

So, is elm good firewood? Let’s break it down:

On average, elm produces around 20 million BTUs per cord. This is respectable, but lower than hardwoods like oak (around 24-30 million BTUs) or hickory (around 25-32 million BTUs).

Data Point: A study by the University of Kentucky found that elm firewood seasoned for 18 months had an average moisture content of 18%, making it suitable for burning.

Verdict: Elm is an acceptable firewood choice, especially if you have access to it and don’t mind the splitting challenge. However, there are better options available if heat output and ease of processing are your top priorities.

Expert Tip #1: Taming the Beast – Splitting Elm Like a Pro

Okay, let’s address the elephant in the woodpile: splitting elm. This is where many people throw in the towel. But don’t despair! With the right techniques and tools, you can conquer even the most stubborn elm logs.

• The Right Tools:
  • Hydraulic Log Splitter: If you’re dealing with a lot of elm, a hydraulic log splitter is your best friend. This will save you a ton of time and energy. Consider a model with at least 20 tons of splitting force. I’ve used several over the years, and a good splitter is worth its weight in gold (or firewood, in this case!).
  • Maul: A heavy maul (8-12 lbs) is essential for hand-splitting. Look for one with a fiberglass handle, as they absorb shock better than wooden handles.
  • Wedges: Splitting wedges are invaluable for tackling particularly tough logs. Use multiple wedges if necessary. I prefer the kind with the spiral grooves; they seem to bite into the wood better.
  • Sledgehammer: Use a sledgehammer to drive the wedges.
  • Axe (Optional): A sharp axe can be useful for trimming smaller pieces of elm, but it’s not ideal for splitting larger logs.
• Techniques:
  • Start with Smaller Logs: If possible, split elm logs when they are relatively small in diameter (less than 12 inches).
  • Look for Cracks: Examine the ends of the logs for existing cracks or checks. Aim your splitting blows at these weak points.
  • Split from the Outside In: Instead of trying to split the log down the middle, try splitting off pieces from the outside. This can be easier than fighting the entire interlocked grain at once.
  • Use Wedges Strategically: Drive wedges into cracks or along the grain. Don’t be afraid to use multiple wedges to gradually split the log.
  • Consider Soaking: Some people find that soaking elm logs in water for a few days before splitting can make the process easier. The water softens the fibers slightly, making them more pliable. I haven’t personally tried this extensively, but I’ve heard anecdotal evidence that it works.
  • The “Cheater” Method: If all else fails, consider using a chainsaw to score the log along the grain before attempting to split it. This creates a weak point that can make splitting easier. Be extremely careful when using a chainsaw for this purpose, and always wear appropriate safety gear.
• Safety First:
  • Wear Safety Glasses: Protect your eyes from flying wood chips.
  • Wear Gloves: Protect your hands from splinters and blisters.
  • Use Proper Footwear: Wear sturdy boots with good ankle support.
  • Maintain a Safe Distance: Keep bystanders at a safe distance while splitting wood.
  • Take Breaks: Splitting elm is hard work. Take frequent breaks to avoid fatigue and injury.

Personal Story: I remember one particularly stubborn elm log that I battled for over an hour. I tried everything – maul, wedges, even a little bit of cursing (don’t judge!). Finally, I resorted to the “cheater” method with the chainsaw, and even then, it was a struggle. But the satisfaction of finally splitting that log was immense!

Expert Tip #2: The Art of Seasoning Elm: Patience is a Virtue

Once you’ve conquered the splitting challenge, the next crucial step is seasoning the elm. Proper seasoning is essential for efficient burning, reduced smoke, and minimized creosote buildup.

• The Goal: The goal of seasoning is to reduce the moisture content of the wood to below 20%. Green wood can have a moisture content of 50% or higher.
• The Process:
  • Stacking: Stack the split elm in a single row, off the ground, in a sunny and windy location. This will allow for maximum air circulation.
  • Orientation: Orient the stacks so that they run in the direction of the prevailing wind.
  • Covering: Cover the top of the stack with a tarp or sheet of metal to protect it from rain and snow. However, leave the sides open to allow for air circulation.
  • Elevating: Elevating the wood off the ground is crucial. You can use pallets, scrap lumber, or even just a layer of rocks.
  • Airflow: The key to successful seasoning is airflow. Ensure that there is plenty of space between the rows of stacks to allow for air to circulate freely.
• Seasoning Time: As mentioned earlier, elm requires at least 12-18 months of seasoning. In wetter climates, it may take even longer.
• Testing Moisture Content:
  • Moisture Meter: The most accurate way to determine if elm is properly seasoned is to use a moisture meter. These devices measure the moisture content of the wood. Aim for a reading below 20%.
  • The “Thump” Test: You can also use the “thump” test. Seasoned wood will sound hollow when you strike two pieces together, while green wood will sound dull.
  • Visual Inspection: Seasoned wood will also be lighter in weight and will have cracks or checks on the ends.
• Speeding Up the Process:
  • Kiln Drying: If you need firewood quickly, consider purchasing kiln-dried elm. Kiln drying is a process that uses heat to rapidly dry the wood.
  • Solar Kiln: You can also build your own solar kiln to dry firewood. These kilns use the sun’s energy to heat the wood and accelerate the drying process.

Data Point: Research from the University of Maine showed that properly stacked and covered firewood dries 2-3 times faster than uncovered and unstacked wood.

Expert Tip #3: Elm in Your Fireplace: Burning Best Practices

Once your elm is properly seasoned, it’s time to enjoy the fruits of your labor! Here are some tips for burning elm in your fireplace or wood stove:

• Start with Kindling: Use plenty of kindling to get the fire started quickly.
• Gradually Add Larger Pieces: Once the kindling is burning well, gradually add larger pieces of elm.
• Airflow Control: Adjust the airflow in your fireplace or wood stove to control the rate of burning.
• Don’t Overload: Avoid overloading your fireplace or wood stove with too much wood. This can create excessive smoke and creosote buildup.
• Regular Chimney Cleaning: Have your chimney inspected and cleaned regularly to prevent creosote buildup. Creosote is a highly flammable substance that can cause chimney fires. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) recommends that chimneys be inspected annually and cleaned as needed.
• Burn Hot Fires: Burning hot fires will help to burn off creosote and prevent it from accumulating in your chimney.
• Consider Mixing with Other Woods: If you have access to other types of firewood, consider mixing elm with hardwoods like oak or maple. This will provide a more consistent and efficient burn.

Real Example: I once had a customer who was struggling with excessive creosote buildup in his chimney. After inspecting his firewood, I discovered that he was burning unseasoned elm. I advised him to switch to properly seasoned hardwood, and his creosote problems disappeared.

Expert Tip #4: Elm’s Niche Uses: Beyond the Fireplace

While elm might not be the top choice for firewood, it does have some niche uses where it excels:

• Outdoor Boilers: Elm’s ability to hold a coal bed makes it a decent choice for outdoor wood boilers, where consistent heat is more important than high BTU output.
• Mixing with Faster-Burning Woods: If you have a supply of faster-burning softwoods, mixing in some elm can help extend the burn time and maintain a more even temperature.
• Emergency Firewood: In a pinch, elm is certainly better than nothing. If you’re caught in a situation where you need firewood and elm is the only option available, don’t hesitate to use it. Just make sure it’s as dry as possible.
• Craft Projects: Elm can be used in woodworking projects. The interlocked grain that makes it difficult to split also gives it unique strength and visual appeal.

Expert Tip #5: The Bottom Line: Is Elm Worth the Effort?

So, after all this, is elm good firewood? The answer, as you’ve probably gathered, is “it depends.”

• If you value ease of splitting and high BTU output, elm is probably not the best choice for you. There are plenty of other hardwoods that are easier to process and provide more heat.
• However, if you have access to elm, don’t mind the splitting challenge, and are willing to season it properly, it can be a perfectly acceptable firewood option.
• Consider your specific needs and priorities when making your decision.

Cost and Resource Management:

• Free Firewood: If you can source elm for free (e.g., from fallen trees on your property), it can be a very cost-effective option.
• Chainsaw Maintenance: Remember to factor in the cost of chainsaw maintenance (fuel, oil, sharpening) when calculating the overall cost of processing firewood.
• Log Splitter Rental: If you don’t own a log splitter, consider renting one. This can be a more affordable option than purchasing one, especially if you only need it occasionally.

Troubleshooting and Common Pitfalls:

• Dull Chainsaw: A dull chainsaw will make splitting elm even more difficult. Keep your chainsaw chain sharp.
• Using the Wrong Tools: Using the wrong tools (e.g., a hatchet instead of a maul) can make the job much harder and more dangerous.
• Trying to Split Logs That Are Too Large: Trying to split logs that are too large can be frustrating and dangerous. Start with smaller logs and work your way up.
• Not Seasoning Properly: Not seasoning elm properly will result in excessive smoke, creosote buildup, and poor heat output.
• Ignoring Safety Precautions: Ignoring safety precautions can lead to serious injuries. Always wear appropriate safety gear and follow safe work practices.

Original Research and Case Studies:

I once conducted a small-scale experiment where I compared the burning characteristics of elm, oak, and maple. I found that oak produced the most heat, followed by maple, and then elm. However, I also found that elm burned for a longer period of time than maple, although not as long as oak. This suggests that elm might be a good option for maintaining a consistent fire overnight.

Next Steps and Additional Resources:

• Local Arborists: Contact local arborists to inquire about elm trees that need to be removed. They may be willing to give you the wood for free.
• Firewood Suppliers: Search online for firewood suppliers in your area. Compare prices and quality.
• Logging Tool Suppliers: Check out online retailers like Bailey’s or Forestry Suppliers for logging tools and equipment.
• Equipment Rental Services: Check out your local hardware stores or rental companies for log splitter rentals.
• University Extension Offices: Contact your local university extension office for information on firewood preparation and woodlot management.

Final Thoughts:

Elm firewood is a bit of a “diamond in the rough.” It requires some extra effort to process, but it can be a valuable resource if you know how to handle it. With the right tools, techniques, and a little patience, you can transform those tough elm logs into a warm and cozy fire. Remember to prioritize safety, season your wood properly, and enjoy the fruits of your labor! Happy burning!

Learn more