Is Alder Good Firewood? (5 Arborist Tips for Best Results)

Is Alder Good Firewood? (5 Arborist Tips for Best Results)

Let’s dive deep into the world of alder firewood, a topic that might seem simple on the surface but holds surprising depth. As someone who’s spent years felling trees, splitting logs, and warming homes with the fruits of my labor, I’ve learned a thing or two about what makes good firewood – and what doesn’t. Alder, with its distinct characteristics, often sparks debate. Is it a top-tier fuel source, or better left for other purposes?

In this article, I’ll share my insights, backed by both personal experience and industry knowledge, to help you decide if alder is the right choice for your wood-burning needs. We’ll explore its burning properties, discuss how to season it properly, and even delve into the costs associated with obtaining and preparing alder firewood. Plus, I’ll give you five essential arborist tips to maximize your success.

Alder Firewood: An Overview

Alder is a common hardwood found across the globe, particularly in temperate regions. Several species exist, with red alder ( Alnus rubra) being prevalent in North America and common alder (Alnus glutinosa) in Europe. As firewood, alder presents a mixed bag of qualities. It’s relatively easy to split, dries quickly, and lights easily. However, it’s known for its lower heat output compared to denser hardwoods like oak or maple.

Alder’s Burning Characteristics

• Heat Output: Alder produces approximately 13.8 million BTUs (British Thermal Units) per cord. This is significantly less than oak (around 24 million BTUs per cord) but comparable to softer hardwoods like poplar or aspen.
• Smoke Production: Alder tends to produce a moderate amount of smoke, especially when not properly seasoned.
• Sparking: Alder is not known for excessive sparking, making it a relatively safe choice for indoor fireplaces.
• Creosote Buildup: Like all firewood, improperly seasoned alder can contribute to creosote buildup in chimneys. Proper drying is crucial to minimize this risk.
• Burning Time: Alder burns relatively quickly compared to denser hardwoods. This means you’ll need to replenish your fire more frequently.
• Smell: Alder has a pleasant, slightly sweet aroma when burning, which many find appealing.

Why Choose Alder Firewood?

Despite its lower heat output, alder has several advantages:

• Easy to Split: Alder is known for its straight grain and relatively soft texture, making it easier to split than many other hardwoods. This is a significant benefit for those who split their own firewood.
• Quick Drying: Alder dries much faster than denser hardwoods. It can reach a suitable moisture content (below 20%) in as little as six to twelve months of proper seasoning.
• Easy to Ignite: Alder lights easily and burns readily, making it a good choice for starting fires or supplementing other, harder-to-ignite firewood.
• Clean Burning (when seasoned): Properly seasoned alder burns relatively cleanly, producing less smoke and creosote than unseasoned wood.
• Availability: In many regions, alder is readily available and relatively inexpensive compared to other hardwoods.

When to Avoid Alder Firewood

• Primary Heat Source: If you rely on firewood as your primary heat source in a cold climate, alder might not be the best choice due to its lower heat output. You’ll likely need to burn significantly more alder to achieve the same level of warmth as denser hardwoods.
• Long Burning Time Required: If you prefer a fire that burns for extended periods without needing frequent refueling, alder’s faster burn rate might be a disadvantage.
• Limited Storage Space: Because you’ll need more alder to generate the same amount of heat, you’ll require more storage space.

5 Arborist Tips for Best Results with Alder Firewood

Based on my experience and the expertise of fellow arborists, here are five essential tips for maximizing your success with alder firewood:

1. Prioritize Seasoning: This is the most crucial step. Alder needs to be properly seasoned to burn efficiently and cleanly. Aim for a moisture content below 20%. The best way to achieve this is to split the wood, stack it loosely in a sunny, well-ventilated location, and allow it to dry for at least six to twelve months. Cover the top of the stack to protect it from rain and snow, but leave the sides open for airflow. I’ve found that using a moisture meter to check the wood’s moisture content is invaluable. You can get a decent one for around $30-$50.

2. Consider Mixing with Other Wood: Alder works well as a starter wood or as a supplement to other, denser hardwoods. Mix it with oak, maple, or beech to achieve a balance of easy ignition and long-lasting heat. This is my personal favorite approach. I often use alder to get the fire going quickly and then add oak for sustained heat throughout the night.

3. Harvest Responsibly: If you’re harvesting alder from your own property or with permission from a landowner, be mindful of sustainable forestry practices. Avoid clear-cutting large areas and leave some standing trees for wildlife habitat. Alder plays an important role in soil stabilization and nitrogen fixation, so it’s essential to maintain healthy alder stands.

4. Proper Storage is Key: Once seasoned, store your alder firewood in a dry, sheltered location to prevent it from reabsorbing moisture. A woodshed or a covered stack is ideal. Avoid storing firewood directly on the ground, as this can promote rot and insect infestation. I always elevate my wood stacks on pallets or gravel to ensure good airflow and prevent moisture from wicking up from the ground.

5. Be Aware of Local Regulations: Before harvesting or burning firewood, check your local regulations regarding permits, burning restrictions, and invasive species. Some areas have restrictions on transporting firewood to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Ignorance of the law is no excuse, and hefty fines can be issued.

   Timber Purchase or Harvesting Costs

   If you’re purchasing alder logs or standing timber, the price will depend on the volume, quality, and accessibility of the wood. Timber prices are typically quoted per board foot (BF) or per thousand board feet (MBF). A board foot is a unit of volume equal to 1 inch thick, 12 inches wide, and 12 inches long.

   • Standing Timber: The price of standing alder timber can range from $50 to $200 per MBF, depending on the factors mentioned above. This price typically reflects the value of the timber before it’s been felled, skidded, and processed.
   • Logs: Alder logs can cost between $100 and $300 per MBF, depending on the size, quality, and species. Logs that are straight, free of knots, and of sufficient diameter will command a higher price.
   • Permits: In some areas, you may need a permit to harvest timber, even on your own property. Permit fees can range from a few dollars to several hundred dollars, depending on the location and the scale of the harvest. Always check with your local authorities before starting any timber harvesting operation.

   Example: Let’s say you want to purchase 5 MBF of standing alder timber at a price of $150 per MBF. The total cost would be $750. You’ll also need to factor in the cost of felling, skidding, and processing the timber.

   Tool Costs: Chainsaws, Splitters, and More

   The cost of tools is a significant factor in firewood preparation. A good chainsaw is essential for felling trees and bucking logs into manageable lengths. A log splitter can save you a tremendous amount of time and effort, especially if you’re processing a large volume of firewood.

   • Chainsaws: The price of a chainsaw can range from $200 for a basic homeowner model to $1,500 or more for a professional-grade saw. I personally recommend investing in a quality chainsaw from a reputable brand like Stihl, Husqvarna, or Echo. A good mid-range chainsaw (around $500-$800) should be sufficient for most firewood-cutting tasks.
   • Log Splitters: Log splitters come in various sizes and configurations, from small electric models to large gas-powered units. The price can range from $300 for a basic electric splitter to $3,000 or more for a heavy-duty hydraulic splitter. For most homeowners, a gas-powered splitter with a 20-30 ton splitting force should be adequate.
   • Safety Gear: Don’t skimp on safety gear! A helmet with a face shield, ear protection, gloves, and chaps are essential for protecting yourself from injury. Expect to spend around $100-$200 on quality safety gear.
   • Other Tools: You’ll also need other tools like axes, wedges, sledgehammers, measuring tapes, and marking crayons. These tools can add another $50-$100 to your overall cost.

   Example: Let’s say you purchase a mid-range chainsaw for $600, a log splitter for $1,500, and safety gear for $150. Your total tool cost would be $2,250. However, keep in mind that these tools can last for many years with proper maintenance.

   Tool Maintenance Costs

   Chainsaws and log splitters require regular maintenance to keep them running smoothly. This includes sharpening chains, replacing air filters, changing oil, and lubricating moving parts.

   • Chainsaw Maintenance: Chainsaw chains need to be sharpened regularly to maintain their cutting efficiency. You can either sharpen them yourself with a file or take them to a professional. Professional sharpening typically costs around $10-$15 per chain. You’ll also need to replace the chain periodically, which can cost $20-$50 depending on the size and type of chain.
   • Log Splitter Maintenance: Log splitters require regular oil changes, filter replacements, and lubrication of moving parts. The cost of these maintenance items is relatively low, typically around $20-$50 per year.
   • Fuel Costs: Chainsaws and log splitters require gasoline to operate. The cost of gasoline can vary depending on the location and the price of crude oil. Expect to spend around $10-$20 per day on fuel when cutting and splitting firewood.

   Example: Let’s say you spend $50 per year on chainsaw maintenance, $30 per year on log splitter maintenance, and $15 per day on fuel. If you cut and split firewood for 10 days per year, your total annual maintenance and fuel cost would be $230.

   Labor Wages: Logging Crew or Firewood Handlers

   If you’re hiring a logging crew or firewood handlers, labor costs will be a significant expense. The cost of labor can vary depending on the location, the skill level of the workers, and the complexity of the job.

   • Logging Crew: Hiring a logging crew can cost anywhere from $500 to $2,000 per day, depending on the size of the crew and the equipment they use. This cost typically includes the wages of the workers, the cost of equipment rental, and the cost of insurance.
   • Firewood Handlers: Hiring firewood handlers to split and stack firewood can cost around $15-$25 per hour. The total cost will depend on the amount of firewood you need to process and the number of hours required.

   Example: Let’s say you hire a logging crew for one day at a cost of $1,000. You also hire firewood handlers for 20 hours at a rate of $20 per hour. Your total labor cost would be $1,400.

   Permits (if applicable)

   As mentioned earlier, you may need permits to harvest timber or burn firewood, depending on your location. Permit fees can range from a few dollars to several hundred dollars.

   • Timber Harvesting Permit: A timber harvesting permit may be required if you’re harvesting timber on a commercial scale or if you’re harvesting timber in a sensitive area.
   • Burning Permit: A burning permit may be required if you’re burning firewood in an open fire pit or a wood stove.

   Example: Let’s say you need a timber harvesting permit that costs $100 and a burning permit that costs $20. Your total permit cost would be $120.

   Transportation Costs

   Transportation costs can be a significant expense if you’re hauling logs or firewood over long distances. The cost of transportation will depend on the distance, the type of vehicle, and the price of fuel.

   • Trucking Costs: Hiring a trucking company to haul logs or firewood can cost anywhere from $2 to $5 per mile, depending on the size of the truck and the distance traveled.
   • Fuel Costs: If you’re hauling logs or firewood yourself, you’ll need to factor in the cost of fuel. The cost of fuel can vary depending on the location and the price of crude oil.

   Example: Let’s say you hire a trucking company to haul logs 100 miles at a rate of $3 per mile. Your total trucking cost would be $300.

   Drying and Storage Costs

   Drying and storing firewood can also incur costs, especially if you’re using specialized equipment or facilities.

   • Kiln Drying: Kiln drying firewood can significantly reduce the drying time, but it can also be expensive. The cost of kiln drying can range from $50 to $100 per cord.
   • Storage Shed: Building or purchasing a storage shed for firewood can protect it from the elements and prevent it from reabsorbing moisture. The cost of a storage shed can range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars, depending on the size and construction.

   Example: Let’s say you kiln dry one cord of firewood at a cost of $75. You also purchase a storage shed for $500. Your total drying and storage cost would be $575.

   Industry Benchmarks and Statistical Data

   To put these costs into perspective, let’s look at some industry benchmarks and statistical data:

   • Average Price per Cord of Firewood: The average price per cord of firewood in the United States ranges from $150 to $400, depending on the location, the type of wood, and the season.
   • Average Cost of Logging: The average cost of logging in the United States ranges from $200 to $500 per acre, depending on the terrain, the type of timber, and the size of the harvest.
   • Average Cost of Firewood Delivery: The average cost of firewood delivery in the United States ranges from $50 to $100 per cord, depending on the distance and the quantity of firewood.

   Cost Optimization and Budget Management Tips

   Here are some practical tips for cost optimization and budget management in firewood preparation:

   • Harvest Your Own Wood: If you have access to land with standing timber, harvesting your own wood can save you a significant amount of money.
   • Buy in Bulk: Buying firewood in bulk can often result in a lower price per cord.
   • Season Your Own Wood: Seasoning your own wood can save you the cost of purchasing pre-seasoned firewood.
   • Maintain Your Tools: Regularly maintaining your tools can extend their lifespan and prevent costly repairs.
   • Shop Around for the Best Prices: Compare prices from different suppliers to find the best deals on firewood, tools, and services.
   • Consider Alternative Fuels: If firewood is too expensive or difficult to obtain, consider alternative fuels like propane, natural gas, or heating oil.
   • Improve Your Home’s Insulation: Improving your home’s insulation can reduce your heating needs and lower your overall energy costs.
   • Use a Wood Stove Efficiently: Using a wood stove efficiently can maximize the heat output and minimize the amount of firewood you need to burn.

   Calculating Volume of Logs in Board Feet or Cords

   Understanding how to calculate the volume of logs is essential for estimating the amount of firewood you can obtain from a given tree or log.

   • Board Foot Calculation: The board foot volume of a log can be estimated using the Doyle Log Rule:

     • (Diameter - 4)^2 * Length / 16

     Where:

     • Diameter is the diameter of the log in inches
     • Length is the length of the log in feet

   • Cord Calculation: A cord is a unit of volume equal to 128 cubic feet. To estimate the number of cords in a pile of firewood, multiply the length, width, and height of the pile in feet and divide by 128.

     • Cords = Length * Width * Height / 128

   Estimating Drying Time Based on Moisture Content

   The drying time of firewood depends on several factors, including the type of wood, the size of the pieces, the climate, and the storage conditions. However, you can estimate the drying time based on the initial moisture content of the wood.

   • General Rule of Thumb: As a general rule of thumb, firewood needs to dry for at least six to twelve months to reach a suitable moisture content (below 20%).
   • Moisture Meter: The best way to determine if firewood is dry enough to burn is to use a moisture meter. A moisture meter can measure the moisture content of the wood directly.
   • Drying Conditions: The drying time can be reduced by splitting the wood into smaller pieces, stacking it loosely in a sunny, well-ventilated location, and covering the top of the stack to protect it from rain and snow.

   Formula: A simplified estimate can be made with consideration for local climate conditions. Note that this is a rough calculation and actual drying times may vary considerably.

   Estimated Drying Time (Months) = (Initial Moisture Content - Target Moisture Content) / Drying Rate

   Where:

   • Initial Moisture Content = Wood’s moisture level when freshly cut.
   • Target Moisture Content = Ideal level for burning (around 20%).
   • Drying Rate = Rate of moisture loss per month based on local weather.

   Case Studies on Budgeting and Cost Management

   To illustrate these concepts, let’s look at a few case studies:

   • Case Study 1: Small-Scale Logger: A small-scale logger in Oregon harvests alder timber from their own property. They invest in a mid-range chainsaw and a log splitter. They sell the firewood locally for $250 per cord. By carefully managing their costs and maximizing their efficiency, they are able to generate a profit of $100 per cord.
   • Case Study 2: Firewood Supplier: A firewood supplier in Maine purchases alder logs from a local logging company. They hire firewood handlers to split and stack the wood. They kiln dry the firewood to reduce the drying time. They sell the firewood for $350 per cord. Despite the higher costs, they are able to attract customers who are willing to pay a premium for dry, ready-to-burn firewood.
   • Case Study 3: Homeowner: A homeowner in Wisconsin harvests alder firewood from their own property to heat their home. They invest in a basic chainsaw and split the wood by hand. They season the firewood for two years before burning it. By harvesting and processing their own firewood, they are able to save hundreds of dollars per year on heating costs.

   Actionable Takeaways and Next Steps

   So, is alder good firewood? The answer, as with many things, is “it depends.” Alder isn’t the hottest-burning wood, but its ease of splitting, quick drying time, and pleasant aroma make it a worthwhile option, especially if readily available in your area. If you are going to burn alder, proper seasoning is non-negotiable.

   Here are some actionable takeaways to help you plan your next wood processing or firewood project:

   • Assess Your Needs: Determine your heating needs, budget, and storage capacity.
   • Evaluate Your Resources: Evaluate your access to alder wood, tools, and labor.
   • Develop a Budget: Create a detailed budget that includes all cost components.
   • Plan Your Timeline: Plan your timeline for harvesting, processing, and seasoning firewood.
   • Follow Best Practices: Follow best practices for sustainable forestry, safe firewood handling, and efficient wood burning.
   • Seek Professional Advice: If you’re unsure about any aspect of wood processing or firewood preparation, seek professional advice from an arborist or a forestry consultant.

   By following these tips and taking a proactive approach to cost management, you can successfully prepare alder firewood and enjoy the warmth and comfort of a wood-burning fire without breaking the bank. Remember, the key to success is planning, preparation, and attention to detail. Now, get out there and start chopping!

Learn more