How to Grow Ginkgo Biloba Tree Straight (Pro Arborist Tips)

Growing a Legacy: How to Grow a Ginkgo Biloba Tree Straight (Pro Arborist Tips)

In an era where sustainability isn’t just a buzzword but a necessity, planting a tree feels more significant than ever. As someone who has spent years working with wood, from felling trees to crafting intricate pieces, I’ve come to deeply respect the life cycle of trees and the profound impact they have on our environment. One tree, in particular, has always captured my imagination: the Ginkgo Biloba. Not just for its fan-shaped leaves that turn a brilliant gold in the fall, but for its resilience, its history stretching back millions of years, and its potential to be a stunning, enduring feature in any landscape.

Growing a Ginkgo is an investment in the future, a tangible contribution to a greener world. But, like any worthwhile endeavor, it requires knowledge, patience, and a little bit of skill. One of the most common challenges I see is Ginkgo trees developing crooked trunks or undesirable branching patterns. So, I’m sharing my pro arborist tips on how to cultivate a Ginkgo Biloba tree that grows straight and strong, ensuring it becomes a majestic specimen for generations to come.

Key Takeaways:

• Early Pruning is Crucial: Shaping a Ginkgo starts young. Regular, strategic pruning in the first few years is key to establishing a strong, straight central leader.
• Staking for Support: Providing physical support, especially in windy areas, helps the young tree grow upright.
• Proper Planting Matters: Ensuring the right planting depth and soil conditions sets the foundation for healthy, straight growth.
• Sunlight is Essential: Ginkgos need plenty of sunlight to thrive and develop a strong trunk.
• Patience is a Virtue: Growing a Ginkgo is a long-term project. Consistent care and attention over several years are necessary to achieve the desired results.

Understanding the Ginkgo Biloba

Before we dive into the “how-to,” let’s appreciate what makes the Ginkgo so special. Often called a “living fossil,” the Ginkgo Biloba is one of the oldest tree species on Earth, dating back over 270 million years. Its remarkable resilience has allowed it to survive ice ages and other environmental upheavals.

• Unique Characteristics: Ginkgos are deciduous trees known for their distinctive fan-shaped leaves, which turn a vibrant golden yellow in the fall. They are dioecious, meaning individual trees are either male or female. Female trees produce seeds that, while edible, have a rather unpleasant odor. For this reason, male cultivars are typically preferred for landscaping.
• Size and Growth Rate: Ginkgos are relatively slow-growing trees, typically adding about 1-2 feet of height per year. Mature trees can reach impressive sizes, often exceeding 80 feet in height and 30 feet in width.
• Hardiness: Ginkgos are incredibly adaptable and can tolerate a wide range of soil conditions, including compacted soils, pollution, and drought. They are hardy in USDA zones 3-8.
• Longevity: These trees are known for their exceptional lifespan, often living for hundreds, even thousands, of years.

Choosing the Right Ginkgo

The first step in growing a straight Ginkgo is selecting the right tree. Consider these factors:

• Cultivar: As I mentioned, you’ll likely want to choose a male cultivar to avoid the messy and odorous fruit of female trees. Popular male cultivars include ‘Autumn Gold,’ ‘Princeton Sentry,’ and ‘Fairmount.’
• Size: Purchase a young tree that is manageable to plant and care for. A 5-7 foot tree is a good starting point.
• Health: Inspect the tree for any signs of disease or insect infestation. Look for a healthy, well-developed root system and a straight, undamaged trunk.
• Form: Even at a young age, try to select a tree with a relatively straight central leader. This will give you a head start in training it to grow upright.

Site Selection and Preparation

Choosing the right location is crucial for the long-term health and growth of your Ginkgo.

• Sunlight: Ginkgos need at least six hours of direct sunlight per day to thrive.
• Soil: While Ginkgos are adaptable, they prefer well-drained soil. Avoid planting in areas with standing water or heavy clay soil. If your soil is poor, amend it with compost or other organic matter.
• Space: Consider the mature size of the tree when selecting a location. Ginkgos need plenty of room to grow and should be planted away from buildings, power lines, and other obstructions. A good rule of thumb is to allow at least 30 feet of clearance in all directions.
• Wind Protection: While Ginkgos are relatively wind-tolerant, young trees can benefit from some protection from strong winds. Consider planting in a sheltered location or providing temporary windbreaks.

Preparing the Planting Hole:

1. Dig a hole: Dig a hole that is twice as wide as the root ball and just as deep.
2. Loosen the soil: Loosen the soil on the sides of the hole to encourage root growth.
3. Amend the soil: If necessary, amend the soil with compost or other organic matter. Mix the amendment thoroughly with the existing soil.

Planting Your Ginkgo

Now comes the exciting part: planting your Ginkgo tree.

1. Remove the tree from the container: Gently remove the tree from its container. If the roots are circling the pot, gently loosen them before planting. You can use a sharp knife to make a few vertical cuts through the root ball to encourage outward growth.
2. Position the tree: Place the tree in the center of the hole, ensuring that the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. It’s crucial not to plant the tree too deep, as this can lead to root rot. I’ve seen countless trees fail because they were planted too deep.
3. Backfill the hole: Backfill the hole with the amended soil, gently tamping it down to remove air pockets.
4. Water thoroughly: Water the tree thoroughly after planting to settle the soil.
5. Mulch: Apply a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around the base of the tree, keeping the mulch a few inches away from the trunk. Mulch helps to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. I prefer using shredded hardwood mulch, but other organic mulches like wood chips or pine straw are also suitable.

Staking for Straight Growth

Staking is an essential step in ensuring your Ginkgo grows straight, especially during its early years.

• Why Stake? Young Ginkgo trees can be susceptible to wind damage, which can cause them to lean or develop crooked trunks. Staking provides support and encourages the tree to grow upright.

• How to Stake:

  1. Use two stakes: Drive two sturdy stakes into the ground on opposite sides of the tree, about 1-2 feet away from the trunk.
  2. Use soft ties: Use soft, flexible ties to attach the tree to the stakes. Avoid using wire or other materials that can damage the bark. I recommend using tree ties made of nylon or rubber.
  3. Allow for movement: Don’t tie the tree too tightly to the stakes. Allow it some movement to encourage trunk development. The goal is to provide support, not to immobilize the tree.
  4. Remove the stakes: Remove the stakes after one to two growing seasons, once the tree has developed a strong enough trunk to support itself. Leaving the stakes on for too long can weaken the trunk and make the tree dependent on the support.
  5. Alternative Staking Methods: In windy areas, you might consider using a three-stake system for added stability. Another option is to use a single, flexible stake that allows the tree to move more freely.

Pruning for Form and Structure

Pruning is arguably the most critical aspect of training a Ginkgo to grow straight. Regular, strategic pruning in the first few years will establish a strong central leader and create a well-balanced crown.

• Timing: The best time to prune Ginkgos is in late winter or early spring, before new growth begins.
• Tools: Use sharp, clean pruning tools to make clean cuts. I recommend using bypass pruners for smaller branches and a pruning saw for larger branches. Always disinfect your tools with rubbing alcohol before and after pruning to prevent the spread of disease.

• Establishing a Central Leader:

  1. Identify the dominant leader: Choose the strongest, most upright branch to be the central leader.
  2. Remove competing leaders: Remove any other branches that are competing with the central leader. Cut them back to the trunk or to a lateral branch.
  3. Shorten the leader: If the central leader is excessively long or spindly, shorten it by about one-third to encourage branching.

  4. Removing Problem Branches:

  5. Dead, damaged, or diseased branches: Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches as soon as you notice them.
  6. Crossing or rubbing branches: Remove any branches that are crossing or rubbing against each other. These branches can create wounds that are susceptible to disease.
  7. Water sprouts and suckers: Remove any water sprouts (vigorous, upright shoots that grow from the trunk or branches) and suckers (shoots that grow from the roots). These shoots can detract from the tree’s overall form and vigor.
  8. Branches growing inward: Remove branches growing inward towards the center of the tree. These branches can create a crowded canopy and reduce air circulation.

  9. Maintaining a Balanced Crown:

  10. Space branches evenly: Encourage even spacing of branches around the trunk. This will create a well-balanced crown that can withstand wind and snow loads.

  11. Prune for shape: Prune to maintain the desired shape of the tree. Ginkgos can be pruned into a variety of shapes, from a formal, upright form to a more natural, spreading form.

Pruning Tips from the Pros:

• Don’t over-prune: Avoid removing more than 25% of the tree’s foliage in a single pruning session. Over-pruning can stress the tree and make it more susceptible to pests and diseases.
• Make clean cuts: Always make clean cuts just outside the branch collar (the swollen area at the base of the branch). Avoid leaving stubs, as these can be entry points for decay organisms.
• Step back and assess: After each cut, step back and assess the tree’s overall shape and balance. Make adjustments as needed.
• Consider hiring a professional: If you are unsure about how to prune your Ginkgo, consider hiring a certified arborist. A professional arborist can provide expert advice and ensure that the tree is pruned correctly.

Watering and Fertilizing

Proper watering and fertilization are essential for the health and vigor of your Ginkgo.

• Watering:

  • Newly planted trees: Water newly planted trees deeply and regularly, especially during the first growing season. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
  • Established trees: Established Ginkgos are relatively drought-tolerant, but they still benefit from occasional watering during dry periods. Water deeply and infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings.
  • Avoid overwatering: Overwatering can lead to root rot, so be careful not to water too frequently.

  • Fertilizing:

  • Soil testing: Before fertilizing, it’s a good idea to have your soil tested to determine its nutrient content. This will help you choose the right fertilizer for your tree.

  • Fertilizer type: Ginkgos generally don’t require heavy fertilization. A balanced fertilizer with a ratio of 10-10-10 or 12-12-12 is usually sufficient.
  • Application rate: Follow the instructions on the fertilizer label for application rates. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can damage the tree.
  • Timing: Fertilize in early spring, before new growth begins.
  • Organic options: If you prefer organic fertilizers, you can use compost, manure, or other organic materials.

Pest and Disease Management

Ginkgos are generally resistant to pests and diseases, but they can occasionally be affected by certain problems.

• Common Pests:

  • Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that can cause yellowing and stippling of the leaves. They are most common during hot, dry weather. Control spider mites with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.
  • Scale insects: Scale insects are small, immobile pests that attach themselves to the branches and suck sap from the tree. Control scale insects with horticultural oil or systemic insecticides.

  • Common Diseases:

  • Root rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that can occur in poorly drained soils. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and dieback of branches. Prevent root rot by planting in well-drained soil and avoiding overwatering.

  • Leaf spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes spots on the leaves. It is usually not a serious problem, but it can be unsightly. Control leaf spot with fungicides.

Preventive Measures:

• Maintain good tree health: Healthy trees are more resistant to pests and diseases. Provide proper watering, fertilization, and pruning to keep your Ginkgo healthy.
• Monitor regularly: Inspect your tree regularly for signs of pests or diseases. Catching problems early can make them easier to control.
• Use integrated pest management (IPM): IPM is a holistic approach to pest management that emphasizes prevention and uses chemical controls only as a last resort.

Winter Protection

Young Ginkgo trees can be susceptible to winter damage, especially in colder climates.

• Mulching: Apply a thick layer of mulch around the base of the tree to insulate the roots and protect them from freezing temperatures.
• Wrapping the trunk: Wrap the trunk of the tree with burlap or tree wrap to protect it from sunscald and frost cracks.
• Wind protection: Provide temporary windbreaks to protect the tree from strong winter winds.
• De-icing salts: Avoid using de-icing salts near the tree, as they can damage the roots.

Long-Term Care

Growing a Ginkgo Biloba tree straight is a long-term commitment. Consistent care and attention over many years are necessary to achieve the desired results.

• Continue pruning: Continue pruning the tree regularly to maintain its shape and structure.
• Monitor for pests and diseases: Monitor the tree regularly for signs of pests and diseases.
• Water and fertilize as needed: Water and fertilize the tree as needed, based on soil conditions and the tree’s overall health.
• Enjoy the beauty: Take time to enjoy the beauty of your Ginkgo tree and appreciate the legacy you are creating.

My Personal Experiences and Insights

Over the years, I’ve had the privilege of working with Ginkgo trees in various settings, from urban landscapes to private gardens. One experience, in particular, stands out. I was tasked with restoring a neglected Ginkgo in a historic park. The tree had been severely pruned in the past, resulting in a misshapen crown and a weak central leader. It took several years of careful pruning and staking to restore the tree to its former glory. Seeing the tree thrive again was incredibly rewarding and reinforced my belief in the power of proper tree care.

Another insight I’ve gained is the importance of patience. Ginkgos are not fast-growing trees. It takes time and dedication to train them to grow straight and strong. Don’t get discouraged if you don’t see immediate results. Just keep following the steps outlined in this article, and you will eventually be rewarded with a beautiful, majestic tree.

Case Studies and Research Findings

While much of the information I’ve shared is based on my own experience and observations, it’s also supported by scientific research and case studies.

• A study published in the Journal of Arboriculture found that staking young trees significantly reduces the incidence of wind damage and promotes straight growth.
• Research conducted by the University of California, Davis, showed that proper pruning techniques can improve the structural integrity of trees and reduce the risk of failure.
• A case study of Ginkgo trees in urban environments found that trees planted in well-drained soil with adequate sunlight exhibited significantly better growth rates and overall health.

These findings underscore the importance of following best practices for planting, staking, pruning, and caring for Ginkgo trees.

Conclusion: A Legacy in the Making

Growing a Ginkgo Biloba tree straight is a rewarding endeavor that requires knowledge, patience, and dedication. By following the tips and techniques outlined in this article, you can cultivate a majestic tree that will provide beauty and enjoyment for generations to come. Remember to choose the right cultivar, select a suitable planting site, stake and prune the tree properly, and provide regular care. With a little effort, you can create a living legacy that will stand the test of time.

So, grab your shovel, choose your Ginkgo, and get planting! The future of our planet, and the beauty of our landscapes, depends on it. And who knows, maybe one day, someone will be writing about the magnificent Ginkgo you planted, a testament to your vision and dedication. That’s a legacy worth cultivating.

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