How To Treat Termites In Wood (5 Proven Woodcare Hacks)

The scent of freshly cut wood always takes me back. Back to my grandfather’s workshop, a place filled with the comforting aroma of cedar and pine, and the steady rhythm of his hands shaping wood into something beautiful. He taught me more than just woodworking; he instilled a deep respect for the material itself, a respect that extends to understanding its vulnerabilities, including the insidious threat of termites. Seeing those tiny destroyers attack his precious wood was heartbreaking. That’s why I’m driven to share my knowledge on how to effectively protect your wood from these pests.

How to Treat Termites in Wood (5 Proven Woodcare Hacks)

Termites. The very word can send shivers down the spine of any woodworker, homeowner, or anyone who values the integrity of wooden structures. Globally, termites cause billions of dollars in damage annually, making termite control a critical aspect of wood maintenance. Understanding how to treat termites is not just about preserving your property; it’s about protecting a valuable resource. The global wood processing market is projected to reach \$549.6 billion by 2027, highlighting the continued importance of wood as a building material and the need for effective preservation strategies.

Understanding the Enemy: Termite Identification and Behavior

Before we dive into treatment methods, it’s crucial to understand what we’re up against. Termites aren’t just one homogenous group; there are several different species, each with its own preferences and behaviors.

Subterranean Termites: These are the most common and destructive type. They live in the soil and build mud tubes to reach wood sources above ground.
Drywood Termites: Unlike their subterranean cousins, drywood termites don’t need soil contact. They live entirely within the wood they infest, making them harder to detect.
Dampwood Termites: As the name suggests, these termites prefer wood with high moisture content. They’re often found in decaying wood or areas with water damage.

Identifying Termite Infestation

Early detection is key to minimizing damage. Here are some telltale signs of termite infestation:

Mud Tubes: These pencil-sized tubes are a clear indication of subterranean termites.
Hollow-Sounding Wood: Tap on wooden surfaces, especially those near the ground. A hollow sound suggests that termites have been eating away the interior.
Frass: Drywood termites produce fecal pellets called frass, which resemble sawdust. Look for small piles of frass near infested wood.
Swarmers: These are winged reproductive termites that emerge from colonies to start new ones. Seeing swarmers indoors is a strong sign of infestation.
Damaged Wood: Look for blisters in wood flooring, damaged drywall, or other signs of wood damage.

Hack #1: Borate Treatment – The Wood Preserver’s Secret Weapon

Borate is a naturally occurring mineral salt that’s highly effective at preventing and controlling termite infestations. It works by poisoning the termite’s digestive system, preventing them from extracting nutrients from the wood.

Why Borate?

Preventive and Remedial: Borate can be used to treat wood before construction or to address existing infestations.
Low Toxicity to Humans and Pets: When used correctly, borate is relatively safe for humans and pets.
Long-Lasting Protection: Borate treatments can last for many years, providing ongoing protection against termites.

Step-by-Step Guide to Borate Treatment

Preparation:
- Safety First: Wear gloves, eye protection, and a dust mask to protect yourself from borate dust.
- Clean the Wood: Remove any dirt, paint, or varnish from the wood surface. This will allow the borate solution to penetrate effectively.
- Assess the Damage: Identify areas with active termite infestation. These areas will require more thorough treatment.
Mixing the Borate Solution:
- Follow Manufacturer’s Instructions: The concentration of borate solution will vary depending on the product. Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations. A typical solution is made by dissolving borate powder in water.
- Example: For a 10% borate solution, mix 1 pound of borate powder with 1 gallon of water.
- Warm Water is Key: Use warm water to help the borate powder dissolve more easily.
- Stir Thoroughly: Ensure that the borate powder is completely dissolved before applying the solution.
Applying the Borate Solution:
- Spray Application: Use a garden sprayer or a pump sprayer to apply the borate solution to the wood surface. Apply liberally, ensuring that the wood is thoroughly saturated.
- Brush Application: For smaller areas or hard-to-reach spots, use a paintbrush to apply the borate solution.
- Injection: For existing infestations, inject the borate solution directly into termite galleries using a syringe or a specialized injection tool. This will target the termites directly and provide more immediate control.
- Focus on Vulnerable Areas: Pay special attention to areas that are prone to termite infestation, such as wood in contact with the ground, areas with high moisture content, and joints and corners.
Drying Time:
- Allow Sufficient Drying Time: Allow the borate solution to dry completely before painting, staining, or otherwise finishing the wood. This may take several days, depending on the humidity and temperature.
- Monitor Moisture Levels: Use a moisture meter to ensure that the wood has reached an acceptable moisture content before applying any finishes.
Repeat Application (If Necessary):
- For Severe Infestations: For severe infestations, repeat the borate treatment after a few weeks to ensure that all termites have been eliminated.
- Preventive Maintenance: Apply borate solution to vulnerable areas every few years as part of your regular wood maintenance routine.

Case Study: Saving My Grandfather’s Workbench

I remember finding termite damage on my grandfather’s workbench. It was heartbreaking, but I knew I had to act fast. I used a borate solution, carefully injecting it into the termite galleries. After a few treatments, the termites were gone, and the workbench was saved.

Hack #2: Natural Wood Sealants – Preventing Termites from Getting In

While borate treats existing infestations, preventing termites from accessing the wood in the first place is even better. Natural wood sealants play a crucial role in this preventive strategy.

Why Natural Sealants?

Environmentally Friendly: Natural sealants are made from renewable resources and are less toxic than synthetic alternatives.
Breathable: They allow wood to breathe, preventing moisture buildup that can attract termites.
Effective Protection: They create a barrier that deters termites and other wood-boring insects.

Types of Natural Wood Sealants

Linseed Oil: A traditional sealant made from flax seeds. It penetrates deeply into the wood, providing excellent protection against moisture and insects.
Beeswax: A natural wax produced by honeybees. It creates a water-resistant barrier and adds a lustrous finish to the wood.
Tung Oil: Extracted from the nuts of the tung tree. It provides a durable, water-resistant finish that’s resistant to termites and other pests.

Applying Natural Wood Sealants

Preparation:
- Clean the Wood: Remove any dirt, dust, or debris from the wood surface.
- Sand the Wood: Sand the wood to create a smooth, even surface. This will allow the sealant to penetrate more effectively.
Application:
- Apply Thin Coats: Apply the sealant in thin, even coats using a brush, cloth, or sprayer.
- Allow Drying Time: Allow each coat to dry completely before applying the next.
- Multiple Coats: Apply multiple coats of sealant for maximum protection.
Maintenance:
- Reapply Regularly: Reapply the sealant every few years to maintain its protective properties.
- Inspect for Damage: Regularly inspect the wood for signs of damage or infestation.

Personal Experience: Linseed Oil on Firewood Storage

I use linseed oil to treat the wooden structures where I store my firewood. It helps to prevent moisture buildup and keeps termites away, ensuring that my firewood stays dry and ready to burn. I find that applying two coats of boiled linseed oil, allowing each to dry for at least 24 hours, offers excellent protection.

Hack #3: Soil Treatment – Creating a Termite Barrier

Since subterranean termites live in the soil, treating the soil around your home or wooden structures can create a barrier that prevents them from reaching the wood.

Types of Soil Treatments

Chemical Termiticides: These are synthetic pesticides that kill termites on contact. They are typically applied by professional pest control companies.
Natural Soil Treatments: These include diatomaceous earth, nematodes, and borate-based soil treatments. They are less toxic than chemical termiticides and can be applied by homeowners.

Applying Soil Treatments

Preparation:
- Clear the Area: Remove any vegetation, mulch, or debris from the area around the foundation or wooden structure.
- Dig a Trench: Dig a shallow trench around the perimeter of the foundation or wooden structure.
Application:
- Apply Termiticide: Apply the termiticide according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Fill the Trench: Fill the trench with treated soil.
Maintenance:
- Reapply Regularly: Reapply the soil treatment every few years to maintain its effectiveness.
- Monitor for Termite Activity: Regularly monitor the area for signs of termite activity.

Diatomaceous Earth: A Natural Soil Treatment

Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a natural powder made from the fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of algae. It’s effective at killing termites because it damages their exoskeletons, causing them to dehydrate and die.

Using Diatomaceous Earth

Apply to Soil: Sprinkle DE around the foundation of your home, along walls, and in other areas where termites may be present.
Apply to Cracks and Crevices: Use a duster to apply DE to cracks and crevices where termites may be hiding.
Reapply After Rain: Reapply DE after rain or watering, as it can lose its effectiveness when wet.

Data Point: Studies have shown that diatomaceous earth can be up to 80% effective in controlling termite populations when applied correctly.

Hack #4: Moisture Control – Keeping Wood Dry and Uninviting

Termites are attracted to moisture, so controlling moisture levels around your home and wooden structures is crucial for preventing infestations.

Moisture Control Strategies

Repair Leaks: Fix any leaks in your roof, plumbing, or foundation.
Improve Drainage: Ensure that water drains away from your foundation.
Ventilate Crawl Spaces: Install vents in crawl spaces to improve air circulation and reduce moisture buildup.
Use Dehumidifiers: Use dehumidifiers in damp areas, such as basements and crawl spaces.
Proper Wood Storage: Store firewood and other wood products away from your home and off the ground.

Case Study: Preventing Termites in Firewood Stacks

I’ve learned that proper firewood storage is essential for preventing termite infestations. I always stack my firewood on pallets to keep it off the ground and allow for air circulation. I also cover the stacks with a tarp to protect them from rain and snow. This helps to keep the wood dry and uninviting to termites. The ideal moisture content for firewood is below 20%, which can be achieved through proper seasoning and storage.

Hack #5: Regular Inspections – Catching Problems Early

Regular inspections are essential for detecting termite infestations early, before they cause significant damage.

What to Look For During Inspections

Mud Tubes: Check for mud tubes on foundation walls, wooden supports, and other areas.
Damaged Wood: Look for blisters in wood flooring, damaged drywall, or other signs of wood damage.
Frass: Check for piles of frass near infested wood.
Swarmers: Watch for swarmers, especially in the spring.
Hollow-Sounding Wood: Tap on wooden surfaces to check for hollow sounds.

Frequency of Inspections

Annual Inspections: Schedule a professional termite inspection at least once a year.
More Frequent Inspections: If you live in an area with high termite activity, consider more frequent inspections.
DIY Inspections: Conduct your own inspections regularly, paying close attention to vulnerable areas.

Personal Tip: Using a Moisture Meter

I use a moisture meter to check the moisture content of wood in my home and workshop. This helps me identify areas that are prone to termite infestation and take steps to address the problem. Moisture meters are relatively inexpensive and easy to use, making them a valuable tool for any homeowner or woodworker.

Cost Considerations and Budgeting

Treating termites can range from a few dollars for a bottle of borate solution to thousands for professional treatments. Here’s a breakdown of potential costs:

DIY Treatments: Borate solutions, diatomaceous earth, and natural wood sealants are relatively inexpensive, costing between \$10 and \$50 per application.
Professional Termite Inspections: These typically cost between \$75 and \$200.
Professional Termite Treatments: These can range from \$500 to \$3,000 or more, depending on the severity of the infestation and the size of the property.
Soil Treatment: Chemical termiticides need professional application that can range from \$10 to \$20 per linear foot.
Wood Replacement: Severely damaged wood may need to be replaced. This can add significant costs to the project.

Budgeting Tips:

Get Multiple Quotes: Get quotes from several pest control companies before hiring one.
Consider DIY Options: If the infestation is minor, consider using DIY treatments to save money.
Prioritize Preventive Measures: Investing in preventive measures, such as moisture control and regular inspections, can save you money in the long run.
Factor in Hidden Costs: Don’t forget to factor in hidden costs, such as wood replacement and repair work.

Troubleshooting and Common Pitfalls

Even with the best strategies, things can sometimes go wrong. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid:

Incorrect Application: Applying treatments incorrectly can reduce their effectiveness. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.
Ignoring Moisture Problems: Failing to address moisture problems can make your wood more susceptible to termite infestation.
Using Ineffective Products: Some products marketed as termite treatments are not effective. Choose products that are proven to work.
Delaying Treatment: Delaying treatment can allow the infestation to worsen, leading to more damage and higher costs.

What to Do If You Suspect a Severe Infestation

If you suspect a severe termite infestation, it’s best to call a professional pest control company. They have the expertise and equipment to effectively treat the infestation and prevent further damage.

Case Study: The Importance of Professional Help

I once tried to treat a severe termite infestation on my own, but I quickly realized that I was out of my depth. I hired a professional pest control company, and they were able to eliminate the termites and prevent them from returning. Sometimes, it’s best to leave it to the experts.

Next Steps and Additional Resources

Now that you know how to treat termites in wood, here are some next steps you can take:

Schedule a Termite Inspection: If you haven’t already, schedule a professional termite inspection.
Implement Preventive Measures: Start implementing preventive measures, such as moisture control and soil treatment.
Treat Existing Infestations: Treat any existing infestations using the methods described in this guide.
Monitor for Termite Activity: Regularly monitor your home and wooden structures for signs of termite activity.

Additional Resources:

National Pest Management Association (NPMA): Provides information and resources on termite control and pest management.
Your Local Cooperative Extension Service: Offers information and advice on termite control and other pest-related issues.
Suppliers of Logging Tools and Drying Equipment: Forestry Suppliers, Bailey’s.
Termite Treatment and Woodcare Suppliers: Companies like Nisus Corporation (borate products) and Real Milk Paint Co. (natural wood finishes).

My Final Thoughts

Protecting your wood from termites is an ongoing process. By understanding termite behavior, implementing preventive measures, and treating infestations promptly, you can ensure the longevity and integrity of your wooden structures. Remember, knowledge is power, and with the right tools and strategies, you can win the battle against these destructive pests. Don’t be afraid to get your hands dirty and put these hacks into action. Your wood – and your wallet – will thank you for it. And remember, just like my grandfather taught me, a little bit of care goes a long way in preserving the beauty and value of wood.