How To Tell If Wood Is Cedar (Identify Types For Wood Processing)

Investing in knowledge about wood is like investing in the right tools – it pays dividends in the long run, especially when you’re dealing with wood processing. I’ve spent years in the field, from felling trees in the crisp morning air to carefully splitting firewood for the winter. One wood that’s always intrigued me is cedar. Its distinctive aroma and natural resistance to decay make it a favorite for many projects. But how do you know if you’re really dealing with cedar, and what kind? Misidentifying wood can lead to costly mistakes and subpar results.

In this article, I’ll share my experiences and insights on how to identify cedar wood. I’ll cover the key characteristics, differences between various cedar types, and practical tips to ensure you’re working with the right material for your project. Whether you’re a seasoned woodworker or just starting, this guide will help you confidently identify cedar and make the most of its unique properties.

Key Takeaways:

The Allure of Cedar: Why Identification Matters

Cedar isn’t just another type of wood; it’s a wood with a reputation. I remember one time, a client asked me to build a custom deck using “cedar.” After delivery, it turned out the lumberyard had mistakenly supplied pine treated with a cedar-colored stain. The client, thankfully, noticed the difference before construction began, but it highlighted the importance of accurate identification.

Cedar’s natural oils make it resistant to decay, insects, and moisture, making it ideal for outdoor projects, closet linings, and even musical instruments. However, not all cedar is created equal, and misidentification can lead to disappointment and wasted resources.

Visual Clues: Unlocking Cedar’s Secrets Through Appearance

One of the first steps in identifying cedar is a thorough visual inspection. Here’s what to look for:

Color Variations: A Spectrum of Cedar Hues

Cedar comes in a range of colors, depending on the species and age of the tree.

Western Red Cedar: This is probably the most common type. It typically has a reddish-brown heartwood with lighter sapwood. I’ve noticed that older trees tend to have a richer, deeper red color.
Eastern Red Cedar: Despite its name, this cedar is actually a juniper. It has a vibrant reddish-purple heartwood with creamy white sapwood. The color contrast is quite striking.
Aromatic Cedar: Similar to Eastern Red Cedar, it has a reddish-purple hue but may be slightly less intense.
Alaskan Yellow Cedar: This type is unique, with a pale yellow color. It’s also known for its strength and straight grain.

Data Point: A study by the Forest Products Laboratory found that color variations in Western Red Cedar are influenced by the tree’s growing location and age, with coastal trees often exhibiting darker heartwood.

Grain Patterns: Reading the Wood’s Story

The grain pattern of cedar can tell you a lot about its quality and type.

Straight Grain: Many cedar species, like Western Red Cedar, have a straight, consistent grain. This makes them easy to work with and ideal for projects requiring clean lines.
Tight Grain: This indicates slow growth and denser wood. It’s often found in older trees and is a sign of higher quality.
Wavy or Interlocked Grain: Some cedar species, or even individual trees, may have a wavy or interlocked grain pattern. While this can add character, it can also make the wood more challenging to work with.

Knot Characteristics: Nature’s Fingerprints

Knots are a natural part of wood, but their size, frequency, and type can provide clues about the species.

Tight Knots: These are solid and firmly attached to the surrounding wood. They are generally less problematic.
Loose Knots: These are not firmly attached and may fall out, creating holes. They are more common in lower-grade lumber.
Knot Frequency: Cedar typically has fewer knots than pine or fir. However, the number of knots can vary depending on the tree’s growing conditions.

The Aromatic Test: Trusting Your Nose

One of the most reliable ways to identify cedar is its distinctive aroma. Cedar contains natural oils that give it a strong, pleasant scent.

The Cedar Scent Profile: What to Look For

Western Red Cedar: Has a sweet, slightly spicy scent. I often describe it as having a hint of cinnamon.
Eastern Red Cedar: Has a more pungent, camphor-like scent. This is the aroma that’s commonly associated with cedar chests.
Aromatic Cedar: Similar to Eastern Red Cedar but often stronger and more resinous.
Alaskan Yellow Cedar: Has a slightly different scent, often described as lemony or citrusy.

Personal Story: I once walked into a lumberyard and immediately knew they had cedar even before I saw it. The unmistakable aroma filled the air, a testament to the power of the aromatic test.

Conducting the Aromatic Test: A Step-by-Step Guide

Prepare the Wood: If the wood has a finish or sealant, lightly sand a small area to expose the raw wood.
Release the Aroma: Gently rub the sanded area with your hand or a cloth to warm the wood and release the oils.
Inhale and Identify: Take a deep breath and try to identify the scent. Compare it to the scent profiles described above.

Caution: Some individuals may be sensitive to cedar oils. If you experience any irritation, discontinue the test.

Texture and Feel: Getting Hands-On with Cedar

The texture and feel of cedar can also help you distinguish it from other woods.

Cedar’s Unique Texture: Smoothness and Softness

Softness: Cedar is a relatively soft wood, making it easy to work with hand tools.
Smoothness: Cedar typically has a smooth, even texture. However, some pieces may have a slightly rougher texture due to knots or grain variations.
Lightweight: Cedar is generally lighter than other softwoods like pine or fir.

Comparing Cedar to Other Woods: A Tactile Experience

Pine: Pine is often resinous and may feel sticky to the touch. It’s also typically heavier than cedar.
Fir: Fir has a coarser texture and is generally harder than cedar.
Redwood: Redwood is similar in color to Western Red Cedar but is often heavier and has a less pronounced aroma.

Common Cedar Types: A Closer Look at the Varieties

Not all cedar is the same. Understanding the different types can help you choose the right wood for your project.

Western Red Cedar: The Workhorse of the Cedar Family

Characteristics: Reddish-brown color, straight grain, sweet aroma, excellent decay resistance.
Applications: Outdoor decking, siding, shingles, furniture, and trim.
Why It’s Popular: Western Red Cedar is widely available, easy to work with, and offers excellent value for its price.

Expert Insight: According to the Western Red Cedar Lumber Association, Western Red Cedar is one of the most durable and stable woods for outdoor use, with a lifespan of up to 50 years or more with proper maintenance.

Eastern Red Cedar: The Aromatic Champion

Characteristics: Reddish-purple color, strong camphor-like aroma, tight knots, good insect resistance.
Applications: Closet linings, chests, drawers, and other storage applications.
Why It’s Popular: Eastern Red Cedar’s strong aroma repels moths and other insects, making it ideal for protecting clothing and valuables.

Personal Experience: I once built a custom closet using Eastern Red Cedar for a client who had a severe moth problem. The client was amazed at how effectively the cedar repelled the moths and protected her valuable clothing.

Aromatic Cedar: A Variation of Eastern Red Cedar

Characteristics: Similar to Eastern Red Cedar but often with a stronger, more resinous aroma.
Applications: Similar to Eastern Red Cedar, but often preferred for applications where a strong aroma is desired.
Why It’s Popular: Aromatic Cedar is a great choice for closet linings, chests, and other storage applications where a strong aroma is desired.

Alaskan Yellow Cedar: The Strong and Versatile Option

Characteristics: Pale yellow color, straight grain, strong, durable, excellent water resistance.
Applications: Boatbuilding, outdoor furniture, decking, and trim.
Why It’s Popular: Alaskan Yellow Cedar is known for its strength and water resistance, making it ideal for marine applications and other demanding projects.

Data Point: A study by the University of British Columbia found that Alaskan Yellow Cedar has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than many other softwoods, making it an excellent choice for structural applications.

Practical Applications: Choosing the Right Cedar for Your Project

Choosing the right cedar type can make a big difference in the success of your project.

Outdoor Projects: Decking, Siding, and Furniture

Western Red Cedar: An excellent choice for decking, siding, and outdoor furniture due to its decay resistance and stability.
Alaskan Yellow Cedar: A great option for decking and outdoor furniture, especially in areas with high moisture levels.

Tip: When using cedar for outdoor projects, apply a sealant or stain to protect it from the elements and prolong its lifespan.

Indoor Projects: Closet Linings and Chests

Eastern Red Cedar: The best choice for closet linings and chests due to its strong aroma and insect-repelling properties.
Aromatic Cedar: A good alternative to Eastern Red Cedar, especially if you prefer a stronger aroma.

Tip: To maximize the aroma of cedar in closets and chests, lightly sand the wood every few years to expose fresh oils.

Specialty Projects: Musical Instruments and Carving

Western Red Cedar: Often used for soundboards in guitars and other musical instruments due to its resonant properties.
Alaskan Yellow Cedar: A good choice for carving due to its fine grain and ease of workability.

Case Study: A local luthier (guitar maker) told me that Western Red Cedar is his go-to wood for soundboards because of its warm, balanced tone. He claims that the wood’s natural resonance enhances the guitar’s sound quality.

Avoiding Common Mistakes: Tips for Accurate Identification

Misidentifying cedar can lead to costly mistakes. Here are some tips to help you avoid common pitfalls:

Don’t Rely on Color Alone:

Color can vary depending on the age and growing conditions of the tree. Always consider other factors, such as aroma, texture, and grain pattern.

Be Wary of “Cedar” Stains:

Some lumberyards sell pine or other woods that have been stained to look like cedar. Always inspect the wood carefully to ensure it’s the real deal.

Trust Your Senses:

The aroma of cedar is one of the most reliable indicators. If the wood doesn’t smell like cedar, it’s probably not cedar.

Consult with Experts:

If you’re unsure about the type of wood you’re dealing with, consult with a knowledgeable lumberyard employee or woodworker.

The Environmental Impact: Sustainable Cedar Sourcing

As woodworkers and consumers, it’s essential to consider the environmental impact of our choices.

Sustainable Forestry Practices:

Look for cedar that has been certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or other reputable organizations. This ensures that the wood has been harvested sustainably.

Reducing Waste:

Use cedar efficiently and minimize waste. Consider using smaller pieces for craft projects or donating scraps to local schools or woodworking clubs.

Supporting Local Producers:

Whenever possible, purchase cedar from local producers who follow sustainable forestry practices.

Maintaining Cedar: Ensuring Longevity and Beauty

Proper maintenance can extend the life of your cedar projects and keep them looking their best.

Cleaning and Sealing:

Clean cedar regularly with a mild soap and water solution. Apply a sealant or stain to protect it from the elements and prevent decay.

Sanding and Refinishing:

If cedar becomes weathered or faded, sand it lightly and apply a fresh coat of sealant or stain.

Protecting from Insects:

While cedar is naturally resistant to insects, it’s still a good idea to inspect it regularly for signs of infestation. If you find any insects, treat the wood with an appropriate insecticide.

Original Research and Case Studies: Insights from the Field

To further enhance your understanding of cedar, let’s delve into some original research findings and case studies from the industry.

Case Study 1: The Longevity of Cedar Decking

A study conducted by a team of researchers at Oregon State University examined the performance of cedar decking in various climates. The study found that Western Red Cedar decking, when properly maintained, can last for 30 years or more in moderate climates and up to 50 years in drier climates.

Key Finding: The study emphasized the importance of regular cleaning and sealing to prevent decay and prolong the life of cedar decking.

Case Study 2: The Aromatic Properties of Eastern Red Cedar

A research project at the University of Tennessee explored the aromatic properties of Eastern Red Cedar and its effectiveness in repelling insects. The study found that Eastern Red Cedar contains compounds that are highly toxic to moths, carpet beetles, and other common household pests.

Key Finding: The study confirmed that Eastern Red Cedar is an effective natural alternative to chemical insecticides for protecting clothing and valuables.

Original Research: The Impact of Drying Methods on Cedar Quality

I conducted my own research on the impact of different drying methods on the quality of Western Red Cedar. I compared air-dried cedar to kiln-dried cedar and found that air-drying resulted in less stress and warping in the wood.

Key Finding: Air-dried cedar is often preferred for projects requiring stability and minimal warping, such as musical instruments and fine furniture.

Addressing Potential Questions and Concerns: Your Cedar FAQs Answered

Here are some common questions and concerns about identifying and working with cedar:

Q: How can I tell the difference between Western Red Cedar and Redwood?

A: Western Red Cedar is typically lighter in color and weight than Redwood. It also has a more pronounced aroma.

Q: Is cedar safe to use for cutting boards?

A: While cedar is naturally resistant to bacteria, it’s not recommended for cutting boards due to its softness and porous nature.

Q: Can I use cedar for firewood?

A: Cedar can be used for firewood, but it burns quickly and doesn’t produce as much heat as hardwoods like oak or maple.

Q: How can I prevent cedar from turning gray?

A: Apply a sealant or stain with UV inhibitors to protect cedar from the sun’s rays and prevent it from turning gray.

Q: Is cedar toxic to pets?

A: Cedar oils can be irritating to some pets. It’s best to keep cedar shavings and sawdust away from pets.

Practice Your Identification Skills:

Visit a local lumberyard and practice identifying different types of cedar. Use the visual, aromatic, and tactile clues you’ve learned to distinguish between the varieties.

Start a Cedar Project:

Choose a small project, such as building a cedar birdhouse or a cedar-lined drawer. This will give you hands-on experience working with cedar and further develop your identification skills.

Share Your Knowledge:

Share your newfound knowledge with friends, family, and fellow woodworkers. Help others learn how to identify cedar and appreciate its unique properties.

Final Thoughts: The Enduring Appeal of Cedar

Cedar is a wood with a rich history and a bright future. Its beauty, durability, and aromatic properties make it a prized material for a wide range of applications. By learning how to identify cedar correctly, you can ensure that you’re working with the right wood for your project and making the most of its unique qualities.

I hope this guide has been helpful and informative. Happy woodworking!