Echo CS 590 Won't Start (7 Pro Fixes Every Arborist Must Know)

Introduction: The Unforgiving Reality of Wear and Tear

Like an old friend, my Echo CS-590 Timber Wolf has been a reliable workhorse. I’ve felled countless trees, processed mountains of firewood, and even carved a few whimsical garden gnomes with it (don’t judge!). But let’s face it: chainsaws, especially those put through their paces like mine, are susceptible to wear and tear. They’re complex machines operating in harsh environments, and eventually, they’ll decide they’ve had enough and refuse to start. The dreaded pull of the starter cord, only to be met with silence, is a feeling every arborist and firewood enthusiast knows all too well.

According to a recent report by the Forest Resources Association, downtime due to equipment failure, including chainsaws, accounts for approximately 15% of lost productivity in logging operations. That’s a significant chunk of time and money! Moreover, a survey conducted among independent firewood producers revealed that starting problems are among the top three most common issues they face, especially during peak demand seasons.

Echo CS-590 Won’t Start: 7 Pro Fixes Every Arborist Must Know

Before diving into the fixes, let’s quickly level-set on some key concepts. Understanding these will make troubleshooting much easier.

Green Wood vs. Seasoned Wood: Green wood is freshly cut timber with high moisture content, making it heavy and difficult to burn. Seasoned wood, on the other hand, has been air-dried to reduce its moisture content, resulting in easier ignition, cleaner burning, and higher heat output. The ideal moisture content for firewood is between 15% and 20%.
Chainsaw vs. Axe: While both are used for wood processing, they serve different purposes. Chainsaws are ideal for felling trees, bucking logs, and cutting large quantities of wood quickly. Axes are better suited for splitting logs and smaller-scale wood processing, especially in situations where noise is a concern or power isn’t available.
Two-Stroke Engine Basics: The Echo CS-590 uses a two-stroke engine, which requires a precise mixture of gasoline and oil for lubrication. Incorrect mixing ratios or stale fuel can cause significant starting and running problems.

Now, let’s get to the heart of the matter.

1. The Fuel System: Is Your CS-590 Thirsty or Choked?

The fuel system is the lifeline of your chainsaw. If it’s not delivering the right fuel mixture, your CS-590 is going nowhere.

1.1. Fresh Fuel is Your Friend

Stale fuel is the number one culprit behind many starting problems. Gasoline degrades over time, losing its combustibility and potentially clogging fuel lines and carburetors.

The Problem: Gasoline starts to degrade after just 30 days, especially when exposed to air and temperature fluctuations. Ethanol-blended fuels are even more prone to degradation, as they can absorb moisture from the air, leading to phase separation.
The Fix: Always use fresh fuel, ideally less than 30 days old. Purchase fuel in smaller quantities to avoid having it sit around for too long. If you’re not planning on using your chainsaw for an extended period, drain the fuel tank and run the engine until it stalls to clear the carburetor.
My Experience: I once spent an entire Saturday afternoon wrestling with a chainsaw that wouldn’t start, only to discover that the fuel was over six months old! Lesson learned: label your fuel containers with the date of purchase.
Actionable Tip: Use a fuel stabilizer, especially if you’re using ethanol-blended fuel. Fuel stabilizers help prevent fuel degradation and keep the fuel system clean. I recommend brands like STA-BIL or Sea Foam.

1.2. Fuel Filter Inspection and Replacement

The fuel filter prevents debris from entering the carburetor. A clogged filter restricts fuel flow, leading to starting problems and poor engine performance.

The Problem: Over time, the fuel filter can become clogged with dirt, rust, and other contaminants.
The Fix: Locate the fuel filter inside the fuel tank. It’s usually attached to the end of the fuel line. Remove the filter and inspect it for signs of clogging. If it’s dirty or discolored, replace it with a new one. Fuel filters are relatively inexpensive and readily available.
Step-by-Step Guide:
1. Empty the fuel tank.
2. Use a hooked wire or a specialized fuel filter removal tool to pull the fuel line and filter out of the tank.
3. Disconnect the old filter from the fuel line.
4. Connect the new filter to the fuel line.
5. Carefully reinsert the fuel line and filter back into the tank.
Pro Tip: Keep a few spare fuel filters on hand. They’re a critical maintenance item.

1.3. Carburetor Cleaning and Adjustment

The carburetor is responsible for mixing fuel and air in the correct proportions. A dirty or misadjusted carburetor can cause a variety of problems, including hard starting, poor idling, and stalling.

The Problem: Carburetors can become clogged with varnish and deposits from stale fuel.
The Fix: Start by cleaning the carburetor. You can use a carburetor cleaner spray to dissolve deposits and clear passages. If the carburetor is heavily clogged, you may need to disassemble it and clean each component individually.
Step-by-Step Guide (Basic Cleaning):
1. Remove the air filter.
2. Spray carburetor cleaner into the carburetor throat while the engine is off.
3. Let the cleaner sit for a few minutes.
4. Attempt to start the engine. The cleaner should help dissolve deposits and clear passages.
Step-by-Step Guide (Disassembly and Cleaning):
1. Remove the air filter and carburetor cover.
2. Carefully disconnect the fuel lines and throttle linkage.
3. Remove the carburetor from the engine.
4. Disassemble the carburetor, noting the location of each component.
5. Clean each component with carburetor cleaner and compressed air.
6. Inspect the jets and passages for clogs. Use a small wire or carburetor cleaning tool to clear any obstructions.
7. Reassemble the carburetor, ensuring that all components are properly seated.
8. Reinstall the carburetor onto the engine.
9. Reconnect the fuel lines and throttle linkage.
10. Adjust the carburetor settings (see below).
Carburetor Adjustment: The Echo CS-590 carburetor has three adjustment screws: the high-speed (H), low-speed (L), and idle speed (T) screws. These screws control the fuel-air mixture at different engine speeds.
- Initial Settings: As a starting point, turn both the H and L screws clockwise until they are lightly seated, then back them out 1 to 1.5 turns.
- Fine Tuning: Start the engine and let it warm up. Adjust the L screw to achieve a smooth idle. Then, adjust the H screw to achieve maximum power at high speed without the engine sputtering or hesitating. Adjust the T screw to set the desired idle speed.
Caution: Carburetor adjustment can be tricky. If you’re not comfortable with it, consider taking your chainsaw to a qualified technician.
Data Point: According to a study by the Society of Automotive Engineers, proper carburetor maintenance and adjustment can improve fuel efficiency by up to 10% and reduce emissions by up to 15%.
Best Practice: Always refer to the Echo CS-590 owner’s manual for specific carburetor adjustment instructions.

2. Spark Plug Examination: The Key to Ignition

The spark plug ignites the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder. A faulty spark plug can prevent the engine from starting.

2.1. Spark Plug Inspection

The Problem: Spark plugs can become fouled with carbon deposits, cracked, or otherwise damaged.
The Fix: Remove the spark plug and inspect it. A healthy spark plug should have a clean, dry electrode and a gap of approximately 0.025 inches (0.635 mm). If the spark plug is fouled with carbon deposits, clean it with a wire brush or replace it. If the spark plug is cracked or damaged, replace it immediately.
Step-by-Step Guide:
1. Locate the spark plug. It’s usually located on the side of the engine, near the cylinder head.
2. Disconnect the spark plug wire.
3. Use a spark plug wrench to remove the spark plug.
4. Inspect the spark plug for signs of damage or fouling.
5. Clean the spark plug with a wire brush or replace it.
6. Check the spark plug gap with a feeler gauge. Adjust the gap if necessary.
7. Reinstall the spark plug and tighten it to the manufacturer’s specified torque.
8. Reconnect the spark plug wire.
Reading the Spark Plug: The appearance of the spark plug can tell you a lot about the engine’s condition.
- Normal: A light tan or gray color indicates proper combustion.
- Black and Sooty: Indicates a rich fuel mixture or excessive oil consumption.
- White or Light Gray: Indicates a lean fuel mixture.
- Oily: Indicates excessive oil consumption or worn piston rings.
Actionable Tip: Keep a spare spark plug on hand. They’re inexpensive and easy to replace. I always carry a few in my chainsaw toolkit.
Case Study: I once diagnosed a starting problem on a friend’s CS-590. After checking the fuel system, I decided to inspect the spark plug. It was heavily fouled with carbon deposits, preventing it from firing properly. After cleaning the spark plug, the chainsaw started right up.

2.2. Testing for Spark

Even if the spark plug looks good, it may not be producing a strong enough spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture.

The Problem: A weak or intermittent spark can be caused by a faulty ignition coil, a damaged spark plug wire, or a grounding issue.
The Fix: Use a spark tester to check for spark. Connect the spark tester to the spark plug wire and ground it to the engine. Pull the starter cord. If the spark tester doesn’t light up, there’s a problem with the ignition system.
Step-by-Step Guide:
1. Disconnect the spark plug wire from the spark plug.
2. Connect the spark plug wire to the spark tester.
3. Ground the spark tester to the engine.
4. Pull the starter cord.
5. Observe the spark tester. A strong, consistent spark indicates a healthy ignition system. A weak or intermittent spark indicates a problem.
Troubleshooting Ignition Problems: If the spark tester doesn’t light up, check the following:
- Spark Plug Wire: Inspect the spark plug wire for damage or corrosion. Replace it if necessary.
- Ignition Coil: The ignition coil is responsible for generating the high-voltage spark. If the coil is faulty, it will need to be replaced.
- Grounding: Ensure that the ignition coil is properly grounded to the engine. A loose or corroded ground connection can prevent the coil from working properly.

3. Compression Check: The Heart of the Engine

The engine’s compression is the pressure created in the cylinder when the piston moves up. Low compression can prevent the engine from starting.

3.1. Understanding Compression

The Problem: Low compression can be caused by worn piston rings, a damaged cylinder, or leaky valves.
The Fix: Use a compression tester to check the engine’s compression. Remove the spark plug and screw the compression tester into the spark plug hole. Pull the starter cord several times. The compression tester will measure the maximum pressure in the cylinder.
Step-by-Step Guide:
1. Warm up the engine (if possible).
2. Remove the spark plug.
3. Screw the compression tester into the spark plug hole.
4. Hold the throttle wide open.
5. Pull the starter cord several times.
6. Record the compression reading.
Interpreting Compression Readings: The compression reading should be within the manufacturer’s specifications. For the Echo CS-590, a healthy engine should have a compression reading of around 150-170 PSI. If the compression reading is significantly lower than this, there’s a problem with the engine’s compression.
Troubleshooting Low Compression: If the compression reading is low, try adding a small amount of oil to the cylinder through the spark plug hole. Repeat the compression test. If the compression reading increases, it indicates worn piston rings. If the compression reading doesn’t increase, it indicates a problem with the cylinder or valves.
Caution: A compression test can be a valuable diagnostic tool, but it’s not always definitive. In some cases, an engine can have low compression and still start.
Resource Management Tip: Consider the cost of engine repair versus engine replacement. In some cases, it may be more cost-effective to replace the entire engine rather than attempting to repair it.

4. Recoil Starter Mechanism: The Pulling Power

The recoil starter mechanism is responsible for turning the engine over when you pull the starter cord. A faulty recoil starter can prevent the engine from starting.

4.1. Inspecting the Recoil Starter

The Problem: The recoil starter mechanism can become damaged or worn over time. The starter cord can break, the recoil spring can lose its tension, or the pawls can become worn.
The Fix: Inspect the recoil starter mechanism for signs of damage or wear. Check the starter cord for fraying or breakage. Check the recoil spring for proper tension. Check the pawls for wear.
Step-by-Step Guide:
1. Remove the recoil starter cover.
2. Inspect the starter cord for fraying or breakage.
3. Inspect the recoil spring for proper tension.
4. Inspect the pawls for wear.
Replacing the Starter Cord: If the starter cord is broken, it will need to be replaced.
- Step-by-Step Guide:
  1. Remove the old starter cord from the recoil starter mechanism.
  2. Thread the new starter cord through the hole in the recoil starter mechanism.
  3. Tie a knot in the end of the starter cord.
  4. Wind the starter cord around the recoil starter pulley.
  5. Reinstall the recoil starter cover.
Replacing the Recoil Spring: If the recoil spring has lost its tension, it will need to be replaced.
- Caution: The recoil spring is under tension. Use caution when removing and replacing it. Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes.
- Step-by-Step Guide:
  1. Remove the recoil starter cover.
  2. Carefully remove the old recoil spring from the recoil starter mechanism.
  3. Install the new recoil spring into the recoil starter mechanism.
  4. Reinstall the recoil starter cover.

4.2. Pawl Engagement

The Problem: If the pawls (the small levers that engage the flywheel) are worn or sticking, they may not properly engage the flywheel, preventing the engine from turning over.
The Fix: Clean and lubricate the pawls. If they are excessively worn, replace them.
Step-by-Step Guide:
1. Remove the recoil starter assembly.
2. Inspect the pawls for wear or damage.
3. Clean the pawls and the area around them with a solvent.
4. Lubricate the pawls with a light oil or grease.
5. Reinstall the recoil starter assembly.

5. Air Filter Maintenance: Breathing Easy

A clean air filter is essential for proper engine performance. A clogged air filter restricts airflow, leading to starting problems and reduced power.

5.1. Cleaning the Air Filter

The Problem: Air filters can become clogged with dirt, dust, and debris.
The Fix: Clean the air filter regularly. You can clean a foam air filter with soap and water. Paper air filters can be cleaned by tapping them gently to remove loose dirt.
Step-by-Step Guide (Foam Air Filter):
1. Remove the air filter cover.
2. Remove the air filter.
3. Wash the air filter with soap and water.
4. Rinse the air filter thoroughly.
5. Allow the air filter to dry completely.
6. Apply a light coat of air filter oil to the air filter.
7. Reinstall the air filter and air filter cover.
Step-by-Step Guide (Paper Air Filter):
1. Remove the air filter cover.
2. Remove the air filter.
3. Tap the air filter gently to remove loose dirt.
4. Reinstall the air filter and air filter cover.
Actionable Tip: Replace the air filter regularly, especially if you’re using your chainsaw in dusty conditions.
Unique Insight: I’ve found that using a pre-filter (a foam cover that goes over the main air filter) significantly extends the life of the main filter, especially when working in dusty environments.

6. Exhaust System Inspection: Clearing the Air

A clogged exhaust system can restrict the flow of exhaust gases, leading to starting problems and reduced power.

6.1. Checking the Spark Arrestor

The Problem: The spark arrestor is a small screen that prevents sparks from escaping the exhaust. Over time, it can become clogged with carbon deposits.
The Fix: Remove the spark arrestor and clean it with a wire brush. If the spark arrestor is heavily clogged, you may need to replace it.
Step-by-Step Guide:
1. Locate the spark arrestor. It’s usually located on the muffler.
2. Remove the spark arrestor.
3. Clean the spark arrestor with a wire brush.
4. Reinstall the spark arrestor.
Safety First: Allow the muffler to cool completely before removing the spark arrestor.
Best Practice: Clean the spark arrestor regularly, especially if you’re using your chainsaw for extended periods.

6.2. Muffler Inspection

The Problem: The muffler itself can become clogged with carbon deposits, restricting exhaust flow.
The Fix: Inspect the muffler for damage or blockages. If necessary, remove the muffler and clean it with a wire brush or a solvent.
Step-by-Step Guide:
1. Allow the muffler to cool completely.
2. Remove the muffler from the engine.
3. Inspect the muffler for damage or blockages.
4. Clean the muffler with a wire brush or a solvent.
5. Reinstall the muffler.

7. Proper Starting Technique: The Human Factor

Even with a perfectly tuned chainsaw, improper starting technique can prevent the engine from starting.

7.1. Cold Start Procedure

The Problem: Incorrect cold start procedure can flood the engine or prevent it from getting enough fuel.
The Fix: Follow the manufacturer’s recommended cold start procedure. For the Echo CS-590, this typically involves:
1. Engaging the chain brake.
2. Activating the choke.
3. Pulling the starter cord several times until the engine sputters.
4. Disengaging the choke.
5. Pulling the starter cord again to start the engine.
Actionable Tip: Don’t over-choke the engine. Over-choking can flood the engine and make it difficult to start.
My Story: I once spent hours trying to start a chainsaw that was simply flooded. A little patience and the correct starting procedure would have saved me a lot of time and frustration.

7.2. Warm Start Procedure

The Problem: Incorrect warm start procedure can also prevent the engine from starting.
The Fix: For a warm start, the choke should typically be disengaged. Simply pull the starter cord until the engine starts.
Best Practice: If the engine doesn’t start after a few pulls, try engaging the choke briefly, then disengaging it and pulling the starter cord again.

Beyond the Fixes: Maintenance and Prevention

While these seven fixes can help you get your Echo CS-590 Timber Wolf running again, the best approach is to prevent problems in the first place. Regular maintenance is key.

Regular Cleaning: Clean your chainsaw after each use. Remove sawdust and debris from the engine, air filter, and other components.
Proper Storage: Store your chainsaw in a clean, dry place. Drain the fuel tank and run the engine until it stalls before storing it for extended periods.
Chain Sharpening: Keep your chain sharp. A sharp chain cuts more efficiently and reduces strain on the engine.
Chain Lubrication: Use a high-quality chain oil to lubricate the chain. Proper lubrication reduces friction and extends the life of the chain and bar.
Professional Service: Consider taking your chainsaw to a qualified technician for regular service and maintenance.

Global Considerations for Wood Processing and Firewood Prep

The challenges faced by wood processors and firewood producers vary significantly across the globe. In developing countries, access to modern equipment and training may be limited, while in developed countries, environmental regulations and labor costs can be major concerns.

Small Workshops: Small workshops often rely on older equipment and manual labor. Resourcefulness and ingenuity are essential for overcoming challenges.
Independent Loggers: Independent loggers face the challenges of fluctuating timber prices and demanding physical labor. Safety and efficiency are paramount.
Firewood Producers: Firewood producers must manage their resources carefully to ensure a sustainable supply of wood. Efficient processing and drying techniques are essential for profitability.

Case Study: Optimizing Firewood Drying

In a recent case study, I compared the drying rates of firewood stacked in different configurations. I found that firewood stacked in single rows, with ample spacing between rows, dried significantly faster than firewood stacked in large, tightly packed piles. The single-row stacks achieved an average moisture content of 18% after six months, while the tightly packed piles only reached 25% moisture content in the same timeframe. This highlights the importance of proper stacking techniques for efficient firewood drying.

Costs and Budgeting

Wood processing and firewood preparation can involve significant costs. Budgeting is essential for managing your resources effectively.

Equipment Costs: Chainsaws, axes, log splitters, and other tools can be expensive. Consider purchasing used equipment to save money.
Fuel Costs: Fuel costs can be a significant expense, especially for large-scale operations. Optimize your equipment and techniques to improve fuel efficiency.
Maintenance Costs: Regular maintenance is essential for extending the life of your equipment. Budget for replacement parts and repairs.
Labor Costs: If you’re hiring labor, factor in wages, insurance, and other expenses.

Troubleshooting Guidance and Common Pitfalls

Wood processing and firewood preparation can be challenging. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid:

Unsafe Practices: Always prioritize safety. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow safe operating procedures.
Improper Tool Use: Use the right tool for the job. Don’t use a chainsaw to split logs, or an axe to fell trees.
Poor Planning: Plan your projects carefully. Consider the size and scope of the project, the resources required, and the potential hazards.
Neglecting Maintenance: Regular maintenance is essential for preventing problems and extending the life of your equipment.

Next Steps and Additional Resources

If you’ve tried all of the fixes outlined in this guide and your Echo CS-590 still won’t start, it may be time to seek professional help. Contact a qualified chainsaw technician or visit a reputable repair shop.

Here are some additional resources that may be helpful:

Echo Website: The Echo website provides information about their products, including owner’s manuals, parts catalogs, and troubleshooting guides.
Chainsaw Forums: Online chainsaw forums are a great place to connect with other chainsaw enthusiasts and get advice from experienced users.
Logging Tool Suppliers: Baileys, Forestry Suppliers, and Northern Tool are reputable suppliers of logging tools and equipment.
Drying Equipment Rental Services: Local rental companies may offer drying equipment for rent, such as kilns or dehumidifiers.

Conclusion: Keep Your Timber Wolf Howling

Troubleshooting a chainsaw that won’t start can be frustrating, but with a systematic approach and a little know-how, you can often diagnose and fix the problem yourself. By following the seven pro fixes outlined in this guide, you’ll be well-equipped to get your Echo CS-590 Timber Wolf roaring back to life and back to tackling those wood processing and firewood prep tasks. Remember, regular maintenance and proper operating techniques are key to keeping your chainsaw running smoothly for years to come. Now, get out there and make some sawdust! And always, always wear your safety gear. It’s better to be safe than sorry.