How Big Do Lilac Trees Grow? (5 Growth Facts for Woodworkers)

“I’ve got a bunch of lilac trees on my property, and I’m wondering if they’re big enough to use for woodworking projects. How big do lilac trees really grow, and is the wood any good? I need some facts for woodworkers.”

That’s a question I hear a lot, and it’s a good one! Many people overlook lilac ( Syringa vulgaris ) as a potential source of wood, thinking of it only as a beautiful flowering shrub. But, depending on the variety and growing conditions, lilac can reach a size suitable for small woodworking projects, and the wood itself has some interesting characteristics. So, let’s dive into the facts about lilac tree growth and its potential use for woodworking and even firewood.

How Big Do Lilac Trees Grow? (5 Growth Facts for Woodworkers)

Lilac trees aren’t giants of the forest, but they can certainly reach a respectable size. Understanding their growth habits is crucial if you’re considering them for woodworking or even as a source of firewood.

1. Typical Size and Growth Rate

Most common lilac varieties reach a height of 8 to 15 feet (2.4 to 4.6 meters) with a spread of 6 to 12 feet (1.8 to 3.7 meters). However, some older, neglected lilacs, or specific cultivars, can grow even larger, occasionally reaching up to 20-25 feet (6-7.6 meters).

• Growth Rate: Lilacs are considered to have a moderate growth rate, typically adding 1 to 2 feet (30 to 60 cm) per year under optimal conditions. This means it can take several years for a lilac to reach a size where it’s suitable for anything beyond the smallest woodworking projects.
• My Experience: I once came across an old, untended lilac bush on an abandoned property that was easily 18 feet tall. It was more of a gnarly, multi-stemmed tree than a shrub. The trunk diameter was about 8 inches (20 cm) in places, which was quite surprising! This showed me the potential size lilacs can reach if left to their own devices.

2. Factors Affecting Growth

Several factors influence the size and growth rate of lilac trees:

• Sunlight: Lilacs thrive in full sun (at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day). Insufficient sunlight can lead to stunted growth and reduced flowering.
• Soil: Well-drained soil is essential. Lilacs don’t like “wet feet,” and poorly drained soil can lead to root rot and decreased growth. They prefer slightly alkaline to neutral soil pH (6.5 to 7.0).
• Watering: While established lilacs are relatively drought-tolerant, consistent watering during dry periods, especially when young, promotes healthy growth.
• Fertilizing: Lilacs benefit from light fertilization in early spring. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowering. A balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) applied according to package directions is usually sufficient.
• Pruning: Regular pruning is crucial for maintaining the shape, health, and size of lilac trees. Removing dead, damaged, or crossing branches improves air circulation and light penetration, promoting healthy growth. Suckers that grow from the base of the plant should also be removed regularly.
• Variety: Different lilac varieties have different growth habits. Some are naturally more compact, while others tend to grow taller and wider. Researching the specific cultivar you have is important for understanding its potential size.

3. Lilac Wood Characteristics

Lilac wood is known for its fine grain, hardness, and density. It’s a close-grained hardwood that is relatively easy to work with, though its small size often limits its applications.

• Color: The heartwood is typically a creamy white to light brown, sometimes with darker brown or purplish streaks. The sapwood is usually lighter in color.
• Density: Lilac wood is fairly dense, with a specific gravity of around 0.70 (air-dry). This makes it heavier than many other common hardwoods like poplar or pine.
• Workability: It’s generally easy to work with hand tools and power tools. It turns well on a lathe and takes a good finish. However, it can be prone to splitting, so pre-drilling is recommended when using screws or nails.
• Durability: Lilac wood is not particularly durable outdoors and is susceptible to rot and insect damage if not properly protected. It’s best suited for indoor projects.
• My Insight: I once used lilac wood to make handles for some small carving tools. The fine grain and density made it ideal for this purpose, and the finished handles were beautiful and comfortable to hold. The tight grain also makes it good for small bowls, or other items that need to hold liquids.

4. Uses for Lilac Wood

Due to its limited size, lilac wood isn’t typically used for large-scale woodworking projects. However, it’s well-suited for smaller, decorative items and specialty applications:

• Small Turnings: Lilac wood is excellent for turning small bowls, pens, spindles, and other decorative items on a lathe.
• Knife Handles: As I mentioned, its density and fine grain make it a good choice for knife and tool handles.
• Inlays and Accents: The contrasting colors of the heartwood and sapwood can be used to create beautiful inlays and accents in larger woodworking projects.
• Small Boxes and Jewelry Boxes: The attractive grain and color make it suitable for crafting small boxes and jewelry boxes.
• Musical Instruments: I’ve heard of some luthiers using lilac wood for small parts of musical instruments, like fingerboards or bridges, but this is rare.
• Firewood: While not the first choice for firewood due to its relatively small size and the desire to preserve it for woodworking, lilac wood can be burned. It burns hot and clean, similar to other hardwoods.

5. Harvesting and Processing Lilac Wood

If you’re planning to harvest lilac wood, here are some important considerations:

• Sustainability: Only harvest lilac trees that are being pruned or removed for other reasons. Avoid cutting down healthy, established lilacs solely for their wood.
• Timing: The best time to harvest lilac wood is during the dormant season (late fall to early spring) when the sap is not flowing.
• Felling: For larger lilacs, use proper tree felling techniques. Ensure you have a clear escape route and are aware of any hazards in the area. A small chainsaw, like a Stihl MS 170 or Husqvarna 135, is usually sufficient for felling lilac trees.
• Milling: Due to the small size of most lilac trees, milling is often done with a chainsaw mill or a small bandsaw mill. Alternatively, you can split the wood into smaller pieces using an axe or splitting maul.
• Debarking: Debarking the logs as soon as possible after felling is important to prevent insect infestation and fungal growth. A drawknife or debarking spud can be used for this purpose.
• Drying: Lilac wood needs to be properly dried before it can be used for woodworking. Air-drying is the most common method. Stack the wood in a well-ventilated area, using stickers (small strips of wood) to separate the layers. Allow the wood to dry for at least 6-12 months, depending on the thickness of the pieces. A moisture meter can be used to check the moisture content, which should be below 12% for most woodworking applications.
• Seasoning for Firewood: If using the lilac for firewood, the process is similar. Cut the wood to the desired length (typically 16-18 inches for standard firewood stoves) and split it into manageable pieces. Stack the firewood in a well-ventilated area, off the ground, and cover the top to protect it from rain and snow. Allow it to season for at least 6-12 months before burning.
• Safety First: Always wear appropriate safety gear when felling, milling, and processing lilac wood, including eye protection, hearing protection, gloves, and sturdy footwear.

Detailed Guide: Felling, Processing, and Utilizing Lilac Wood

Now, let’s delve into a detailed, step-by-step guide covering the entire process of felling, processing, and utilizing lilac wood, whether for woodworking or firewood.

Step 1: Assessment and Planning

Before you even pick up a chainsaw, take the time to assess the lilac tree and plan your approach.

• Tree Health: Is the tree healthy? Diseased or heavily damaged trees may not be worth the effort.
• Size and Shape: How large is the tree? What is the diameter of the trunk and branches? This will determine the tools and techniques you’ll need.
• Surroundings: Are there any obstacles in the area, such as power lines, buildings, or fences? Ensure you have a clear felling zone.
• Felling Direction: Determine the natural lean of the tree and plan to fell it in that direction if possible.
• Intended Use: Are you planning to use the wood for woodworking or firewood? This will influence how you process it.
• Tools and Equipment: Gather all the necessary tools and equipment, including:
  • Chainsaw (Stihl MS 170 or Husqvarna 135 are good choices for smaller trees)
  • Axe or splitting maul
  • Wedges (if needed for felling)
  • Sledgehammer (for driving wedges)
  • Drawknife or debarking spud
  • Measuring tape
  • Chainsaw chaps
  • Eye protection
  • Hearing protection
  • Gloves
  • Sturdy footwear
  • First-aid kit

Step 2: Felling the Lilac Tree

Felling a lilac tree is similar to felling any other tree, but with some adjustments due to its smaller size.

• Clear the Area: Remove any brush, debris, or obstacles from around the base of the tree.
• Make the Notch Cut: On the side of the tree facing the direction you want it to fall, make a notch cut. This cut should be about one-third of the tree’s diameter. Start with an angled cut from the top, sloping downwards at about 45 degrees. Then, make a horizontal cut that meets the angled cut. This creates a wedge-shaped notch.
• Make the Back Cut: On the opposite side of the tree from the notch cut, make the back cut. This cut should be slightly higher than the bottom of the notch cut. Leave a hinge of wood (about 10% of the tree’s diameter) between the back cut and the notch cut. This hinge will help control the direction of the fall.
• Use Wedges (If Necessary): If the tree is leaning in the wrong direction, or if you’re concerned about it pinching the chainsaw bar, insert wedges into the back cut before completing it. Drive the wedges in with a sledgehammer to help push the tree over in the desired direction.
• Complete the Back Cut: Slowly and carefully complete the back cut, leaving the hinge intact. As the tree begins to fall, move away from the base of the tree along your planned escape route.
• Observe the Fall: Watch the tree as it falls and be prepared to move if necessary.

Step 3: Limbing and Bucking

Once the tree is on the ground, it’s time to remove the branches (limbing) and cut the trunk into manageable lengths (bucking).

• Limbing: Start by removing the larger branches with the chainsaw. Work from the base of the tree towards the top, cutting the branches close to the trunk. Be careful not to cut into the trunk itself.
• Bucking: Measure and mark the trunk into the desired lengths. For firewood, 16-18 inches is a common length. For woodworking, cut the trunk into lengths that are suitable for your intended projects. Use the chainsaw to cut the trunk at the marked intervals.
• Safety Note: When limbing and bucking, always be aware of the potential for the wood to pinch the chainsaw bar. Use proper cutting techniques to avoid kickback and other hazards.

Step 4: Debarking

Debarking the logs is important to prevent insect infestation and fungal growth.

• Tools: Use a drawknife or debarking spud to remove the bark from the logs. A drawknife is a hand tool with a blade that is pulled towards you. A debarking spud is a tool with a curved blade that is used to pry the bark off the log.
• Technique: Hold the drawknife or debarking spud at a comfortable angle and use it to scrape or pry the bark off the log. Work in sections, overlapping each pass slightly.
• Timing: Debark the logs as soon as possible after felling. The bark is easier to remove when the wood is still green.

Step 5: Splitting (If Using for Firewood)

If you’re using the lilac wood for firewood, you’ll need to split it into smaller pieces.

• Tools: Use an axe or splitting maul to split the wood. A splitting maul is a heavier tool with a wedge-shaped head that is designed for splitting larger logs. A hydraulic log splitter can also be used for larger quantities of wood.
• Technique: Place the log on a solid surface, such as a chopping block. Position the axe or splitting maul over the center of the log and swing it down with force. If the log doesn’t split on the first try, reposition the axe or splitting maul and try again.
• Safety Note: When splitting wood, always wear eye protection and gloves. Keep your feet out of the path of the axe or splitting maul.

Step 6: Drying and Seasoning

Whether you’re using the lilac wood for woodworking or firewood, it needs to be properly dried.

• Air-Drying for Woodworking:
  • Stack the wood in a well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and rain.
  • Use stickers (small strips of wood) to separate the layers of wood. This allows air to circulate around the pieces and promotes even drying.
  • Elevate the stack off the ground to prevent moisture from wicking up into the wood.
  • Allow the wood to dry for at least 6-12 months, depending on the thickness of the pieces.
  • Use a moisture meter to check the moisture content. For most woodworking applications, the moisture content should be below 12%.
• Seasoning for Firewood:
  • Cut the firewood to the desired length (typically 16-18 inches).
  • Split the firewood into manageable pieces.
  • Stack the firewood in a well-ventilated area, off the ground.
  • Cover the top of the stack to protect it from rain and snow.
  • Allow the firewood to season for at least 6-12 months before burning. The longer it seasons, the better it will burn.

Step 7: Utilizing Lilac Wood

Once the lilac wood is properly dried, you can start using it for your intended projects.

• Woodworking:
  • Select pieces of wood that are suitable for your project.
  • Cut the wood to the desired dimensions.
  • Shape the wood using hand tools or power tools.
  • Sand the wood to a smooth finish.
  • Apply a finish to protect the wood and enhance its appearance.
• Firewood:
  • Bring the seasoned firewood indoors a few days before you plan to burn it. This will allow it to dry out even further.
  • Load the firewood into your wood stove or fireplace.
  • Enjoy the warmth and ambiance of a wood-burning fire.

Case Study: Lilac Wood Knife Handles

I once had a customer who brought me a small lilac tree that had fallen in his yard. He knew I did some woodworking, and he asked if I could make something out of it. After examining the wood, I decided to make knife handles.

• Selection: I selected the straightest, most knot-free sections of the lilac trunk.
• Milling: I used a small bandsaw mill to cut the wood into rectangular blanks that were slightly larger than the finished knife handles.
• Drying: I air-dried the blanks for about 6 months, until the moisture content was below 10%.
• Shaping: I used a combination of hand tools and power tools to shape the knife handles. I started by roughing out the shape with a bandsaw, then refined it with rasps, files, and sandpaper.
• Finishing: I finished the knife handles with several coats of tung oil, which brought out the natural beauty of the wood and provided a durable, water-resistant finish.
• Result: The finished knife handles were beautiful and functional. The lilac wood was dense and strong, and the fine grain provided a comfortable grip. The customer was thrilled with the results.

Strategic Insights and Considerations

Beyond the technical steps, here are some strategic insights to consider when working with lilac wood:

• Embrace the Small Size: Don’t try to force lilac wood into projects that are too large for it. Instead, focus on smaller, more intricate projects that highlight its unique characteristics.
• Mix and Match: Combine lilac wood with other types of wood to create interesting contrasts and visual effects.
• Experiment with Finishes: Different finishes can dramatically change the appearance of lilac wood. Experiment with different oils, waxes, and varnishes to find the perfect look.
• Consider Stabilizing: If you’re concerned about the wood cracking or warping, consider stabilizing it with a resin infusion process. This will make the wood more durable and resistant to moisture.
• Market Your Uniqueness: If you’re selling items made from lilac wood, emphasize its rarity and unique characteristics. This can help you command a premium price.
• Firewood Management: For firewood, consider mixing lilac with other wood types for a more balanced burn. A mix of hardwoods and softwoods can provide both quick ignition and long-lasting heat.

Challenges and Solutions for Global DIYers

DIYers around the world face various challenges when working with wood, and lilac is no exception. Here are some common challenges and potential solutions:

• Limited Availability: Lilac trees are not as common as other types of wood, especially in some regions.
  • Solution: Network with local arborists, landscapers, and gardeners to find sources of lilac wood. Consider growing your own lilac trees specifically for woodworking or firewood.
• Small Size: The small size of lilac trees can limit the types of projects you can undertake.
  • Solution: Focus on smaller, more intricate projects that are well-suited to the size of the wood. Combine lilac wood with other types of wood to create larger projects.
• Drying Challenges: Drying wood properly can be difficult, especially in humid climates.
  • Solution: Ensure adequate ventilation when air-drying wood. Consider using a dehumidifier or kiln to speed up the drying process.
• Tool Availability: Access to specialized woodworking tools can be limited in some areas.
  • Solution: Invest in a few essential hand tools, such as a saw, plane, chisel, and spokeshave. These tools can be used to shape and refine wood without the need for expensive power tools.
• Safety Concerns: Working with wood can be dangerous if proper safety precautions are not taken.
  • Solution: Always wear appropriate safety gear, including eye protection, hearing protection, gloves, and sturdy footwear. Learn proper techniques for using woodworking tools and equipment.

Practical Next Steps

Ready to put this knowledge into action? Here are some practical next steps you can take:

1. Identify Lilac Trees: Locate lilac trees in your area. Talk to neighbors, friends, or local nurseries to find potential sources of wood.
2. Gather Tools and Equipment: Assemble the necessary tools and equipment for felling, processing, and drying lilac wood.
3. Start Small: Begin with a small project, such as making a knife handle, a small bowl, or a decorative item.
4. Experiment: Don’t be afraid to experiment with different techniques and finishes.
5. Share Your Results: Share your experiences and creations with other woodworkers online or in person.

Conclusion

Lilac wood may not be as widely used as other hardwoods, but it offers unique characteristics and potential for small-scale woodworking projects and even as a supplemental source of firewood. By understanding its growth habits, properties, and processing techniques, you can unlock the beauty and versatility of this often-overlooked wood. So, get out there, find some lilac wood, and start creating! Remember to prioritize safety and sustainability in all your wood processing endeavors. Good luck, and happy woodworking (or firewood chopping)!

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