CS 400 Chainsaw Review (5 Pro Tips for Efficient Firewood Prep)

Did you know that improperly seasoned firewood can reduce your wood stove’s efficiency by up to 40%? That’s like throwing money straight into the chimney! With the right tools and techniques, though, you can maximize your firewood yield and heating efficiency. Today, I’m diving deep into the world of firewood preparation, focusing on the Stihl MS 250 chainsaw (previously known as CS 400) and sharing five pro tips to help you become a firewood-prepping master.

The Stihl MS 250 Chainsaw: A Firewood Warrior

The Stihl MS 250 is a popular choice for homeowners and small-scale firewood producers alike. It strikes a good balance between power, weight, and affordability, making it a versatile tool for tackling a variety of firewood tasks. I’ve used this saw for years on my property, and it’s proven to be a reliable workhorse.

Why Choose the Stihl MS 250?

• Power: The MS 250 typically features a 45.6 cc engine, providing ample power for cutting through medium-sized logs.
• Weight: At around 10.1 pounds (without the bar and chain), it’s light enough to handle for extended periods without excessive fatigue.
• User-Friendly: Features like the Easy2Start™ system and Master Control Lever™ make it easy to start and operate, even for beginners.
• Durability: Stihl is known for its quality construction, and the MS 250 is no exception. With proper maintenance, it can last for many years.
• Affordability: While not the cheapest chainsaw on the market, the MS 250 offers excellent value for its performance and features.

Firewood Preparation: An Overview

Before we get into the pro tips, let’s quickly cover the basics of firewood preparation. The goal is to transform raw logs into seasoned firewood that burns efficiently and cleanly. This involves several key steps:

1. Felling: Safely cutting down trees.
2. De-limbing: Removing branches from the felled tree.
3. Bucking: Cutting the trunk into manageable lengths.
4. Splitting: Dividing the logs into smaller pieces for faster drying.
5. Seasoning: Allowing the wood to dry to an appropriate moisture content.
6. Storage: Stacking the firewood in a way that promotes airflow and prevents rot.

Global Firewood Industry: Trends and Statistics

The global firewood industry is a significant sector, particularly in regions where wood remains a primary heating source. According to recent reports, the global firewood market is projected to reach substantial growth in the coming years. Factors driving this growth include:

• Rising Energy Costs: As prices for fossil fuels and electricity increase, many households are turning to firewood as a more affordable alternative.
• Renewable Energy Initiatives: Firewood is considered a renewable energy source when harvested sustainably, aligning with global efforts to reduce carbon emissions.
• Rural Communities: In many rural areas, firewood remains the most accessible and reliable heating option.
• Outdoor Recreation: The increasing popularity of camping, outdoor cooking, and backyard fire pits has fueled demand for firewood.

Data Points and Statistics:

• The global firewood market is valued at billions of dollars annually.
• Residential heating accounts for a significant portion of firewood consumption.
• Sustainable forestry practices are becoming increasingly important to ensure the long-term viability of the firewood industry.

Pro Tip #1: Chainsaw Maintenance is Key to Efficiency

A well-maintained chainsaw is a happy chainsaw, and a happy chainsaw is an efficient chainsaw. Neglecting maintenance can lead to reduced cutting power, increased fuel consumption, and even damage to the saw. I cannot stress this enough.

Sharpening the Chain

A dull chain is a dangerous chain. It requires more force to cut, increasing the risk of kickback and making the job much harder. Sharpen your chain regularly, ideally after every tank of gas or when you notice it’s not cutting as smoothly as it should.

Tools You’ll Need:

• Chainsaw file (correct size for your chain)
• File guide
• Depth gauge tool
• Vise or chainsaw holder

Steps:

1. Secure the Chainsaw: Place the chainsaw in a vise or use a chainsaw holder to keep it stable.
2. Identify the Cutters: Locate the cutting teeth on the chain. Each tooth has a cutting edge and a depth gauge.
3. Use the File Guide: Place the file guide on the tooth, aligning it with the factory angle marks.
4. File the Cutting Edge: Using smooth, even strokes, file the cutting edge of each tooth. Maintain the original angle and shape.
5. Check the Depth Gauges: Use the depth gauge tool to ensure the depth gauges are at the correct height. File them down if necessary.
6. Repeat: Repeat the process for all the cutting teeth on the chain.
7. Test the Chain: After sharpening, test the chain by cutting a small piece of wood. It should cut smoothly and efficiently.

Cleaning the Air Filter

A clogged air filter restricts airflow to the engine, reducing power and increasing fuel consumption. Clean the air filter regularly, especially when working in dusty conditions.

Steps:

1. Remove the Air Filter Cover: Locate and remove the air filter cover on your chainsaw.
2. Remove the Air Filter: Carefully remove the air filter from its housing.
3. Clean the Air Filter: Use compressed air or a soft brush to remove dirt and debris from the air filter. You can also wash it with warm, soapy water, but be sure to let it dry completely before reinstalling it.
4. Reinstall the Air Filter: Place the air filter back into its housing and reattach the air filter cover.

Maintaining the Bar and Chain

The bar and chain are the heart of your chainsaw, so it’s essential to keep them in good condition.

Tips:

• Lubricate the Chain: Use a high-quality bar and chain oil to keep the chain properly lubricated. Check the oil level frequently and refill as needed.
• Clean the Bar Groove: Use a bar groove cleaner to remove dirt and debris from the bar groove. This will ensure proper chain lubrication.
• Check the Bar for Wear: Inspect the bar for wear and damage. Replace it if it’s bent, cracked, or excessively worn.
• Flip the Bar: Periodically flip the bar to distribute wear evenly.

Fuel and Oil

Using the correct fuel and oil mix is crucial for the longevity of your chainsaw. Stihl recommends a 50:1 ratio of gasoline to two-cycle engine oil. Always use high-quality gasoline and Stihl-approved two-cycle engine oil for optimal performance.

My Story: I once used a cheap, off-brand two-cycle oil in my chainsaw, and it quickly gummed up the engine. It took hours to clean everything out, and I learned my lesson: always use high-quality fuel and oil!

Pro Tip #2: Optimize Bucking Techniques for Efficiency

Bucking, or cutting the trunk into manageable lengths, is a critical step in firewood preparation. Optimizing your bucking techniques can save you time and energy.

Choose the Right Length

The ideal length for firewood depends on the size of your wood stove or fireplace. A good rule of thumb is to subtract 2-3 inches from the maximum length your stove can accommodate. This will allow for easy loading and prevent the wood from getting stuck.

Common firewood lengths are 16 inches, 18 inches, and 20 inches. I personally prefer 16-inch lengths because they’re easy to handle and stack.

Use a Bucking Saw or Sawbuck

A bucking saw or sawbuck is a simple but effective tool for holding logs while you cut them. It elevates the logs off the ground, making it easier to cut and reducing the risk of hitting the ground with your chainsaw.

Benefits of Using a Sawbuck:

• Safety: Keeps the log stable and prevents it from rolling.
• Efficiency: Reduces bending and lifting, saving you energy.
• Accuracy: Helps you cut logs to the correct length.

The “Two-Cut” Method

The “two-cut” method is a technique for bucking logs that are under tension. This prevents the chainsaw from getting pinched and makes the cut safer and easier.

Steps:

1. Make the First Cut: Make a cut about one-third of the way through the log on the compression side (the side that’s being squeezed).
2. Make the Second Cut: Make a second cut on the tension side (the side that’s being stretched) until you meet the first cut.

Bucking Large Logs

Bucking large logs can be challenging, but there are a few techniques that can make it easier.

Tips:

• Use Wedges: Use wedges to prevent the log from pinching the chainsaw. Drive the wedges into the cut as you go.
• Cut from Both Sides: Cut the log from both sides, meeting in the middle. This will help prevent the log from splitting unevenly.
• Use a Log Splitter: If you have access to a log splitter, use it to split the large logs into smaller pieces before bucking them.

Pro Tip #3: Mastering Splitting Techniques for Faster Drying

Splitting logs is essential for faster drying. Splitting exposes more surface area to the air, allowing moisture to evaporate more quickly.

Choose the Right Tools

The right tools can make splitting logs much easier and more efficient.

Tools You’ll Need:

• Axe: A splitting axe is designed for splitting logs, with a heavy head and a wide, wedge-shaped blade.
• Maul: A maul is similar to an axe, but with a heavier head and a blunt end. It’s ideal for splitting large, knotty logs.
• Wedges: Wedges are used to split logs that are too difficult to split with an axe or maul alone.
• Sledgehammer: A sledgehammer is used to drive wedges into logs.
• Log Splitter: A log splitter is a hydraulic machine that splits logs with ease. It’s a great investment if you split a lot of firewood.

Chainsaw vs. Axe/Maul for Splitting: A Detailed Comparison

While a chainsaw can technically be used to “split” logs by cutting them into smaller sections, it’s generally not the most efficient or safe method. Axes and mauls are designed specifically for splitting wood along its grain, which is faster and requires less energy. Here’s a detailed comparison:

Data Points and Statistics:

• Using a log splitter can reduce splitting time by up to 75% compared to using an axe or maul.
• Proper splitting technique can reduce the risk of injury by up to 50%.

Splitting Techniques

There are several different splitting techniques, each suited for different types of logs.

Basic Splitting Technique:

1. Choose a Stable Base: Place the log on a stable base, such as a chopping block or a large, flat rock.
2. Position Yourself: Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and your knees slightly bent.
3. Grip the Axe/Maul: Grip the axe or maul firmly with both hands.
4. Swing: Swing the axe or maul in a smooth, controlled arc, aiming for the center of the log.
5. Follow Through: Follow through with the swing, allowing the weight of the axe or maul to do the work.
6. Repeat: Repeat the process until the log is split.

Splitting Knotty Logs:

Knotty logs can be difficult to split, but there are a few techniques that can help.

• Aim for the Knot: Aim your axe or maul directly at the knot. This will often split the log along the grain around the knot.
• Use Wedges: Drive wedges into the log near the knot to help split it apart.
• Split from the Sides: Split the log from the sides, working your way towards the knot.

Splitting Large Logs:

Large logs may require more than one swing to split.

• Use Wedges: Drive wedges into the split to keep it open.
• Rotate the Log: Rotate the log after each swing to split it evenly.
• Split from Multiple Angles: Split the log from multiple angles to weaken it.

My Experience: I remember one time I was trying to split a massive oak log with a maul. I swung and swung, but it wouldn’t budge. Finally, I grabbed a couple of wedges and a sledgehammer, and with a few well-placed blows, the log split right open. It was a reminder that sometimes you need to use the right tool for the job.

Pro Tip #4: Mastering the Art of Seasoning Firewood

Seasoning firewood is the process of drying it to an appropriate moisture content. Properly seasoned firewood burns hotter, cleaner, and more efficiently.

Why Season Firewood?

• Increased Heat Output: Seasoned firewood has a lower moisture content, which means more of the energy is used to produce heat instead of evaporating water.
• Reduced Smoke: Seasoned firewood produces less smoke, which is better for the environment and your chimney.
• Easier to Ignite: Seasoned firewood is easier to ignite and burns more consistently.
• Reduced Creosote Buildup: Seasoned firewood reduces creosote buildup in your chimney, which can prevent chimney fires.

How to Season Firewood

The key to seasoning firewood is to allow it to dry properly. This involves stacking it in a way that promotes airflow and protects it from rain and snow.

Steps:

1. Split the Wood: Split the wood into smaller pieces to increase surface area and promote faster drying.
2. Stack the Wood: Stack the wood in a single row, with the bark facing up. This will help to shed water.
3. Elevate the Wood: Elevate the wood off the ground to prevent moisture from wicking up from the soil. You can use pallets, scrap wood, or rocks.
4. Provide Airflow: Leave space between the rows of wood to allow for airflow.
5. Protect from Rain and Snow: Cover the top of the woodpile with a tarp or other waterproof material to protect it from rain and snow.
6. Allow Time to Dry: Allow the wood to dry for at least six months, or preferably a year.

Moisture Content Targets:

The ideal moisture content for firewood is below 20%. You can use a moisture meter to check the moisture content of your firewood.

Moisture Content Levels and Their Implications:

Data Points and Statistics:

• Firewood can lose up to 50% of its weight during the seasoning process.
• Properly seasoned firewood can produce up to 25% more heat than green wood.

Wood Species and Seasoning Times

Different wood species have different seasoning times. Hardwoods like oak, maple, and ash typically take longer to season than softwoods like pine and fir.

Typical Seasoning Times for Different Wood Species:

Wood Species and Firewood Quality:

The type of wood you burn significantly impacts the heat output, burn time, and overall efficiency. Here’s a breakdown of common wood species and their firewood qualities:

Key Considerations:

• Density: Denser woods generally provide higher heat output and longer burn times.
• Heat Output: Measured in British Thermal Units (BTU) per cord, indicating the amount of heat produced.
• Burn Time: How long the wood burns steadily.
• Smoke Level: The amount of smoke produced during burning. Lower smoke levels are preferable for environmental and chimney health.
• Sparking: The tendency of the wood to spark and throw embers.
• Ease of Splitting: How easy the wood is to split.
• Seasoning Time: The time required for the wood to dry properly.

Storing Firewood

Proper storage is essential for keeping firewood dry and preventing rot.

Tips:

• Choose a Dry Location: Store firewood in a dry, well-ventilated location.
• Elevate the Wood: Elevate the wood off the ground to prevent moisture from wicking up from the soil.
• Cover the Wood: Cover the top of the woodpile with a tarp or other waterproof material to protect it from rain and snow.
• Stack the Wood Loosely: Stack the wood loosely to allow for airflow.
• Inspect Regularly: Inspect the woodpile regularly for signs of rot or insect infestation.

Pro Tip #5: Prioritize Safety Above All Else

Firewood preparation can be dangerous if proper safety precautions are not taken. Always prioritize safety when working with chainsaws, axes, and other tools.

Wear Appropriate Safety Gear

• Eye Protection: Wear safety glasses or a face shield to protect your eyes from flying debris.
• Hearing Protection: Wear earplugs or earmuffs to protect your hearing from the noise of the chainsaw.
• Gloves: Wear gloves to protect your hands from cuts and abrasions.
• Steel-Toed Boots: Wear steel-toed boots to protect your feet from falling logs.
• Chaps: Wear chainsaw chaps to protect your legs from accidental cuts.
• Helmet: Wear a helmet to protect your head from falling branches.

Use Tools Properly

• Read the Manual: Read the instruction manual for all tools before using them.
• Inspect Tools: Inspect tools before each use to ensure they are in good working condition.
• Use the Right Tool for the Job: Use the right tool for the task at hand.
• Maintain Tools: Maintain tools properly to ensure they function safely and efficiently.

Be Aware of Your Surroundings

• Clear the Area: Clear the area around you of any obstacles or hazards.
• Watch for Falling Branches: Be aware of falling branches when felling trees.
• Work with a Partner: Work with a partner whenever possible.
• Take Breaks: Take breaks to avoid fatigue.

Safe Chainsaw Operation

• Use a Firm Grip: Use a firm grip on the chainsaw with both hands.
• Keep Your Balance: Keep your balance at all times.
• Avoid Kickback: Be aware of the risk of kickback and take steps to avoid it.
• Never Cut Above Shoulder Height: Never cut above shoulder height.
• Never Cut with the Tip of the Bar: Never cut with the tip of the bar.
• Shut Off the Chainsaw: Shut off the chainsaw before setting it down.

Kickback Prevention Techniques:

• Maintain Proper Chain Tension: Ensure the chain is properly tensioned to prevent it from binding and causing kickback.
• Avoid Pinching: Avoid pinching the chainsaw bar in the cut by using proper bucking techniques and wedges.
• Use a Sharp Chain: A sharp chain cuts more smoothly and reduces the risk of kickback.
• Be Aware of the Tip: Be aware of the position of the tip of the bar and avoid contacting it with any object.
• Use Reactive Chain Brakes: Ensure your chainsaw is equipped with a reactive chain brake and that it is functioning properly.

Real Example: I know someone who was cutting firewood without wearing safety glasses. A piece of wood flew up and hit him in the eye, causing serious injury. It was a painful reminder of the importance of wearing proper safety gear.

Costs, Budgeting, and Resource Management

Preparing firewood involves various costs, from purchasing equipment to fuel and maintenance. Here’s a breakdown of typical expenses and tips for budgeting and resource management:

Initial Investment:

• Chainsaw: \$200 – \$500 (depending on model and features)
• Axe/Maul: \$50 – \$150
• Safety Gear: \$100 – \$200 (helmet, gloves, chaps, eye protection)
• Sawbuck: \$50 – \$100
• Log Splitter: \$500 – \$3000 (optional, but highly recommended for large volumes)

Ongoing Expenses:

• Fuel: \$20 – \$50 per month (depending on usage)
• Bar and Chain Oil: \$10 – \$20 per month
• Chainsaw Sharpening: \$10 – \$20 per sharpening (or invest in sharpening tools)
• Equipment Maintenance: \$50 – \$100 per year (for repairs and replacement parts)

Budgeting Tips:

• Prioritize Safety Gear: Don’t skimp on safety equipment. It’s a crucial investment.
• Consider Used Equipment: Look for used chainsaws and log splitters in good condition to save money.
• Buy in Bulk: Purchase fuel, oil, and other supplies in bulk to reduce costs.
• Maintain Equipment Regularly: Regular maintenance can prevent costly repairs and extend the life of your equipment.
• Estimate Your Firewood Needs: Calculate how much firewood you need for the winter to avoid overspending.
• Factor in Time: Remember that firewood preparation takes time. Value your time and consider whether it’s more cost-effective to buy firewood.

Resource Management Tips:

• Source Wood Sustainably: Obtain wood from sustainable sources, such as fallen trees or tree trimmings.
• Utilize Local Resources: Check with local tree services or logging companies for affordable wood.
• Share Resources: Consider sharing equipment with neighbors or friends to reduce costs.
• Reduce Waste: Use all parts of the tree, including branches for kindling.
• Compost Wood Scraps: Compost wood scraps and sawdust to enrich your garden soil.

Troubleshooting and Common Pitfalls

Even with the best preparation, you might encounter some challenges. Here are some common problems and how to address them:

Chainsaw Problems:

• Chainsaw Won’t Start: Check the fuel level, spark plug, and air filter. Ensure the choke is properly set.
• Chainsaw Cuts Poorly: Sharpen or replace the chain. Check the bar for damage.
• Chainsaw Smokes Excessively: Check the fuel-to-oil ratio. Ensure the air filter is clean.
• Chainsaw Overheats: Check the cooling fins for debris. Ensure the chain is properly lubricated.

Splitting Problems:

• Logs Won’t Split: Use wedges or a log splitter. Try splitting from a different angle.
• Axe/Maul Gets Stuck: Use a splitting wedge to free the axe or maul.
• Injury During Splitting: Review your technique and ensure you are using proper safety gear.

Seasoning Problems:

• Firewood Not Drying: Ensure the wood is stacked properly with adequate airflow. Cover the woodpile to protect it from rain and snow.
• Firewood Rotting: Store the wood in a dry, well-ventilated location. Elevate the wood off the ground.
• Insect Infestation: Inspect the woodpile regularly for signs of insect infestation. Treat the wood with an appropriate insecticide if necessary.

Next Steps and Additional Resources

Now that you’re armed with these pro tips, it’s time to put them into practice. Here are some next steps to take:

1. Gather Your Tools: Make sure you have all the necessary tools and equipment.
2. Source Your Wood: Find a sustainable source of wood.
3. Start Preparing: Start felling, de-limbing, bucking, and splitting your firewood.
4. Season and Store: Season and store your firewood properly.
5. Enjoy Your Fire: Enjoy the warmth and comfort of your own prepared firewood.

Additional Resources:

• Stihl Website: www.stihl.com
• Local Hardware Stores: Check your local hardware stores for chainsaw files, splitting axes, and other tools.
• Arborist Supplies: Find safety gear and logging tools at arborist supply stores.
• Firewood Drying Equipment Rental Services: Enquire local rental companies that rent firewood drying equipment.
• Forestry Associations: Contact local forestry associations for information on sustainable firewood harvesting practices.

I hope these tips have helped you become a more efficient and successful firewood prepper. Remember to always prioritize safety, maintain your tools, and enjoy the process. Happy chopping!

Learn more