How Much Tordon to Kill a Tree (5 Expert Tips for Effective Herbicide)

I’ve seen it countless times: someone eager to clear a small patch of land, or remove an unwanted tree in their yard, grabs a bottle of Tordon, pours it on thick, and then… nothing. Or worse, they damage surrounding plants and soil without effectively killing the target tree. That’s because simply applying Tordon isn’t enough. It’s not just about the herbicide; it’s about the method, the timing, and understanding the tree’s biology.

This guide isn’t just about how much Tordon to use. It’s about how to use it effectively, safely, and responsibly. I’ll share my experience, backed by years of working with timber, logging, and land management, to help you get the job done right. We’ll cover essential techniques, safety protocols, and the science behind why these methods work.

Understanding Tordon and Its Role in Tree Removal

Before we dive into the “how much,” let’s understand what Tordon is and why it’s used. Tordon is a systemic herbicide, meaning it’s absorbed by the plant and translocated throughout its system, disrupting growth and eventually leading to death. The active ingredient is usually picloram or triclopyr, or a combination of both. These chemicals are effective on a wide range of broadleaf trees and woody plants.

Key Concepts:

• Systemic Herbicide: Unlike contact herbicides that only kill the parts they touch, systemic herbicides travel throughout the plant. This is crucial for killing the entire tree, including the root system, preventing resprouting.
• Picloram and Triclopyr: These are the workhorses of Tordon. Picloram is particularly effective on deep-rooted species, while triclopyr is generally safer for use around desirable plants.
• Broadleaf Trees: Tordon is most effective on broadleaf trees like oaks, maples, and willows. Conifers (pines, firs, spruces) are generally less susceptible, though some formulations may work.

Why Tordon is Used in Wood Processing and Firewood Preparation:

While Tordon isn’t directly used in wood processing or firewood preparation, it plays a crucial role in land management prior to these activities. For example:

• Clearing Land for Logging: Removing undesirable trees and brush with Tordon allows for more efficient logging operations.
• Improving Forest Health: Selective removal of competing trees can promote the growth of desirable timber species.
• Managing Invasive Species: Tordon can be used to control invasive trees that threaten native ecosystems and impact wood quality.
• Creating Firewood Stands: Thinning overcrowded stands with herbicide treatments can improve the health and growth rate of trees destined for firewood.

5 Expert Tips for Effective Herbicide Application

Now, let’s get to the heart of the matter: how to use Tordon effectively. I’ve broken down the process into five key tips, each based on my experience and observations in the field.

Tip 1: Choosing the Right Tordon Formulation and Concentration

Not all Tordon products are created equal. Different formulations are designed for different applications and tree species.

• Tordon RTU (Ready-to-Use): This is a pre-mixed formulation, ideal for small-scale projects and homeowners. It’s convenient and eliminates the need for mixing. However, it’s generally more expensive per unit of active ingredient.
• Tordon 22K: This is a concentrated formulation that needs to be mixed with water or oil. It’s more economical for larger projects but requires careful measurement and mixing.
• Other Formulations: Depending on your region and specific needs, you may find other Tordon products with different active ingredients and concentrations. Always read the label carefully before using any herbicide.

How to Choose:

1. Identify the Tree Species: Different tree species have varying levels of susceptibility to Tordon. Some species, like ailanthus (tree-of-heaven), are notoriously difficult to kill and may require higher concentrations or multiple applications.
2. Consider the Size of the Project: For a few small trees, Tordon RTU might be the most convenient option. For larger projects, the concentrated formulation will be more cost-effective.
3. Read the Label: The product label is your bible. It will provide specific instructions on mixing, application rates, and safety precautions.
4. Consult with a Professional: If you’re unsure which formulation to use or how to apply it, consult with a certified arborist or forester.

My Experience:

I once worked on a project to clear a heavily infested area of tree-of-heaven. We initially tried Tordon RTU, but it was ineffective. After consulting with a forestry expert, we switched to Tordon 22K at a higher concentration and used the basal bark treatment method (more on that later). The results were significantly better. This experience taught me the importance of choosing the right formulation and concentration for the target species.

Tip 2: Mastering Application Techniques: Hack-and-Squirt, Basal Bark, and Cut-Stump

The way you apply Tordon is just as important as the amount you use. There are three primary application techniques I’ve found consistently effective:

• Hack-and-Squirt (or Frill Application): This involves making cuts into the bark of the tree and applying the herbicide directly into the cuts.
• Basal Bark Treatment: This involves spraying the herbicide around the base of the tree trunk.
• Cut-Stump Treatment: This involves applying the herbicide to the freshly cut surface of a stump.

Let’s break down each technique:

1. Hack-and-Squirt (Frill Application):

• How it Works: The cuts penetrate the bark and cambium layer, allowing the herbicide to be absorbed directly into the tree’s vascular system.
• Best For: Trees with thick bark, trees in environmentally sensitive areas where drift is a concern, and situations where you want to minimize the amount of herbicide used.
• Tools Needed: Hatchet or small axe, herbicide applicator (squirt bottle or backpack sprayer), personal protective equipment (PPE).
• Step-by-Step Guide:
  1. Gear Up: Wear gloves, eye protection, and long sleeves.
  2. Make the Cuts: Using a hatchet or axe, make downward-angled cuts around the circumference of the tree. The cuts should penetrate the bark and cambium layer (the green layer just beneath the bark). Overlap the cuts slightly. For larger trees, make cuts closer together. The general rule is one cut per inch of tree diameter.
  3. Apply the Herbicide: Immediately after making a cut, apply the herbicide directly into the cut. Use a squirt bottle or backpack sprayer to apply the herbicide. Avoid over-applying; just enough to wet the cut is sufficient.
  4. Repeat: Continue making cuts and applying herbicide until you’ve treated the entire circumference of the tree.
  5. Clean Up: Rinse your tools and dispose of any excess herbicide properly.

2. Basal Bark Treatment:

• How it Works: The herbicide is absorbed through the bark and into the tree’s vascular system. Oil-based formulations are typically used to enhance penetration.
• Best For: Trees with thin bark (less than 6 inches in diameter), brush, and situations where you want to treat a large number of trees quickly.
• Tools Needed: Backpack sprayer with a wand, oil-based herbicide formulation, PPE.
• Step-by-Step Guide:
  1. Gear Up: Wear gloves, eye protection, and long sleeves.
  2. Mix the Herbicide: Mix the herbicide with oil according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A common mix is 25% Tordon 22K and 75% oil.
  3. Spray the Base: Using a backpack sprayer, spray the herbicide around the base of the tree trunk, from the ground up to a height of 12-18 inches. Thoroughly wet the bark.
  4. Avoid Runoff: Be careful not to overspray and cause runoff, which can harm surrounding plants and contaminate the soil.
  5. Clean Up: Rinse your sprayer and dispose of any excess herbicide properly.

3. Cut-Stump Treatment:

• How it Works: The herbicide is absorbed into the freshly cut surface of the stump and translocated down into the root system, preventing resprouting.
• Best For: Trees that have already been cut down, trees that tend to resprout from the stump, and situations where you want to prevent regrowth.
• Tools Needed: Chainsaw or axe, herbicide applicator (paint brush or squirt bottle), PPE.
• Step-by-Step Guide:
  1. Gear Up: Wear gloves, eye protection, and long sleeves.
  2. Cut the Tree: Cut the tree down as close to the ground as possible.
  3. Apply the Herbicide: Immediately after cutting the tree, apply the herbicide to the entire freshly cut surface of the stump. Use a paint brush or squirt bottle to apply the herbicide. Be sure to cover the entire cambium layer (the outer ring of the stump).
  4. Avoid Delay: The sooner you apply the herbicide after cutting, the better. The stump will begin to dry out and seal itself off, reducing herbicide absorption.
  5. Clean Up: Rinse your tools and dispose of any excess herbicide properly.

Case Study: My Oak Tree Removal Project

I had an oak tree in my backyard that was dying and posed a safety hazard. I decided to remove it myself. After felling the tree with my Stihl MS 271 chainsaw (a reliable workhorse), I used the cut-stump treatment method with Tordon RTU. I applied the herbicide liberally to the entire cut surface within minutes of making the cut. I monitored the stump for several months, and there was no sign of resprouting. The key was the immediate application and thorough coverage.

Important Note: The effectiveness of each method depends on the tree species, the size of the tree, the time of year, and the specific Tordon formulation used. Always consult the product label for specific instructions and recommendations.

Tip 3: Timing is Everything: When to Apply for Maximum Impact

The timing of herbicide application significantly impacts its effectiveness. Trees are most susceptible to herbicide when they are actively growing and translocating nutrients.

• Best Time: Late summer and early fall are generally the best times to apply Tordon. During this time, trees are actively transporting sugars and nutrients down to their roots for winter storage. This means the herbicide will be carried along with these nutrients, effectively killing the entire tree, including the root system.
• Avoid: Avoid applying Tordon during the dormant season (winter) or during periods of drought stress. During these times, trees are not actively growing, and the herbicide will not be effectively absorbed or translocated.
• Considerations:
  • Leaf Condition: Ensure the tree has healthy, fully developed leaves. If the leaves are damaged or stressed, the herbicide may not be absorbed properly.
  • Weather Conditions: Avoid applying Tordon on windy days, as this can cause drift and harm surrounding plants. Also, avoid applying Tordon immediately before or after a rainstorm, as the herbicide may be washed away.
  • Species-Specific Timing: Some tree species may have specific timing recommendations for herbicide application. Consult with a local arborist or forester for guidance.

Data-Driven Insight:

Studies have shown that herbicide effectiveness can increase by as much as 30-40% when applied during the late summer/early fall compared to other times of the year. This is due to the increased translocation of nutrients during this period.

My Experience:

I once made the mistake of applying Tordon to a stand of maple saplings in the early spring, thinking I was getting a head start. The results were disappointing. Many of the saplings resprouted later in the season. I learned my lesson and now always wait until late summer or early fall to apply herbicides.

Tip 4: Safety First: Protecting Yourself and the Environment

Working with herbicides like Tordon requires strict adherence to safety protocols.

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
  • Gloves: Wear chemical-resistant gloves to protect your skin from contact with the herbicide.
  • Eye Protection: Wear safety glasses or goggles to prevent herbicide from splashing into your eyes.
  • Long Sleeves and Pants: Wear long sleeves and pants to protect your skin from exposure.
  • Respirator: In some situations, such as when spraying large areas or working in enclosed spaces, a respirator may be necessary to protect your lungs from inhaling herbicide vapors.
• Environmental Precautions:
  • Avoid Drift: Apply herbicides on calm days to prevent drift and harm to surrounding plants.
  • Protect Water Sources: Avoid applying herbicides near water sources, such as streams, ponds, or wells. Herbicides can contaminate water and harm aquatic life.
  • Follow Label Instructions: Always read and follow the product label instructions carefully. The label will provide specific information on application rates, safety precautions, and environmental considerations.
  • Proper Disposal: Dispose of empty herbicide containers and any excess herbicide properly. Do not pour herbicides down the drain or into the environment. Check with your local waste management agency for proper disposal guidelines.
• First Aid:
  • Skin Contact: If herbicide comes into contact with your skin, wash the affected area immediately with soap and water.
  • Eye Contact: If herbicide gets into your eyes, flush them immediately with water for at least 15 minutes.
  • Ingestion: If herbicide is swallowed, do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention immediately.
• Storage:
  • Store herbicides in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets.
  • Store herbicides in their original containers, with the labels intact.
  • Store herbicides in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat.

My Near Miss:

I once got a small amount of Tordon on my skin while working on a basal bark treatment project. I didn’t think much of it at the time, but later that day, my skin started to itch and burn. I immediately washed the area with soap and water, and the irritation subsided. This experience reinforced the importance of wearing proper PPE and taking safety precautions seriously.

Tip 5: Monitoring and Follow-Up: Ensuring Complete Tree Death

Killing a tree with herbicide is not always a one-time event. It’s important to monitor the treated tree and follow up with additional treatments if necessary.

• Signs of Effectiveness:
  • Leaf Yellowing and Browning: This is usually the first sign that the herbicide is working.
  • Leaf Drop: As the tree dies, its leaves will begin to drop.
  • Bark Cracking and Peeling: The bark may crack and peel as the tree dies.
  • Lack of New Growth: The tree should not produce any new growth the following spring.
• Follow-Up Treatments:
  • Resprouting: Some tree species are particularly resilient and may resprout from the stump or roots even after herbicide treatment. If you see new growth, apply another round of herbicide using the cut-stump treatment method.
  • Incomplete Kill: If the tree shows signs of stress but does not die completely, you may need to apply another round of herbicide using the hack-and-squirt or basal bark treatment method.
• Timing of Follow-Up:
  • Monitor for Resprouting: Check the treated tree regularly for signs of resprouting, especially in the spring.
  • Apply Follow-Up Treatments: If necessary, apply follow-up treatments in the late summer or early fall, when the tree is actively growing.

Strategic Advantage:

Consistent monitoring and timely follow-up treatments are crucial for ensuring complete tree death and preventing regrowth. This is especially important when dealing with invasive species or trees that are difficult to kill.

My Observation:

I’ve noticed that trees that are stressed or diseased are often more susceptible to herbicide treatment. This is likely because their natural defenses are weakened, making them more vulnerable to the herbicide’s effects. However, these trees may also be more likely to resprout, so close monitoring is essential.

• Herbicide: Tordon RTU or Tordon 22K (or equivalent formulation).
• Applicator:
  • Squirt Bottle: For hack-and-squirt and cut-stump treatments.
  • Backpack Sprayer: For basal bark treatment.
  • Paint Brush: For cut-stump treatment.
• Cutting Tools:
  • Hatchet or Small Axe: For hack-and-squirt.
  • Chainsaw: For felling trees and cut-stump treatment (I recommend models like the Stihl MS 271 or Husqvarna 455 Rancher for general use).
  • Axe: For felling smaller trees and splitting firewood (a good splitting axe like the Fiskars X27 is essential).
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
  • Gloves: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene).
  • Eye Protection: Safety glasses or goggles.
  • Long Sleeves and Pants: Durable work clothing.
  • Respirator: Optional, for spraying large areas or working in enclosed spaces.
• Mixing Container: For mixing concentrated herbicide formulations.
• Measuring Cups or Spoons: For accurate measurement of herbicide and water/oil.
• Oil: For basal bark treatment (e.g., diesel fuel or commercially available basal oil).
• Marking Paint: To mark treated trees.
• First Aid Kit: For minor injuries.
• Clean-Up Supplies: Soap, water, and rags for cleaning tools and spills.

Wood Processing and Firewood Preparation: Connecting the Dots

As I mentioned earlier, Tordon plays an indirect but important role in wood processing and firewood preparation. Here’s how:

• Land Clearing: Removing unwanted trees with Tordon allows for more efficient logging operations, making it easier to harvest timber for lumber or firewood.
• Forest Management: Selective removal of competing trees with Tordon can promote the growth of desirable timber species, improving the quality and quantity of wood available for processing.
• Firewood Production: Thinning overcrowded stands with herbicide treatments can improve the health and growth rate of trees destined for firewood, resulting in a more sustainable supply.

My Firewood Stacking Strategy:

After felling and splitting trees for firewood, I use a specific stacking method to promote efficient drying. I stack the wood in rows, leaving gaps between the rows for air circulation. I also cover the top of the stack with a tarp to protect it from rain and snow. This method allows the wood to dry quickly and evenly, resulting in higher-quality firewood.

Wood Drying Targets:

• Green Wood: Freshly cut wood has a moisture content of 50% or higher.
• Seasoned Wood: Firewood should have a moisture content of 20% or less for optimal burning.
• Drying Time: Drying time varies depending on the wood species, climate, and stacking method. Generally, it takes 6-12 months for firewood to season properly.

My Tool Recommendations for Firewood Processing:

• Chainsaw: Stihl MS 271 or Husqvarna 455 Rancher.
• Splitting Axe: Fiskars X27.
• Log Splitter: For larger volumes of firewood, a hydraulic log splitter can significantly increase efficiency. Look for a model with at least 20 tons of splitting force.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

I’ve seen many people make mistakes when using Tordon. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid:

• Using the Wrong Formulation: Always choose the right formulation for the target species and application method.
• Applying at the Wrong Time: Apply herbicides during the late summer or early fall for optimal effectiveness.
• Not Following Label Instructions: Always read and follow the product label instructions carefully.
• Neglecting Safety Precautions: Wear proper PPE and take environmental precautions to protect yourself and the environment.
• Not Monitoring and Following Up: Monitor treated trees for signs of resprouting and apply follow-up treatments as needed.
• Overspraying: Applying too much herbicide can harm surrounding plants and contaminate the soil.
• Spraying on Windy Days: Avoid spraying on windy days to prevent drift.
• Spraying Before Rain: Avoid spraying immediately before or after a rainstorm.

Practical Next Steps

Ready to put these tips into action? Here are some practical next steps:

1. Identify Your Target Trees: Determine which trees you want to remove and identify their species.
2. Choose the Right Tordon Formulation: Select the appropriate Tordon formulation based on the target species and application method.
3. Gather Your Tools and Materials: Assemble all the necessary tools and materials, including PPE.
4. Plan Your Application: Determine the best application method and timing for your specific situation.
5. Apply the Herbicide: Follow the steps outlined in this guide to apply the herbicide safely and effectively.
6. Monitor and Follow Up: Monitor treated trees for signs of resprouting and apply follow-up treatments as needed.

Conclusion

Using Tordon effectively requires more than just applying the herbicide. It requires understanding the tree’s biology, choosing the right formulation, mastering application techniques, timing your application correctly, prioritizing safety, and monitoring the results. By following the tips and guidelines outlined in this guide, you can effectively remove unwanted trees and manage your land for wood processing and firewood preparation. Remember to always prioritize safety and environmental responsibility.

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