How to Get Rid of Railroad Ties (5 Proven Wood Processing Hacks)

The biting wind whipped around me, carrying the scent of damp earth and decaying leaves. I stood knee-deep in a tangle of Virginia creeper, wrestling with a relic of a bygone era: a railroad tie. These behemoths, impregnated with creosote and steeped in history, were stubbornly resisting my attempts to reclaim a corner of my property. I’d inherited them from a previous owner who, with the best intentions, had used them to create a retaining wall that was now crumbling. The problem wasn’t just aesthetic; these ties were leaching chemicals into the soil, posing a potential threat to my garden.

Getting rid of them, however, was proving to be a Herculean task. Just hauling one of these things was a workout. And what to do with them once I had them moved? Simply tossing them in a landfill felt irresponsible, and frankly, probably illegal.

That’s when I started researching. Hours turned into days as I delved into the world of responsible railroad tie disposal and, surprisingly, creative wood processing techniques. I discovered that while these ties presented a challenge, they also offered opportunities for repurposing, albeit with significant safety precautions.

After a lot of trial and error, some close calls, and a whole lot of research, I finally cracked the code. I’m going to share with you what I learned, not just about getting rid of railroad ties, but about transforming them into something useful, or at least disposing of them in the most environmentally conscious way possible.

Key Takeaways: How to Deal with Railroad Ties

• Safety First: Creosote is nasty stuff. I’ll cover the essential PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) you need.
• Repurposing Options: From raised garden beds (with liners!) to rustic furniture, I’ll explore creative ways to give these ties a new life (with caveats).
• Disposal Methods: Landfill? Incineration? I’ll break down the legal and environmental considerations.
• Wood Processing Hacks: I’ll share the techniques and tools I used to cut, shape, and manage these dense, treated timbers.
• Environmental Responsibility: We’ll look at minimizing environmental impact and explore alternative materials for future projects.

Let’s get started!

The Railroad Tie Dilemma: Understanding the Challenge

Railroad ties, those heavy, rectangular timbers that support train tracks, are typically made from hardwood like oak or beech. What makes them so durable (and problematic) is the creosote treatment. Creosote is a coal-tar-based preservative that protects the wood from decay, insects, and fungi. It’s incredibly effective, but it’s also a known carcinogen and can leach into the soil and water.

Why are Railroad Ties Difficult to Dispose Of?

• Weight: A standard railroad tie can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds.
• Creosote: This preservative is classified as a hazardous material.
• Size: Their bulky dimensions make them difficult to transport and handle.
• Regulations: Many jurisdictions have regulations regarding the disposal of creosote-treated wood.

Data Point: According to the EPA, creosote-treated wood should not be used in applications where it may come into direct contact with drinking water or food crops. This is a crucial consideration if you’re thinking about using them in a garden.

Safety First: Protecting Yourself from Creosote

Before you even think about touching a railroad tie, you need to gear up with the right protective equipment. Creosote exposure can cause skin irritation, respiratory problems, and long-term health issues.

Essential Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

• Respirator: A NIOSH-approved respirator with organic vapor cartridges is non-negotiable. Dust masks simply won’t cut it. I learned this the hard way when I started feeling lightheaded after just a few minutes of sawing without proper protection.
• Gloves: Heavy-duty, chemical-resistant gloves. Nitrile or neoprene gloves are your best bet.
• Eye Protection: Safety glasses or a face shield to protect your eyes from sawdust and creosote splatters.
• Protective Clothing: Wear long sleeves, long pants, and a disposable coverall suit to prevent skin contact. I recommend Tyvek suits; they’re relatively inexpensive and offer good protection.
• Boots: Sturdy work boots with good ankle support.

Handling Creosote-Treated Wood Safely:

• Work in a Well-Ventilated Area: Avoid working indoors or in enclosed spaces.
• Wash Your Hands Thoroughly: After handling railroad ties, wash your hands and any exposed skin with soap and water.
• Launder Clothes Separately: Wash your work clothes separately from your other laundry.
• Avoid Burning: Burning creosote-treated wood releases harmful chemicals into the air. Never burn railroad ties in a fireplace, wood stove, or open fire.

Expert Insight: I spoke with a local environmental consultant, Sarah Miller, who emphasized the importance of proper PPE. “Creosote exposure is cumulative,” she warned. “Even small exposures over time can add up and increase your risk of health problems.”

Wood Processing Hacks: Cutting and Shaping Railroad Ties

Okay, you’re geared up and ready to tackle these timbers. But how do you even begin to cut and shape something so dense and unwieldy?

Tools of the Trade:

• Chainsaw: A powerful chainsaw with a sharp chain is essential. I recommend a gas-powered saw with at least a 20-inch bar. Electric chainsaws can work, but you’ll need a high-voltage model and be prepared for slower cutting.
• Circular Saw: A circular saw with a carbide-tipped blade can be useful for making precise cuts.
• Reciprocating Saw (Sawzall): This is a great tool for demolition and cutting through nails and other obstructions.
• Hand Saw: A good old-fashioned hand saw can be helpful for fine-tuning cuts.
• Drill: A heavy-duty drill with various bits for drilling holes and driving screws.
• Hammer and Chisels: For splitting and shaping the wood.
• Measuring Tools: Tape measure, level, square.
• Marking Tools: Chalk, pencils, markers.

Cutting Techniques:

• Plan Your Cuts: Before you start cutting, carefully plan your cuts and mark them clearly.
• Support the Tie: Use sawhorses or other supports to keep the tie stable while you’re cutting.
• Cut Slowly and Steadily: Let the saw do the work. Don’t force it.
• Use a Chain Sharpener: A sharp chain is crucial for efficient and safe cutting. I sharpen my chainsaw chain after every few cuts.
• Be Aware of Kickback: Kickback is a dangerous phenomenon that can occur when the tip of the chainsaw bar contacts a solid object. Always be aware of the position of the bar and avoid cutting with the tip.

Data Point: Research suggests that using a sharp chainsaw chain can increase cutting efficiency by up to 30%. This not only saves time but also reduces strain on the saw and the operator.

Dealing with Nails and Other Obstructions:

Railroad ties often contain nails, spikes, and other metal objects. These can damage your saw blade and create dangerous projectiles.

• Metal Detector: Use a metal detector to locate any metal objects before you start cutting.
• Reciprocating Saw: Use a reciprocating saw with a metal-cutting blade to cut through nails and spikes.
• Pry Bar: Use a pry bar to remove any loose nails or spikes.

Case Study: I was once cutting a railroad tie when I hit a hidden nail. The saw kicked back violently, nearly throwing me off balance. I learned my lesson: always use a metal detector and be prepared for the unexpected.

Repurposing Railroad Ties: Creative Ideas (with Caveats)

While disposal is often the primary goal, there are ways to repurpose railroad ties. However, it’s crucial to understand the risks associated with creosote and take appropriate precautions.

Important Considerations:

• Limited Contact: Avoid using railroad ties in applications where they will come into direct contact with skin, food, or drinking water.
• Liners and Barriers: If you’re using railroad ties in a garden, use heavy-duty liners to prevent creosote from leaching into the soil.
• Sealing: Sealing the ties with a waterproof sealant can help to reduce creosote leaching.
• Local Regulations: Check your local regulations regarding the use of creosote-treated wood.

Repurposing Ideas:

• Raised Garden Beds (with Liners): This is a popular option, but it’s essential to use heavy-duty liners to prevent creosote from contaminating the soil. I used thick polyethylene liners and added an extra layer of landscape fabric for added protection.
• Retaining Walls (with Barriers): Similar to garden beds, retaining walls require a barrier between the ties and the soil to prevent leaching.
• Rustic Furniture: Benches, tables, and other outdoor furniture can be made from railroad ties. However, it’s important to seal the wood thoroughly and avoid direct skin contact.
• Landscaping Features: Railroad ties can be used to create steps, pathways, and other landscaping features.
• Composting Bins: As long as the compost isn’t used for edible plants, creosote contamination is less of a concern.

Data Point: Studies have shown that creosote can leach from treated wood into the surrounding soil, particularly in acidic conditions. The rate of leaching depends on factors such as the type of wood, the concentration of creosote, and the environmental conditions.

Expert Quote: “Repurposing railroad ties can be a sustainable option, but it’s crucial to prioritize safety and environmental responsibility,” says Mark Johnson, a wood recycling expert. “Always err on the side of caution and follow best practices for handling and sealing treated wood.”

Disposal Methods: Weighing Your Options

When repurposing isn’t feasible, you’ll need to dispose of the railroad ties properly. This is where things can get tricky, as regulations vary depending on your location.

Disposal Options:

• Landfill: Many landfills accept creosote-treated wood, but some may have restrictions. Contact your local landfill to inquire about their policies.
• Incineration: Some specialized incineration facilities are equipped to burn creosote-treated wood safely. This is a more environmentally sound option than landfilling, but it may be more expensive.
• Recycling: Some companies specialize in recycling creosote-treated wood. They may be able to break down the wood and extract the creosote for reuse.
• Donation: Check with local organizations, such as construction companies or landscaping businesses, to see if they can use the ties.
• On-Site Burial (Not Recommended): Burying railroad ties on your property is generally not recommended, as the creosote can leach into the soil and contaminate groundwater.

Legal and Environmental Considerations:

• Local Regulations: Check your local regulations regarding the disposal of creosote-treated wood. Some jurisdictions may require you to obtain a permit before disposing of railroad ties.
• Environmental Impact: Landfilling creosote-treated wood can contribute to soil and water contamination. Incineration and recycling are more environmentally friendly options.
• Transportation: Transporting railroad ties may require special permits or equipment.

Data Point: According to the EPA, the improper disposal of creosote-treated wood can pose a significant threat to human health and the environment.

Case Study: I once tried to dispose of some railroad ties at a local landfill without checking their policies first. I was turned away and told that I needed to obtain a special permit. Lesson learned: always do your research before you haul anything to the landfill.

Environmental Responsibility: Minimizing Your Impact

Whether you’re repurposing or disposing of railroad ties, it’s important to minimize your environmental impact.

Tips for Environmentally Responsible Handling:

• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Prioritize repurposing over disposal whenever possible.
• Choose Sustainable Alternatives: When building new structures, consider using sustainable alternatives to creosote-treated wood, such as composite lumber or naturally rot-resistant wood species like cedar or redwood.
• Proper Disposal: Dispose of railroad ties properly at a licensed landfill or incineration facility.
• Prevent Leaching: Take steps to prevent creosote from leaching into the soil and water.
• Educate Others: Share your knowledge and encourage others to handle creosote-treated wood responsibly.

Alternative Materials:

• Composite Lumber: Made from recycled plastic and wood fibers, composite lumber is a durable and environmentally friendly alternative to creosote-treated wood.
• Naturally Rot-Resistant Wood: Cedar, redwood, and black locust are naturally resistant to decay and insects, making them a good choice for outdoor projects.
• Stone and Concrete: Stone and concrete are durable and long-lasting materials that can be used for retaining walls, pathways, and other landscaping features.

Data Point: A study by the Forest Products Laboratory found that composite lumber can last up to 50 years, making it a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to creosote-treated wood.

Creative Repurposing Projects: Beyond the Basics

Let’s delve a little deeper into some specific repurposing projects, focusing on the practical steps and safety considerations.

1. Railroad Tie Bench:

This project is a great way to create rustic outdoor seating.

• Materials: Two railroad ties, lumber for the seat, screws, sealant.
• Steps:
  1. Cut the railroad ties to the desired length for the bench legs.
  2. Cut the lumber for the seat to the desired width and length.
  3. Attach the seat lumber to the railroad tie legs using screws.
  4. Apply a waterproof sealant to the entire bench to protect it from the elements and minimize creosote leaching.
• Safety Considerations: Wear gloves and a respirator when cutting and handling the railroad ties. Seal the bench thoroughly to prevent direct skin contact with the creosote.

2. Railroad Tie Planter (with Liner):

This project allows you to grow plants in a unique and rustic planter.

• Materials: Four railroad ties, heavy-duty polyethylene liner, landscape fabric, soil.
• Steps:
  1. Cut the railroad ties to the desired length for the planter box.
  2. Assemble the planter box by attaching the ties together with screws or nails.
  3. Line the planter box with the polyethylene liner, making sure to cover all surfaces.
  4. Add a layer of landscape fabric to the bottom of the liner to improve drainage.
  5. Fill the planter box with soil.
• Safety Considerations: Wear gloves and a respirator when cutting and handling the railroad ties. Ensure that the liner is thick and durable to prevent creosote from leaching into the soil. Avoid growing edible plants in the planter box.

3. Railroad Tie Pathway:

This project creates a unique and durable pathway through your garden or yard.

• Materials: Railroad ties, gravel, sand.
• Steps:
  1. Prepare the pathway by removing any vegetation and leveling the ground.
  2. Lay down a layer of gravel for drainage.
  3. Cover the gravel with a layer of sand to create a smooth surface.
  4. Place the railroad ties on the sand, spacing them evenly apart.
  5. Fill the gaps between the ties with gravel or sand.
• Safety Considerations: Wear gloves and a respirator when handling the railroad ties. Seal the ties with a waterproof sealant to minimize creosote leaching.

The Economics of Railroad Tie Disposal and Repurposing

Beyond the environmental and safety aspects, the economics of dealing with railroad ties also plays a significant role in decision-making.

Cost Factors:

• Disposal Fees: Landfill fees can vary widely depending on your location and the volume of waste. Expect to pay a premium for creosote-treated wood.
• Transportation Costs: Hauling heavy railroad ties can be expensive, especially if you need to rent a truck or hire a hauling service.
• Tool Costs: Chainsaws, saw blades, and other tools can represent a significant investment.
• Labor Costs: If you’re hiring someone to help you with the disposal or repurposing project, labor costs can add up quickly.
• Material Costs: Repurposing projects require additional materials such as liners, sealants, screws, and lumber.

Potential Savings:

• Free or Low-Cost Materials: Railroad ties are often available for free or at a low cost from demolition sites or railroad companies.
• DIY Labor: By doing the work yourself, you can save on labor costs.
• Reduced Landfill Fees: Repurposing railroad ties can reduce the amount of waste you send to the landfill, saving you on disposal fees.
• Increased Property Value: Well-designed landscaping features made from railroad ties can increase the value of your property.

Data Point: A study by the Construction & Demolition Recycling Association found that recycling construction and demolition debris, including treated wood, can save businesses money on disposal fees and reduce their environmental impact.

Tip: Contact your local recycling center or waste management company to inquire about any incentives or rebates for recycling creosote-treated wood.

Addressing Common Concerns and Questions

Let’s address some common questions and concerns that people have about dealing with railroad ties.

Q: Is it safe to use railroad ties in my garden?

A: It’s generally not recommended to use railroad ties in direct contact with soil where you’re growing edible plants. Creosote can leach into the soil and contaminate your produce. If you do use them, use heavy-duty liners to create a barrier between the ties and the soil.

Q: How can I tell if a railroad tie is treated with creosote?

A: Creosote-treated railroad ties typically have a dark, oily appearance and a distinct odor. The wood may also be slightly sticky to the touch.

Q: Can I burn railroad ties in my fireplace or wood stove?

A: No, never burn creosote-treated wood in a fireplace, wood stove, or open fire. Burning creosote releases harmful chemicals into the air that can be hazardous to your health.

Q: How long will railroad ties last?

A: Creosote-treated railroad ties can last for several decades, depending on the environmental conditions. However, the creosote will eventually leach out of the wood, reducing its effectiveness as a preservative.

Q: Can I paint or stain railroad ties?

A: Yes, you can paint or stain railroad ties, but it’s important to use a sealant or primer that is compatible with creosote-treated wood. This will help to prevent the paint or stain from peeling or flaking.

Q: Where can I find railroad ties?

A: You can often find railroad ties at demolition sites, railroad companies, or online marketplaces. Be sure to inquire about the condition of the ties and whether they have been treated with creosote.

Conclusion: Responsible Handling for a Sustainable Future

Dealing with railroad ties is a complex issue that requires careful consideration of safety, environmental impact, and economics. While these timbers can be a valuable resource for repurposing projects, it’s essential to understand the risks associated with creosote and take appropriate precautions.

By following the guidelines outlined in this article, you can responsibly handle railroad ties and minimize your impact on the environment. Whether you choose to repurpose them into rustic furniture, dispose of them at a licensed landfill, or explore alternative materials, remember that safety and sustainability should always be your top priorities.

My own journey with railroad ties taught me a valuable lesson: even the most challenging materials can be managed responsibly with the right knowledge, tools, and a commitment to environmental stewardship. So, go forth, tackle those timbers, and create something amazing (or dispose of them responsibly)! And remember, always wear your respirator!

Next Steps:

• Assess your railroad tie situation: Determine whether repurposing or disposal is the best option.
• Gather the necessary tools and equipment: Ensure you have the right PPE and wood processing tools.
• Research local regulations: Understand the legal requirements for handling creosote-treated wood in your area.
• Plan your project: Develop a detailed plan for your repurposing or disposal project.
• Take action: Get started on your project and enjoy the satisfaction of responsibly managing these challenging materials.

Good luck, and happy wood processing!

Learn more