How To Remove Shrub Roots Near Foundation (Pro Woodcutting Tips)

Understanding the Challenge: Why Shrub Roots Near Foundations Are Problematic

Before diving into the “how-to,” it’s crucial to understand why these roots are a problem in the first place. Shrub roots, especially those of fast-growing species, can pose several threats to your home’s foundation:

Physical Damage: As roots grow, they exert pressure on the surrounding soil. This pressure can lead to cracks in the foundation, especially in older or poorly constructed homes.
Moisture Imbalance: Roots extract moisture from the soil. While this is essential for the plant’s survival, it can cause the soil around the foundation to shrink. This shrinkage can lead to settling and, ultimately, foundation cracks.
Drainage Issues: Roots can infiltrate and clog drainage systems, such as weeping tiles, leading to water accumulation around the foundation. This can exacerbate moisture-related damage and create a breeding ground for mold and mildew.
Nutrient Depletion: Roots compete with other plants and even the soil itself for essential nutrients. This can weaken the soil structure over time, making it more susceptible to erosion and instability.

The Root of the Problem: Understanding Root Systems

To effectively remove shrub roots, I’ve learned that you need to understand their anatomy and behavior. Here are some key points to consider:

Taproots vs. Lateral Roots: Some shrubs have a dominant taproot that grows deep into the ground, while others have a network of lateral roots that spread out horizontally. Understanding the root structure will help you determine the best removal strategy.
Root Depth and Spread: The depth and spread of roots vary depending on the species, soil type, and water availability. Generally, roots tend to grow outwards as far as the plant’s branches extend.
Root Growth Patterns: Roots grow towards sources of water and nutrients. This is why they are often attracted to foundations, where moisture tends to accumulate.
Root Regeneration: Many shrubs can regenerate new shoots from root fragments left in the ground. This means that simply cutting off the main stem is not enough; you need to remove as much of the root system as possible.

Planning Your Root Removal Project: A Step-by-Step Approach

Before you even think about picking up a shovel or chainsaw, careful planning is essential. I always emphasize this to my clients. Rushing into this task can lead to costly mistakes and potential damage to your property.

1. Assessing the Situation

Identify the Shrub Species: Knowing the species of shrub will help you understand its root structure, growth habits, and potential for regeneration.
Evaluate the Foundation: Inspect your foundation for existing cracks or damage. Take photos to document the condition before you start working.
Locate Underground Utilities: Before you dig, call your local utility company to locate any underground lines (gas, water, electricity). This is crucial for your safety and to avoid costly repairs. In the US, call 811 before you dig.
Determine the Root Extent: Carefully excavate around the shrub to determine the extent of the root system. This will help you estimate the amount of work involved and choose the right tools.

2. Choosing the Right Tools

Selecting the appropriate tools is crucial for a safe and efficient root removal project. Here are some of my go-to tools:

Shovels: A sturdy shovel is essential for digging and removing soil around the roots. I prefer a pointed shovel for breaking through tough soil and a square shovel for scooping and lifting.
Pruning Shears and Loppers: These are useful for cutting smaller roots and branches. Choose high-quality shears with sharp blades for clean cuts.
Root Saw: A root saw is a specialized tool designed for cutting through thick roots. It has a long, narrow blade with aggressive teeth that can easily slice through wood.
Pickaxe or Mattock: These tools are great for breaking up hard soil and dislodging large roots.
Chainsaw: For larger roots or particularly stubborn shrubs, a chainsaw may be necessary. However, use extreme caution when using a chainsaw near a foundation. I always recommend wearing appropriate safety gear, including eye protection, hearing protection, and gloves.
Reciprocating Saw (Sawzall): This power tool, fitted with a demolition blade, can be very effective at cutting roots in tight spaces.
Pressure Washer: A pressure washer can be used to blast away soil and debris, making it easier to see and access the roots.
Wheelbarrow or Garden Cart: You’ll need a way to transport the removed roots and soil.
Safety Gear: Always wear safety glasses, gloves, sturdy boots, and hearing protection when working with power tools.

3. Developing a Removal Strategy

Based on your assessment of the situation, develop a clear removal strategy. Consider the following factors:

The size and type of shrub
The proximity of the roots to the foundation
The soil type
Your experience level with power tools
Your budget

Here are a few common removal strategies:

Manual Removal: This involves digging around the roots and cutting them away with hand tools. It is the most labor-intensive method but also the safest for your foundation.
Mechanical Removal: This involves using power tools, such as a chainsaw or reciprocating saw, to cut through the roots. It is faster than manual removal but also carries a higher risk of damage to the foundation.
Chemical Removal: This involves applying herbicides to kill the roots. It is the least labor-intensive method but can be harmful to the environment and may not be effective for all types of shrubs. I generally advise against this method unless it’s a last resort and you’re working with a professional.

The Art of Root Removal: Techniques and Best Practices

Now that you have a plan and the right tools, it’s time to get to work. Here are some techniques and best practices I’ve learned over the years:

1. Excavating Around the Roots

Start Wide: Begin by digging a wide trench around the base of the shrub, extending outwards as far as you think the roots might reach.
Work Carefully: Use your shovel to carefully remove soil, exposing the roots. Avoid hacking or chopping, as this can damage the roots and make them harder to remove.
Follow the Roots: As you excavate, follow the roots to their source. This will help you identify the main root system and ensure that you remove as much of it as possible.
Use Water to Your Advantage: If the soil is dry and compacted, use a garden hose to wet it down. This will make it easier to dig and loosen the roots.

2. Cutting and Removing the Roots

Make Clean Cuts: Use sharp pruning shears, loppers, or a root saw to make clean cuts. This will help the roots heal properly and prevent them from regenerating.
Cut at an Angle: When cutting larger roots, make the cut at a slight angle. This will help prevent water from pooling on the cut surface and promote healing.
Remove as Much as Possible: Try to remove as much of the root system as possible, including small roots and root fragments. This will reduce the chances of the shrub regrowing.
Work in Sections: If the root system is large and complex, work in sections. This will make the task more manageable and reduce the risk of accidentally damaging the foundation.

3. Dealing with Roots Close to the Foundation

This is where things get tricky. Removing roots too close to the foundation can weaken the surrounding soil and potentially cause damage. Here are some tips for dealing with roots in this situation:

Hand Removal is Key: In most cases, hand removal is the safest option. Use a small trowel or hand saw to carefully excavate around the roots and cut them away.
Avoid Using Power Tools: Power tools can easily slip and damage the foundation. Stick to hand tools for precision and control.
Support the Soil: As you remove the roots, backfill the area with soil or gravel to support the foundation. This will prevent the soil from collapsing and potentially causing damage.
Consider Root Barriers: After removing the roots, consider installing a root barrier to prevent future root growth near the foundation. Root barriers are typically made of plastic or metal and are buried in the ground to redirect root growth.

4. Chainsaw Safety Around Foundations

If you absolutely must use a chainsaw, here’s how I approach it with maximum caution:

Clear the Area: Ensure a clear, unobstructed work zone. Remove any rocks, debris, or other obstacles that could cause you to lose your footing or damage the saw.
Proper Stance: Maintain a stable stance with your feet shoulder-width apart. Keep your weight balanced and avoid overreaching.
Controlled Cuts: Make slow, deliberate cuts. Let the saw do the work and avoid forcing it.
Watch for Kickback: Be aware of the risk of chainsaw kickback, which can occur when the tip of the bar contacts a solid object. Use a chainsaw with a chain brake and always keep both hands firmly on the saw.
Avoid Contact with Foundation: Never allow the chainsaw blade to come into contact with the foundation. This can cause serious damage.
Consider Alternatives: Before resorting to a chainsaw, explore other options, such as a reciprocating saw or hand tools. These may be safer and more precise for removing roots near a foundation.

5. Alternative Root Removal Methods

Root Pruning: Root pruning involves cutting back the roots of a shrub or tree to control its size and growth. This can be a good option if you want to keep the shrub but prevent its roots from damaging the foundation.
Biobarrier: This is a geotextile fabric impregnated with a herbicide. It’s buried in the soil to prevent root growth in a specific area.
Copper Sulfate: Copper sulfate can be used to kill roots in sewer lines, but it should be used with caution as it can also harm other plants and contaminate the soil. I don’t recommend this unless you’re working with a professional.

Post-Removal Care: Protecting Your Foundation

Once you’ve removed the roots, it’s important to take steps to protect your foundation from future damage.

1. Backfilling and Compacting the Soil

Use Appropriate Fill Material: Use a well-draining fill material, such as gravel or sand, to backfill the excavated area. This will help prevent water from accumulating around the foundation.
Compact the Soil: Compact the fill material in layers to prevent settling. Use a hand tamper or a plate compactor for larger areas.

2. Improving Drainage

Check Your Gutters and Downspouts: Make sure your gutters and downspouts are clean and functioning properly. Redirect water away from the foundation.
Install a French Drain: A French drain is a trench filled with gravel that helps to divert water away from the foundation.
Grade the Soil: Grade the soil around the foundation so that it slopes away from the house. This will help prevent water from pooling near the foundation.

3. Applying a Root Barrier

Choose the Right Material: Select a root barrier that is appropriate for your soil type and climate.
Install Properly: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for installing the root barrier. Make sure it is buried deep enough to prevent roots from growing underneath it.

4. Monitoring the Foundation

Regular Inspections: Regularly inspect your foundation for cracks or other signs of damage.
Address Problems Promptly: If you notice any problems, address them promptly to prevent them from getting worse.
Consider Professional Help: If you are concerned about the stability of your foundation, consult with a structural engineer.

The Science Behind Wood and Root Behavior

Understanding the science behind wood and root behavior can significantly improve your root removal techniques.

1. Wood Anatomy and Properties

Cell Structure: Wood is composed of cells that provide strength and support. The arrangement and type of cells vary depending on the species of tree.
Moisture Content: The moisture content of wood affects its strength, density, and susceptibility to decay. Roots are typically high in moisture, which makes them easier to cut but also more prone to rot if left in the ground.
Density: The density of wood varies depending on the species. Hardwoods are generally denser than softwoods, which means they are more resistant to decay and insect damage.
Grain: The grain of wood refers to the direction of the wood fibers. Cutting with the grain is easier than cutting against the grain.

2. Root Physiology

Water Uptake: Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil and transport them to the rest of the plant.
Root Growth: Roots grow in response to environmental factors, such as water availability, nutrient levels, and soil temperature.
Root Respiration: Roots require oxygen to survive. Compacted soil can restrict oxygen flow to the roots, which can weaken the plant.
Root Communication: Roots can communicate with each other through chemical signals. This allows them to coordinate their growth and defense mechanisms.

3. Soil Mechanics

Soil Composition: Soil is composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, and air. The composition of the soil affects its drainage, aeration, and nutrient content.
Soil Structure: Soil structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles. Well-structured soil has good drainage and aeration, which promotes root growth.
Soil Compaction: Soil compaction occurs when soil particles are pressed together, reducing pore space and restricting root growth.
Soil Erosion: Soil erosion is the process of soil being carried away by wind or water. This can weaken the soil structure and expose roots.

Case Studies: Real-World Root Removal Projects

To illustrate the principles and techniques discussed above, here are a few case studies from my own experience:

Case Study 1: The Overgrown Boxwood

Problem: A large boxwood shrub was planted too close to the foundation of a client’s home. The roots had grown under the foundation and were causing cracks in the basement walls.
Solution: I carefully excavated around the shrub, exposing the roots. I used a combination of hand tools and a reciprocating saw to cut away the roots. I then backfilled the area with gravel and installed a root barrier.
Result: The cracks in the basement walls were repaired, and the boxwood shrub was relocated to a more suitable location.

Case Study 2: The Invasive Bamboo

Problem: A neighbor’s bamboo had spread into my client’s yard and was threatening to damage the foundation of their garage.
Solution: I used a combination of manual removal and chemical treatment to eradicate the bamboo. I dug a trench around the perimeter of the affected area and installed a root barrier. I then applied a systemic herbicide to kill any remaining bamboo shoots.
Result: The bamboo was successfully eradicated, and the garage foundation was protected from future damage.

Case Study 3: The Mature Maple Tree

Problem: A mature maple tree was planted too close to a client’s home. The roots had grown under the foundation and were causing the sidewalk to buckle.
Solution: I consulted with an arborist to determine the best course of action. We decided to root prune the tree to reduce its size and prevent further damage. I carefully excavated around the roots and cut them back with a root saw. I then backfilled the area with soil and installed a root barrier.
Result: The sidewalk was repaired, and the maple tree was able to continue growing without causing further damage to the foundation.

Addressing Common Concerns and FAQs

Here are some common concerns and frequently asked questions about removing shrub roots near foundations:

Q: Will removing the roots weaken the shrub?
- A: Yes, removing a significant portion of the root system can weaken the shrub. However, if the roots are causing damage to the foundation, it is often necessary to remove them. You can help the shrub recover by providing it with plenty of water and nutrients after the root removal.
Q: How do I dispose of the removed roots?
- A: You can dispose of the removed roots in several ways. You can compost them, burn them (where permitted), or take them to a local landfill.
Q: Can I use herbicides to kill the roots?
- A: Herbicides can be effective for killing roots, but they should be used with caution. Some herbicides can be harmful to the environment and may not be effective for all types of shrubs. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions when using herbicides.
Q: How much does it cost to remove shrub roots near a foundation?
- A: The cost of removing shrub roots near a foundation can vary depending on the size and type of shrub, the extent of the root system, and the complexity of the project. It is best to get a quote from a professional contractor.
Q: Do I need a permit to remove shrub roots near a foundation?
- A: In some cases, you may need a permit to remove shrub roots near a foundation. Check with your local municipality to determine if a permit is required.

The Ethical Considerations of Root Removal

As someone who works with wood and land management, I believe it’s important to consider the ethical implications of our actions. Removing shrubs and trees, even when necessary, can have an impact on the environment and the local ecosystem.

Environmental Impact: Removing shrubs and trees can contribute to soil erosion, habitat loss, and climate change. It’s important to consider the environmental impact of your actions and take steps to minimize it.
Wildlife Habitat: Shrubs and trees provide habitat for a variety of wildlife species. Removing them can disrupt the local ecosystem and displace animals.
Aesthetic Value: Shrubs and trees add aesthetic value to our homes and communities. Removing them can diminish the beauty of our surroundings.

Before removing a shrub or tree, consider the following:

Is it truly necessary?
Are there any alternatives?
Can I minimize the impact on the environment and wildlife?
Can I replace the shrub or tree with a native species?

Staying Updated: Current Trends and Innovations

The field of arboriculture and root management is constantly evolving. Here are some current trends and innovations to be aware of:

Root Growth Regulators: These are chemicals that can be applied to the soil to slow down root growth without killing the plant.
Air Spading: This technique uses compressed air to remove soil around roots without damaging them. It is often used to expose roots for inspection or treatment.
Mycorrhizal Inoculation: Mycorrhizae are beneficial fungi that form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots. Inoculating the soil with mycorrhizae can improve root growth and nutrient uptake.
Precision Root Pruning: This involves using specialized tools and techniques to selectively prune roots without damaging the tree.

Conclusion: Protecting Your Foundation with Knowledge and Skill

Removing shrub roots near a foundation is a challenging task that requires careful planning, the right tools, and a solid understanding of root behavior. By following the tips and techniques outlined in this guide, you can safely and effectively remove roots while minimizing the risk of damage to your home. Remember to always prioritize safety, consider the ethical implications of your actions, and stay updated on the latest trends and innovations in the field.

The key takeaway is that prevention is always better than cure. Plant shrubs and trees a safe distance from your foundation, maintain proper drainage, and regularly inspect your foundation for signs of damage. By taking these steps, you can protect your home from the costly and frustrating problems caused by invasive roots. And if you’re ever in doubt, don’t hesitate to consult with a professional arborist or foundation specialist.