Does Hemlock Make Good Firewood? (5 Expert Tips For Seasoning)

Living Smart Starts with a Warm Hearth: Is Hemlock Your Firewood Friend or Foe?

In a world increasingly focused on sustainable living, the allure of a crackling fire on a cold evening remains a timeless comfort. The wood-burning stove and fireplace have seen a resurgence in popularity, fueled by both aesthetic appeal and a desire for energy independence. Globally, the firewood industry is a significant player, with demand fluctuating based on energy prices and weather patterns. According to recent reports, the global firewood market is projected to reach substantial growth in the coming years, driven by both residential heating needs and the burgeoning outdoor recreation sector. But with so many wood species available, the question arises: does hemlock make good firewood? And if so, how do you coax the best burn out of it?

I’ve spent years honing my skills in the forest and around the woodpile, learning the nuances of different wood types through trial and (sometimes smoky) error. I’ve learned that not all wood is created equal, and what burns well in one region might be a dud in another. Hemlock often gets a bad rap, but I’m here to tell you that with the right knowledge and techniques, it can be a perfectly acceptable, even useful, firewood option. Let’s dive deep into the world of hemlock firewood, separating fact from fiction and equipping you with the knowledge to make an informed decision.

Hemlock Firewood: Understanding the Basics

Hemlock, specifically Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in North America and similar species elsewhere, is a softwood tree often found in cooler, wetter climates. Its reputation as firewood isn’t stellar, but understanding its properties is crucial before dismissing it outright.

Hemlock’s Pros and Cons as Firewood

Here’s a balanced look at what hemlock brings to the fire:

Pros:

Relatively Easy to Split: Hemlock tends to split fairly easily, especially when green. This can save you significant time and effort, particularly if you’re processing large quantities of firewood by hand.
Dries Relatively Quickly: Compared to denser hardwoods like oak or maple, hemlock dries faster. This means you can potentially burn it sooner after cutting and splitting.
Readily Available: In many regions, hemlock is abundant. This can make it a more accessible and affordable firewood option.
Starts Easily: Hemlock ignites readily, making it good for kindling or starting fires.

Cons:

Low Heat Output: Hemlock has a relatively low BTU (British Thermal Unit) rating compared to hardwoods. This means it produces less heat per volume, requiring you to burn more to achieve the same warmth.
Smoky Burn: Hemlock can be a bit smoky, especially if not properly seasoned. This can be a nuisance and potentially problematic for indoor use.
Sparks and Pops: Hemlock tends to spark and pop more than hardwoods, posing a potential fire hazard if not contained properly in a stove or fireplace with a screen.
Decays Quickly: Hemlock is prone to rot, so it’s essential to store it properly to prevent deterioration.

BTU Rating: The Heat Output Factor

The BTU (British Thermal Unit) is a standard measure of heat output. It represents the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. Firewood BTU ratings vary significantly depending on the wood species.

Hemlock BTU Rating: Hemlock typically has a BTU rating of around 15-17 million BTUs per cord (a standard unit of firewood volume).
Comparison: In contrast, hardwoods like oak can have BTU ratings of 20-30 million BTUs per cord. This means you’ll need almost twice as much hemlock to produce the same amount of heat as oak.

Green vs. Seasoned Wood: The Moisture Content Matters

The moisture content of firewood is arguably the most critical factor determining its burn quality.

Green Wood: Freshly cut wood contains a high percentage of water, often exceeding 50%. Burning green wood is inefficient because much of the energy is used to boil off the water, resulting in less heat, more smoke, and creosote buildup in your chimney.
Seasoned Wood: Seasoned wood has been dried to a moisture content of 20% or less. Burning seasoned wood produces more heat, less smoke, and reduces the risk of creosote buildup.

5 Expert Tips for Seasoning Hemlock Firewood

Seasoning hemlock properly is the key to maximizing its potential as firewood. Here are five expert tips to help you achieve optimal drying:

1. Cut, Split, and Stack (CSS) Immediately

The sooner you process the hemlock after felling it, the better. This is because the moisture starts to evaporate as soon as the tree is cut down.

Why it Works: Splitting the wood exposes more surface area to the air, accelerating the drying process. Stacking allows for air circulation, further promoting moisture evaporation.
My Experience: I once left a hemlock log lying in the woods for several weeks before processing it. It was significantly harder to split, and it took much longer to dry compared to logs I processed immediately.
Actionable Steps:
1. Fell the tree: Use proper felling techniques to ensure safety and minimize damage to the surrounding environment. I always recommend a chainsaw for this. A good rule of thumb is that if you are cutting trees bigger than 6 inches in diameter, a chainsaw is the tool for the job.
2. De-limb: Remove all branches from the trunk.
3. Buck: Cut the trunk into manageable lengths (typically 16-18 inches for most stoves).
4. Split: Split the logs into smaller pieces.
5. Stack: Stack the split wood in a well-ventilated area.

2. Choose the Right Stacking Location and Method

The location and method of stacking are crucial for efficient drying.

Location: Select a sunny, windy location with good drainage. Avoid areas that are shaded or prone to standing water.
Stacking Method:
- Elevate the Stack: Place the wood on pallets, cinder blocks, or other materials to keep it off the ground. This prevents moisture from wicking up into the wood.
- Single Row Stacking: Stack the wood in single rows to maximize air circulation.
- Crisscross Ends: Crisscross the ends of the stack to create a stable structure and further improve airflow.
- Leave Space: Leave a few inches between rows to allow for even more air circulation.
Data Point: Studies have shown that elevated, single-row stacks dry significantly faster than ground-level, tightly packed stacks. Expect to see a 20-30% increase in drying speed with proper stacking.
Common Pitfall: Stacking wood against a building can trap moisture and hinder drying.

3. Top Cover is Key, But Leave the Sides Open

Protecting the top of the woodpile from rain and snow is essential, but it’s equally important to allow for airflow around the sides.

Why it Works: A cover prevents rainwater from soaking the wood, while open sides allow for moisture to escape.
Materials: Use tarps, metal roofing, or even large pieces of plywood to cover the top of the stack. Secure the cover to prevent it from blowing away.
My Recommendation: I prefer using metal roofing scraps because they’re durable, waterproof, and allow for some breathability.
Important Note: Avoid wrapping the entire stack in a tarp, as this will trap moisture and prevent the wood from drying properly.

4. Monitor Moisture Content with a Wood Moisture Meter

A wood moisture meter is an invaluable tool for determining when your firewood is properly seasoned.

How it Works: The meter measures the electrical resistance of the wood, which is correlated to its moisture content.
Target Moisture Content: Aim for a moisture content of 20% or less for optimal burning.
Testing Procedure: Split a few logs and test the moisture content on the freshly exposed surfaces. Take multiple readings to get an accurate average.
Cost Consideration: A decent wood moisture meter can be purchased for around $30-$50. This is a worthwhile investment that will save you time, frustration, and potentially prevent chimney problems.
Troubleshooting: If the moisture content is still too high, continue seasoning the wood for a few more weeks or months, depending on the climate.

5. Be Patient: The Waiting Game

Seasoning firewood takes time, and patience is key. The drying time will vary depending on the climate, wood species, and stacking method.

General Timeline:
- Hemlock: Expect hemlock to take at least 6-9 months to season properly.
- Hardwoods: Hardwoods like oak can take 12-18 months or even longer.
Accelerating the Process:
- Solar Kilns: Consider building or purchasing a small solar kiln to accelerate the drying process.
- Forced Air Drying: In commercial operations, forced air drying systems are used to dry firewood quickly.
My Personal Touch: I keep a detailed log of when I cut, split, and stacked each batch of firewood. This helps me track the seasoning progress and plan accordingly.

Chainsaws, Axes, and More: Tool Selection for Hemlock Firewood

Selecting the right tools can make the firewood preparation process significantly easier and more efficient.

Chainsaws: The Powerhouse for Felling and Bucking

A chainsaw is essential for felling trees and bucking logs into manageable lengths.

Types of Chainsaws:
- Gas-Powered: Gas-powered chainsaws offer the most power and are suitable for heavy-duty tasks.
- Electric: Electric chainsaws are quieter, lighter, and easier to maintain, but they may not be as powerful as gas-powered models.
- Battery-Powered: Battery-powered chainsaws offer a good balance of power and convenience.
Key Features:
- Engine Size: Choose an engine size appropriate for the size of the trees you’ll be felling.
- Bar Length: Select a bar length that is long enough to cut through the largest logs you’ll be processing.
- Safety Features: Look for chainsaws with safety features such as chain brakes, anti-vibration systems, and throttle locks.
Chainsaw Maintenance:
- Sharpening: Keep the chain sharp for efficient cutting.
- Lubrication: Use the correct chain oil to lubricate the chain and bar.
- Cleaning: Clean the chainsaw regularly to remove sawdust and debris.
My Recommendation: For most homeowners, a mid-range gas-powered chainsaw with a 16-18 inch bar is a good choice. I personally use a Stihl MS 271 Farm Boss.

Axes and Splitting Mauls: The Muscle Power for Splitting Logs

Axes and splitting mauls are used to split logs into smaller pieces.

Types of Axes:
- Felling Axe: A felling axe is designed for felling trees.
- Splitting Axe: A splitting axe has a wider head and is designed for splitting logs.
- Splitting Maul: A splitting maul is heavier than a splitting axe and is designed for splitting larger, tougher logs.
Key Features:
- Weight: Choose a weight that you can comfortably swing for extended periods.
- Handle Length: Select a handle length that is appropriate for your height and arm length.
- Head Shape: Choose a head shape that is designed for the type of wood you’ll be splitting.
Splitting Techniques:
- Aim for Cracks: Aim for existing cracks or knots in the wood.
- Use a Splitting Block: Use a splitting block to provide a stable surface for splitting.
- Swing with Power: Swing the axe or maul with power and precision.
My Experience: I find that a splitting maul is more effective for splitting hemlock, as its weight helps to overcome the wood’s resistance.

Hydraulic Log Splitters: The Effortless Option

Hydraulic log splitters are a powered alternative to axes and mauls, making splitting logs much easier, especially for larger volumes.

Types of Log Splitters:
- Electric: Electric log splitters are quieter and easier to maintain than gas-powered models.
- Gas-Powered: Gas-powered log splitters offer more power and are suitable for splitting larger logs.
Key Features:
- Tonnage: Choose a tonnage rating that is appropriate for the size and type of wood you’ll be splitting.
- Cycle Time: Consider the cycle time, which is the time it takes for the splitter to complete a full splitting cycle.
- Log Capacity: Check the log capacity to ensure that the splitter can accommodate the size of logs you’ll be processing.
Cost Consideration: Hydraulic log splitters can be a significant investment, ranging from a few hundred dollars for smaller electric models to several thousand dollars for larger gas-powered models.
My Insight: While log splitters are great for speed and reducing physical strain, they can also be overkill for smaller jobs or for those who enjoy the physical aspect of splitting wood by hand.

Safety First: Essential Precautions When Handling Hemlock

Working with firewood involves inherent risks. Prioritizing safety is crucial to prevent injuries.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Eye Protection: Wear safety glasses or goggles to protect your eyes from flying debris.
Hearing Protection: Wear earplugs or earmuffs to protect your hearing from chainsaw noise.
Gloves: Wear work gloves to protect your hands from splinters and cuts.
Steel-Toed Boots: Wear steel-toed boots to protect your feet from falling logs.
Chainsaw Chaps: Wear chainsaw chaps to protect your legs from chainsaw injuries.

Safe Chainsaw Operation

Read the Manual: Read and understand the chainsaw’s operating manual before using it.
Inspect the Chainsaw: Inspect the chainsaw before each use to ensure that it is in good working condition.
Clear the Area: Clear the area around the tree before felling it.
Use Proper Felling Techniques: Use proper felling techniques to ensure that the tree falls in the desired direction.
Maintain a Firm Grip: Maintain a firm grip on the chainsaw at all times.
Never Cut Above Shoulder Height: Never cut above shoulder height.
Be Aware of Kickback: Be aware of the risk of chainsaw kickback.

Safe Splitting Practices

Use a Stable Splitting Block: Use a stable splitting block to provide a safe and secure surface for splitting.
Keep Your Feet Clear: Keep your feet clear of the axe or maul.
Swing with Control: Swing the axe or maul with control.
Take Breaks: Take breaks to avoid fatigue.

Hemlock’s Place in Your Firewood Strategy: A Balanced Perspective

So, does hemlock make good firewood? The answer, as with many things, is “it depends.” It’s not the best, but it’s far from the worst.

When Hemlock is a Good Choice

Shoulder Season Burning: Hemlock is well-suited for shoulder season burning (spring and fall) when you don’t need intense heat.
Mixing with Hardwoods: Mixing hemlock with hardwoods can help you stretch your supply of more valuable firewood.
Kindling and Fire Starters: Hemlock’s easy ignition makes it excellent for kindling and fire starters.
Cost-Effective Option: If hemlock is readily available and affordable in your area, it can be a cost-effective alternative to more expensive hardwoods.

When to Avoid Hemlock

Primary Heating Source: If you rely on wood for primary heating in a cold climate, you’ll likely need to burn a significant amount of hemlock to stay warm. Hardwoods are a more efficient choice.
Indoor Use: Due to its smoky nature, hemlock is best suited for outdoor fires or wood stoves with good ventilation.
Air Quality Concerns: If you live in an area with strict air quality regulations, burning hemlock may not be the best option.

Case Study: Hemlock Firewood in the Pacific Northwest

I worked with a small-scale firewood producer in the Pacific Northwest who successfully incorporated hemlock into their firewood business. They focused on proper seasoning techniques, educated their customers about hemlock’s properties, and positioned it as an affordable option for shoulder season burning and outdoor use. They found that many customers appreciated the easy ignition and quick drying time of hemlock, especially for recreational fires. This case study highlights the importance of understanding your local market and tailoring your firewood strategy accordingly.

Cost Considerations and Resource Management

Firewood preparation involves both time and money. Here’s a breakdown of cost considerations and resource management tips:

Cost Breakdown

Equipment Costs: Chainsaws, axes, log splitters, and moisture meters represent significant upfront costs.
Fuel and Maintenance: Factor in the cost of fuel, chain oil, and maintenance for your chainsaw and other equipment.
Storage: Consider the cost of materials for building or purchasing firewood storage structures.
Time Investment: Don’t underestimate the value of your time. Firewood preparation can be a labor-intensive process.

Resource Management Tips

Salvage Wood: Utilize salvaged wood from fallen trees or construction projects whenever possible.
Buy in Bulk: Purchase firewood in bulk to save money.
Share Resources: Consider sharing equipment with neighbors or friends.
Sell Excess Firewood: Sell any excess firewood to recoup your costs.

Troubleshooting and Common Pitfalls

Even with the best planning, things can go wrong. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid and troubleshooting tips:

Wood Won’t Split

Problem: The wood is too tough to split.
Solution: Try using a heavier splitting maul or a hydraulic log splitter. You can also try splitting the wood when it’s frozen, as this can make it more brittle.

Firewood Dries Slowly

Problem: The firewood is not drying quickly enough.
Solution: Ensure that the wood is properly stacked in a sunny, windy location. Consider using a fan to improve air circulation.

Smoky Burn

Problem: The firewood is burning smoky.
Solution: Ensure that the firewood is properly seasoned. You can also try using a different type of firewood.

Creosote Buildup

Problem: Creosote is building up in your chimney.
Solution: Have your chimney professionally cleaned regularly. Burn properly seasoned firewood.

Next Steps and Additional Resources

Now that you’re armed with the knowledge to tackle hemlock firewood, here are some next steps and additional resources:

Find a Local Supplier: Locate a local supplier of logging tools and firewood equipment.
Join a Firewood Forum: Connect with other firewood enthusiasts online to share tips and advice.
Attend a Workshop: Attend a workshop on firewood preparation and safety.
Read More: Research different wood species and their properties as firewood.

Conclusion: Embracing the Firewood Journey

Working with firewood is a rewarding experience that connects us to nature and provides a sustainable source of heat. While hemlock may not be the king of firewood, it can certainly play a valuable role in your firewood strategy. By understanding its properties, following proper seasoning techniques, and prioritizing safety, you can harness the potential of hemlock and enjoy the warmth and comfort of a crackling fire. So, get out there, embrace the journey, and happy burning!