Cutting Tree Roots Safely (5 Pro Arborist Tips)

Cutting Tree Roots Safely: 5 Pro Arborist Tips (From the Pacific Northwest)

Let me tell you, I’ve seen my fair share of tree roots in my time. Working as an arborist here in the Pacific Northwest, I’ve wrestled with everything from the shallow, sprawling roots of Sitka Spruce clinging to the coastline to the deeply entrenched anchors of old-growth Douglas Fir in the Cascades. Removing tree roots, whether it’s for construction, landscaping, or simply hazard mitigation, can be a tricky and dangerous business. It’s not as simple as hacking away with an axe – you need a plan, the right tools, and a healthy dose of respect for the power you’re dealing with.

I’m going to share five pro arborist tips that I’ve learned over the years – lessons hard-earned from real-world experiences, near misses, and the occasional face full of mud. These aren’t just abstract ideas; they’re practical strategies you can apply to your own projects to cut tree roots safely and efficiently. We’ll cover everything from proper tool selection to understanding root systems and mitigating potential hazards. So, grab a cup of coffee, and let’s get started.

1. Understand the Root System Before You Lift a Finger

Before you even think about firing up a chainsaw, you need to understand the root system you’re dealing with. It’s like diagnosing a medical condition – you wouldn’t prescribe treatment without understanding the underlying problem, right? The same goes for tree roots.

Why it Matters:

Tree Stability: Cutting major structural roots can compromise the tree’s stability, potentially leading to it falling over, especially during high winds or heavy rain. This is a major concern, particularly in areas prone to storms like we have here on the coast.
Tree Health: Roots are the lifeline of a tree, providing water and nutrients. Severing too many roots can weaken the tree, making it susceptible to disease and insect infestations. Think of it like cutting off arteries – the tree will suffer.
Underground Utilities: Roots often grow around and even through underground utilities like water lines, gas lines, and electrical cables. Hitting one of these can be catastrophic, leading to injuries, property damage, and hefty fines.
Soil Erosion: Root systems help to bind the soil together, preventing erosion. Removing too many roots, especially on slopes, can lead to soil instability and landslides.

How to Assess the Root System:

Visual Inspection: Start by carefully examining the area around the tree. Look for exposed roots, surface roots, and any signs of damage or decay. Pay attention to the size and distribution of the roots. Are they concentrated on one side of the tree, or are they evenly spread out?
Root Flare Excavation: Carefully excavate around the base of the tree to expose the root flare – the point where the trunk transitions into the roots. This will give you a better understanding of the size and location of the major structural roots. Use hand tools like shovels and trowels to avoid damaging the roots.
Call Before You Dig: This is absolutely crucial. In the US, dial 811 before you dig. They will mark the location of underground utilities, helping you avoid potential disasters. This is a free service and can save you a lot of headaches. Other countries have similar services; research the equivalent in your area.
Consider Tree Species: Different tree species have different root systems. For example, Willows tend to have shallow, wide-spreading roots, while Oaks often have a deep taproot. Understanding the typical root system of the tree species you’re dealing with can help you anticipate potential challenges.

Data Point: A study by the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) found that improper root pruning is a leading cause of tree decline and death in urban environments. This highlights the importance of understanding root systems and using proper pruning techniques.

My Experience: I once worked on a project where we were removing a large Western Red Cedar to make way for a new building. The initial plan was to simply cut off the roots flush with the ground. However, after carefully excavating around the base of the tree, we discovered that several major structural roots were running directly under the proposed building foundation. If we had proceeded with the original plan, we would have severely compromised the tree’s stability and potentially damaged the foundation. We ended up adjusting the building design to avoid cutting those critical roots.

2. Choose the Right Tools for the Job

Using the right tools is essential for safe and efficient root cutting. Just like a carpenter wouldn’t use a hammer to drive a screw, you shouldn’t use the wrong tool for cutting tree roots.

Common Tools and Their Uses:

Chainsaw: A chainsaw is the most common tool for cutting tree roots, especially large ones. However, it’s also one of the most dangerous. Choose a chainsaw that is appropriately sized for the job. A smaller chainsaw is easier to control and less likely to kick back, while a larger chainsaw can handle thicker roots more efficiently.
- Data Point: Chainsaw-related injuries account for a significant percentage of logging and arborist accidents each year. Proper training and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) are crucial to prevent injuries.
Reciprocating Saw (Sawzall): A reciprocating saw is a versatile tool that can be used for cutting smaller roots and hard-to-reach areas. It’s also useful for cutting roots that are close to underground utilities, as it’s less likely to damage them than a chainsaw.
Hand Saw: A hand saw is a good option for cutting small roots or for making precise cuts. It’s also a safer option than a chainsaw or reciprocating saw, as it doesn’t have a motor.
Axe/Mattock: An axe or mattock can be used to chop through smaller roots or to expose larger roots for cutting with a chainsaw. Be careful when using these tools, as they can be dangerous if not used properly.
Root Pruning Shovel: A root pruning shovel is a specialized tool designed for cutting roots cleanly and efficiently. It has a sharp, beveled blade that can easily slice through roots without damaging surrounding soil.
High-Pressure Water Jetting (Hydro Excavation): This technique uses a high-pressure stream of water to remove soil and expose roots. It’s a safe and efficient way to excavate around roots without damaging them. It’s particularly useful when working near underground utilities.

Tool Selection Considerations:

Root Size: The size of the roots you’re cutting will determine the type of tool you need. For small roots, a hand saw or root pruning shovel may be sufficient. For larger roots, you’ll need a chainsaw or reciprocating saw.
Root Location: The location of the roots will also influence your tool selection. If the roots are in a tight space or close to underground utilities, a reciprocating saw or high-pressure water jetting may be the best option.
Soil Conditions: The type of soil you’re working in can also affect your tool selection. In rocky or sandy soil, a chainsaw blade can quickly become dull. In these conditions, a reciprocating saw with a carbide-tipped blade may be a better option.
Safety: Safety should always be your top priority when selecting tools. Choose tools that you are comfortable using and that are appropriate for the job. Always wear appropriate PPE, including eye protection, hearing protection, gloves, and sturdy boots.

My Experience: I remember one time when I was using a chainsaw to cut through a large root. I was wearing all the appropriate PPE, but I got complacent and didn’t pay close enough attention to the direction of the cut. The chainsaw kicked back, and the bar came dangerously close to my leg. Thankfully, I was able to react quickly and avoid injury. That experience taught me the importance of always being vigilant and respecting the power of the tools I’m using.

3. Prioritize Safety: PPE and Safe Cutting Techniques

Safety is paramount when cutting tree roots. As I mentioned before, chainsaws and other tools can be dangerous if not used properly. Always wear appropriate PPE and follow safe cutting techniques to minimize the risk of injury.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Eye Protection: Safety glasses or a face shield are essential to protect your eyes from flying debris. Roots can be dirty and can easily fling dirt, rocks, and wood chips into your face.
Hearing Protection: Chainsaws and other power tools can be very loud. Wear earplugs or earmuffs to protect your hearing. Prolonged exposure to loud noise can cause permanent hearing damage.
Gloves: Gloves will protect your hands from cuts, scrapes, and blisters. Choose gloves that are durable and provide a good grip.
Sturdy Boots: Wear sturdy boots with good ankle support to protect your feet and ankles. Steel-toed boots are recommended when using chainsaws.
Chainsaw Chaps: Chainsaw chaps are essential for protecting your legs from chainsaw cuts. They are made of a special material that will stop the chainsaw chain from cutting through.
Hard Hat: A hard hat will protect your head from falling branches and other debris.

Safe Cutting Techniques:

Clear the Area: Before you start cutting, clear the area around the tree of any obstacles, such as rocks, branches, and debris. This will help to prevent tripping hazards and ensure that you have a clear line of sight.
Plan Your Cuts: Before you start cutting, plan your cuts carefully. Think about the direction the root will fall and make sure that there is nothing in the way. Avoid cutting roots that are under tension, as they can snap back and cause injury.
Use Proper Stance: Maintain a stable stance with your feet shoulder-width apart. Keep your weight balanced and avoid reaching or overextending.
Keep a Firm Grip: Keep a firm grip on the tool with both hands. This will help you to control the tool and prevent it from kicking back.
Use Sharp Blades: Dull blades are more likely to kick back and can also be more difficult to control. Sharpen your blades regularly or replace them when they become dull.
Avoid Cutting in the “Kickback Zone”: The kickback zone is the upper quadrant of the chainsaw bar. Cutting in this area can cause the chainsaw to kick back violently, potentially causing serious injury.
Take Breaks: Cutting tree roots can be physically demanding. Take breaks regularly to avoid fatigue. Fatigue can impair your judgment and increase the risk of injury.
Work with a Partner: When possible, work with a partner. This will allow you to assist each other and provide a second set of eyes to watch for potential hazards.
Communicate Clearly: If you are working with a partner, communicate clearly about your plans and intentions. This will help to prevent misunderstandings and ensure that everyone is on the same page.

Data Point: According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), proper training is essential for preventing chainsaw-related injuries. OSHA requires employers to provide training to employees who use chainsaws.

My Experience: I once witnessed a serious accident involving a chainsaw. A homeowner was attempting to remove a tree root without wearing proper PPE or following safe cutting techniques. The chainsaw kicked back and severely cut his leg. He required emergency surgery and a long recovery. That incident was a stark reminder of the importance of safety when working with chainsaws.

4. Root Pruning Techniques: Minimizing Damage to the Tree

When cutting tree roots, it’s important to minimize damage to the tree. As I mentioned earlier, roots are the lifeline of the tree, and severing too many roots can weaken the tree and make it susceptible to disease and insect infestations.

Root Pruning Guidelines:

Limit Root Removal: As a general rule, avoid removing more than 25% of the tree’s root system. Removing more than this can significantly stress the tree and potentially lead to its decline or death.
Prioritize Small Roots: When possible, prioritize cutting small roots over large roots. Small roots are less important for the tree’s stability and health.
Make Clean Cuts: Use sharp tools to make clean cuts. Ragged or jagged cuts can create entry points for disease and insects.
Cut at a 45-Degree Angle: Cut roots at a 45-degree angle to promote healing. This will help to prevent water from pooling on the cut surface and creating a breeding ground for bacteria and fungi.
Backfill Immediately: After cutting the roots, backfill the area with soil as soon as possible. This will help to protect the exposed roots from drying out and becoming damaged.
Water and Fertilize: After root pruning, water and fertilize the tree to help it recover. Use a slow-release fertilizer that is specifically formulated for trees.
Monitor the Tree: Monitor the tree closely for signs of stress, such as leaf yellowing, leaf drop, and branch dieback. If you notice any of these symptoms, consult with a certified arborist.

Root Barrier Installation:

In some cases, it may be necessary to install a root barrier to prevent roots from growing into unwanted areas. A root barrier is a physical barrier that is installed in the ground to redirect root growth.

Types of Root Barriers: There are several types of root barriers available, including plastic barriers, fabric barriers, and chemical barriers. The type of root barrier you choose will depend on the specific application and the type of soil you’re working in.
Installation: Root barriers should be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Typically, the barrier is buried in the ground to a depth of at least 18 inches.
Considerations: When installing a root barrier, it’s important to consider the potential impact on the tree’s root system. Avoid installing the barrier too close to the tree, as this can restrict root growth and stress the tree.

Data Point: Research has shown that root pruning can actually stimulate root growth in some cases. This is because the tree will respond to the loss of roots by producing new roots. However, it’s important to note that this response is dependent on the tree species, the amount of root removed, and the overall health of the tree.

My Experience: I once worked on a project where we were installing a root barrier to protect a sidewalk from tree roots. We carefully excavated around the tree and installed the barrier according to the manufacturer’s instructions. We were careful to avoid cutting any major structural roots. After the barrier was installed, we backfilled the area with soil and watered the tree. The tree remained healthy and the sidewalk was protected from root damage.

5. Dealing with Specific Challenges: Rocks, Utilities, and Root Suckers

Cutting tree roots can present a variety of challenges, including rocks, underground utilities, and root suckers. Knowing how to deal with these challenges can help you to complete the job safely and efficiently.

Rocks:

Avoid Direct Contact: If you encounter rocks while cutting roots, try to avoid direct contact with the rocks. Hitting rocks with a chainsaw blade can damage the blade and cause it to kick back.
Use a Rock Bar: A rock bar is a specialized tool that can be used to pry rocks out of the way. It’s a long, metal bar with a chisel-shaped end.
Switch to a Different Tool: If you’re having trouble cutting through roots because of rocks, consider switching to a different tool, such as a reciprocating saw or hand saw.

Underground Utilities:

Call Before You Dig: As I mentioned earlier, it’s crucial to call before you dig to locate underground utilities. This will help you to avoid hitting a utility line and causing damage or injury.
Hand Excavation: When working near underground utilities, use hand tools to excavate around the roots. This will help you to avoid damaging the utility lines.
High-Pressure Water Jetting: High-pressure water jetting is a safe and efficient way to excavate around roots without damaging underground utilities.
Insulated Tools: Use insulated tools when working near electrical lines. This will help to protect you from electric shock.

Root Suckers:

What are Root Suckers? Root suckers are new shoots that grow from the roots of a tree. They can be a nuisance, as they can spread and create new trees in unwanted areas.
Control Methods: There are several ways to control root suckers, including:
- Hand Pruning: Hand pruning is the most common method of controlling root suckers. Simply cut the suckers off at ground level with pruning shears or a hand saw.
- Herbicide Application: Herbicides can be used to kill root suckers. However, it’s important to use herbicides carefully, as they can also damage the tree.
- Root Barrier Installation: Installing a root barrier can prevent root suckers from spreading into unwanted areas.

Data Point: Some tree species are more prone to producing root suckers than others. For example, Aspen, Poplar, and Sumac are known for their tendency to produce root suckers.

My Experience: I once worked on a project where we were removing a large Aspen tree. The tree had produced a large number of root suckers, which had spread throughout the surrounding area. We used a combination of hand pruning and herbicide application to control the root suckers. We also installed a root barrier to prevent them from spreading further.

Conclusion: Respect the Roots, Respect the Tree

Cutting tree roots safely requires a combination of knowledge, skill, and respect. By understanding root systems, choosing the right tools, prioritizing safety, using proper pruning techniques, and dealing with specific challenges, you can minimize the risk of injury and ensure the health and stability of the tree.

Remember, every tree is different, and every situation is unique. Take the time to assess the situation carefully before you start cutting, and don’t be afraid to ask for help from a certified arborist if you’re unsure about anything.

I hope these pro arborist tips have been helpful. Now, get out there and tackle those tree roots with confidence and care! And always remember, safety first! The forests of the Pacific Northwest, and indeed the world, are worth preserving – and that starts with understanding the intricate web of life beneath our feet.

Cutting Tree Roots Safely (5 Pro Arborist Tips)