Contra Stihl Explained: Vintage Chainsaw Insights (Pro Arborist Tips)

Alright, folks, gather ’round! Ever tried starting a vintage chainsaw on a cold morning? It’s an experience, let me tell you. It’s like trying to convince a grumpy old badger to do your bidding. But once you get it purring, oh man, the power! We’re diving deep into the legendary Contra Stihl, a chainsaw that’s more than just metal and teeth – it’s a piece of history. We’ll explore its quirks, its strengths, and why it still holds a special place in the hearts of many arborists and wood enthusiasts. Buckle up; it’s going to be a wild ride!

What’s the User Intent?

Before we dive in, let’s understand why someone would be searching for “Contra Stihl Explained: Vintage Chainsaw Insights (Pro Arborist Tips).” I believe the user likely has one or more of these intentions:

• Learning about the Contra Stihl: They want to understand the history, significance, and features of this particular chainsaw model.
• Troubleshooting or Repairing a Contra Stihl: They might own a Contra Stihl and are looking for guidance on maintenance, repair, or troubleshooting common issues.
• Evaluating the Contra Stihl: They’re considering buying a Contra Stihl and want to know if it’s a worthwhile investment or suitable for their needs.
• Appreciating Vintage Chainsaws: They’re interested in the history and technology of vintage chainsaws in general.
• Seeking Professional Advice: They’re looking for insights from experienced arborists or chainsaw users.

My goal is to address all these intentions thoroughly.

Understanding the Contra Stihl: A Deep Dive

The Contra Stihl, produced in the late 1950s and early 1960s, was a game-changer. It was one of the first lightweight, direct-drive chainsaws, making it significantly more portable and easier to handle than the bulky, heavy models that preceded it. This innovation revolutionized the logging industry and paved the way for modern chainsaw technology.

Key Concepts

Before we get into the nitty-gritty, let’s define some key terms:

• Direct Drive: In a direct-drive chainsaw, the engine crankshaft is directly connected to the chain sprocket. This provides more power and faster cutting speeds compared to gear-driven models. The Contra Stihl was a pioneer in direct-drive technology.
• Two-Stroke Engine: The Contra Stihl uses a two-stroke engine, which requires a mixture of gasoline and oil for lubrication. This type of engine is known for its high power-to-weight ratio, making it ideal for portable equipment like chainsaws.
• Carburetor: The carburetor is responsible for mixing air and fuel in the correct proportions for combustion. A properly tuned carburetor is essential for optimal chainsaw performance.
• Vintage Chainsaw: A vintage chainsaw is generally considered to be one that is several decades old and is no longer in production. These chainsaws often have unique designs and features that are not found in modern models.
• Green Wood vs. Seasoned Wood: Green wood is freshly cut wood that has a high moisture content. Seasoned wood has been dried for a period of time, reducing its moisture content. Seasoned wood is generally easier to split and burns more efficiently in a fireplace or wood stove.

A Personal Anecdote

I remember the first time I saw a Contra Stihl in action. I was just a kid, tagging along with my grandfather, a seasoned logger. He fired up that old beast, and the sound was unlike anything I’d ever heard. It was loud, raw, and powerful. He felled a massive oak tree with it, and I was mesmerized. That experience sparked my lifelong fascination with chainsaws and wood processing.

Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding the Contra Stihl

Now, let’s break down the key aspects of the Contra Stihl in a clear, step-by-step manner.

1. Historical Context

• The Era: The late 1950s and early 1960s were a time of rapid innovation in chainsaw technology. The Contra Stihl emerged as a leader in this era, setting new standards for portability, power, and reliability.
• The Need: Before the Contra Stihl, chainsaws were heavy, cumbersome, and often required two people to operate. There was a clear need for a lighter, more manageable chainsaw that could be used by a single person.
• Stihl’s Innovation: Stihl addressed this need with the Contra, a direct-drive chainsaw that was significantly lighter and more powerful than its predecessors. This innovation revolutionized the logging industry and made it possible for loggers to work more efficiently and safely.

2. Key Features and Specifications

• Engine: The Contra Stihl typically featured a two-stroke engine with a displacement of around 80-90 cubic centimeters. This provided ample power for felling trees and bucking logs.
• Direct Drive: As mentioned earlier, the direct-drive system was a key innovation. It provided more power and faster cutting speeds compared to gear-driven models.
• Weight: The Contra Stihl weighed around 25-30 pounds, which was significantly lighter than other chainsaws of the time.
• Bar Length: The Contra Stihl could accommodate various bar lengths, typically ranging from 20 to 36 inches, depending on the size of the trees being felled.
• Carburetor: The carburetor was a crucial component, responsible for mixing air and fuel in the correct proportions. It required careful tuning to ensure optimal performance.
• Manual Oiler: The Contra Stihl featured a manual oiler, which required the operator to manually pump oil onto the chain and bar. This was a common feature in vintage chainsaws.

3. Identifying a Contra Stihl

• Model Number: Look for the “Contra” designation on the chainsaw’s housing or engine cover.
• Vintage Stihl Logo: The Contra Stihl features the classic Stihl logo from that era.
• Design: The Contra Stihl has a distinctive design with a rounded engine housing and a metal fuel tank.
• Age: Given its production years, a genuine Contra Stihl will be at least 60 years old.

4. Operating a Contra Stihl

Operating a vintage chainsaw like the Contra Stihl requires a different approach than modern chainsaws. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

• Safety First: Always wear appropriate safety gear, including a helmet, eye protection, hearing protection, gloves, and chainsaw chaps. Vintage chainsaws lack many of the safety features found in modern models, so extra caution is essential.
• Fuel Mixture: Use the correct fuel mixture for the two-stroke engine. A typical ratio is 32:1 or 40:1 (gasoline to oil). Consult the owner’s manual or a vintage chainsaw expert for the correct ratio. I personally prefer a 40:1 mix with a high-quality synthetic two-stroke oil.
• Starting Procedure:
  • Choke: Engage the choke to provide a richer fuel mixture for starting.
  • Prime: Prime the carburetor by pressing the primer bulb (if equipped) or by pulling the starter cord a few times with the choke engaged.
  • Starting Position: Place the chainsaw on a stable surface and hold it firmly with your left hand. Place your right foot on the rear handle to stabilize the saw.
  • Pull the Starter Cord: Pull the starter cord firmly and smoothly until the engine sputters or starts briefly.
  • Disengage Choke: Disengage the choke and pull the starter cord again to start the engine.
  • Warm-Up: Allow the engine to warm up for a few minutes before using the chainsaw.
• Cutting Techniques: Use proper cutting techniques to avoid kickback and other hazards. Maintain a firm grip on the chainsaw with both hands and keep your body balanced.
• Chain Oiling: Manually pump oil onto the chain and bar frequently to keep them lubricated. A dry chain will overheat and wear out quickly.
• Shutting Down: To shut down the chainsaw, move the throttle lever to the idle position and then turn off the ignition switch.

5. Maintenance and Repair

Maintaining a vintage chainsaw like the Contra Stihl requires regular attention and care. Here are some key maintenance tasks:

• Cleaning: Clean the chainsaw regularly to remove sawdust, dirt, and debris. Use compressed air or a brush to clean the engine fins, carburetor, and other components.
• Air Filter: Clean or replace the air filter regularly to ensure proper airflow to the engine. A dirty air filter can cause the engine to run poorly or overheat.
• Spark Plug: Check the spark plug regularly and replace it if it is fouled or worn. A good spark plug is essential for reliable starting and performance.
• Carburetor Adjustment: Adjust the carburetor as needed to maintain optimal performance. This requires a good understanding of carburetor theory and tuning. If you’re not comfortable adjusting the carburetor yourself, consult a qualified mechanic.
• Chain Sharpening: Sharpen the chain regularly to maintain efficient cutting performance. A dull chain will require more effort to cut and can increase the risk of kickback. I personally use a chainsaw file and guide to sharpen my chains. I find it gives me the best control and allows me to maintain the correct cutting angle.
• Chain and Bar Lubrication: Use a high-quality bar and chain oil to keep the chain and bar lubricated. Check the oil level frequently and refill as needed.
• Fuel System: Inspect the fuel lines and fuel filter regularly for cracks, leaks, or clogs. Replace them as needed.
• Storage: When storing the chainsaw for an extended period, drain the fuel tank and carburetor to prevent fuel from gumming up the engine. Store the chainsaw in a dry place.

6. Troubleshooting Common Issues

Vintage chainsaws can be prone to various issues. Here are some common problems and their solutions:

• Hard Starting:
  • Cause: Fouled spark plug, clogged air filter, incorrect fuel mixture, carburetor problems.
  • Solution: Clean or replace the spark plug, clean the air filter, use the correct fuel mixture, adjust or rebuild the carburetor.
• Engine Stalling:
  • Cause: Carburetor problems, clogged fuel filter, overheating.
  • Solution: Adjust or rebuild the carburetor, replace the fuel filter, allow the engine to cool down.
• Loss of Power:
  • Cause: Dull chain, clogged air filter, carburetor problems.
  • Solution: Sharpen the chain, clean the air filter, adjust or rebuild the carburetor.
• Chain Not Oiling:
  • Cause: Clogged oiler, low oil level, damaged oil pump.
  • Solution: Clean the oiler, refill the oil reservoir, replace the oil pump.
• Overheating:
  • Cause: Clogged engine fins, incorrect fuel mixture, carburetor problems.
  • Solution: Clean the engine fins, use the correct fuel mixture, adjust or rebuild the carburetor.

7. Finding Parts and Resources

Finding parts for a vintage chainsaw like the Contra Stihl can be challenging, but not impossible. Here are some resources:

• Online Retailers: Websites like eBay, Amazon, and chainsaw-specific forums often have listings for vintage chainsaw parts.
• Vintage Chainsaw Forums: Online forums dedicated to vintage chainsaws are a great resource for finding parts, information, and advice.
• Local Chainsaw Shops: Some local chainsaw shops may have a stock of vintage parts or be able to order them for you.
• Stihl Dealers: While Stihl no longer manufactures parts for the Contra, some dealers may have old stock or be able to provide information on compatible parts.
• Machine Shops: If you can’t find a specific part, you may be able to have it custom-made by a machine shop.

8. Safety Considerations

Safety is paramount when operating any chainsaw, especially a vintage model. Here are some key safety considerations:

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear appropriate PPE, including a helmet, eye protection, hearing protection, gloves, and chainsaw chaps.
• Kickback: Be aware of the risk of kickback, which can occur when the tip of the chainsaw bar contacts a solid object. Use proper cutting techniques to avoid kickback.
• Chain Brake: The Contra Stihl may not have a chain brake, so extra caution is needed.
• Maintenance: Keep the chainsaw in good working condition. A poorly maintained chainsaw is more likely to malfunction and cause an accident.
• Training: Get proper training on how to operate a chainsaw safely.
• Clearance: Ensure that the work area is clear of obstacles and bystanders.
• Fatigue: Avoid operating a chainsaw when you are tired or fatigued.

9. The Allure of Vintage Chainsaws

Why are people so fascinated with vintage chainsaws like the Contra Stihl? Here are a few reasons:

• History: Vintage chainsaws represent a piece of history and a bygone era of logging.
• Simplicity: Compared to modern chainsaws, vintage models are relatively simple in design and construction. This makes them easier to understand and repair.
• Durability: Many vintage chainsaws were built to last and are still running strong decades later.
• Power: The Contra Stihl was known for its power and performance.
• Nostalgia: For some people, vintage chainsaws evoke feelings of nostalgia and remind them of their childhood or their experiences in the woods.

10. Case Study: Restoring a Contra Stihl

I once acquired a Contra Stihl that had been sitting in a barn for decades. It was in rough shape, but I saw potential. Here’s how I restored it:

• Disassembly: I completely disassembled the chainsaw, taking photos and notes to document the process.
• Cleaning: I cleaned all the parts thoroughly, removing rust, dirt, and grime. I used a combination of solvents, wire brushes, and ultrasonic cleaning.
• Inspection: I inspected all the parts for wear and damage. I replaced any parts that were worn or broken.
• Repair: I repaired any damaged parts that could be salvaged. This included welding cracks in the engine housing and repairing the carburetor.
• Reassembly: I reassembled the chainsaw, using new gaskets and seals.
• Tuning: I tuned the carburetor to ensure optimal performance.
• Testing: I tested the chainsaw to make sure it was running properly.

The restoration process took several weeks, but it was well worth it. The Contra Stihl now runs like a champ and is a testament to the quality of vintage machinery.

11. Strategic Advantages of Using a Well-Maintained Contra Stihl

While modern chainsaws offer many advantages, a well-maintained Contra Stihl can still hold its own in certain situations. Here are some strategic advantages:

• Power: The Contra Stihl was known for its power, which can be useful for felling large trees.
• Simplicity: The simple design makes it easier to repair and maintain, especially in remote locations where access to modern tools and parts may be limited.
• Cost: If you already own a Contra Stihl, using it can be more cost-effective than buying a new chainsaw.
• Nostalgia: Using a vintage chainsaw can be a rewarding experience for those who appreciate the history and craftsmanship of older machinery.

Important Note: Using a vintage chainsaw for professional logging or tree felling may not be the most efficient or safe option. Modern chainsaws offer significant advancements in safety features, ergonomics, and fuel efficiency.

12. Moisture Content Targets for Firewood Preparation

When preparing firewood, the moisture content of the wood is a crucial factor. Here’s a breakdown of moisture content targets:

• Green Wood: Green wood typically has a moisture content of 50% or higher. It is difficult to split and burns poorly, producing a lot of smoke.
• Seasoned Wood: Seasoned wood has been dried for a period of time, reducing its moisture content to 20% or less. It is easier to split and burns more efficiently, producing less smoke.
• Ideal Moisture Content: The ideal moisture content for firewood is between 15% and 20%. This ensures that the wood burns cleanly and efficiently.

Drying Methods:

• Air Drying: The most common method for drying firewood is air drying. This involves stacking the wood in a well-ventilated area and allowing it to dry naturally. The drying time can vary depending on the type of wood, the climate, and the stacking method. Typically, it takes 6-12 months for wood to season properly.
• Kiln Drying: Kiln drying is a faster method for drying firewood. It involves placing the wood in a kiln and using heat to remove the moisture. Kiln-dried wood typically has a moisture content of 10% or less.

Measuring Moisture Content:

• Moisture Meter: A moisture meter is a device that measures the moisture content of wood. It is a useful tool for determining when firewood is properly seasoned. I use a pin-type moisture meter, which I find to be more accurate than pinless models.

13. Firewood Stacking Techniques

Proper firewood stacking is essential for efficient drying and storage. Here are some common stacking techniques:

• Crisscross Stacking: This involves stacking the wood in alternating layers, with each layer perpendicular to the layer below. This creates air gaps that promote airflow and drying.
• Holz Hausen: This is a circular stacking method that creates a stable and aesthetically pleasing woodpile. The wood is stacked in a circular pattern, with the ends of the logs facing outward.
• Row Stacking: This involves stacking the wood in rows, with each row leaning slightly inward to prevent the stack from collapsing.

My Preferred Method: I personally prefer crisscross stacking for most of my firewood. I find it to be the most efficient method for promoting airflow and drying.

14. Log Splitting Techniques and Tools

Splitting logs is a necessary step in preparing firewood. Here are some common splitting techniques and tools:

• Manual Splitting: This involves using an axe or maul to split the logs by hand. It is a physically demanding task but can be a good workout.
• Hydraulic Log Splitter: A hydraulic log splitter uses hydraulic power to split the logs. It is a much faster and easier method than manual splitting.

Tools:

• Axe: An axe is a versatile tool that can be used for felling trees, limbing branches, and splitting small logs.
• Maul: A maul is a heavier tool than an axe and is designed specifically for splitting logs.
• Wedges: Wedges can be used to split particularly tough or knotty logs.
• Hydraulic Log Splitter: A hydraulic log splitter can be either gas-powered or electric-powered. It consists of a hydraulic pump, a cylinder, and a wedge. The log is placed on the splitter, and the hydraulic cylinder pushes the wedge through the log, splitting it in half.

Why Use a Hydraulic Splitter?

• Efficiency: Hydraulic splitters are much faster and more efficient than manual splitting.
• Reduced Effort: They require less physical effort, reducing the risk of fatigue and injury.
• Splitting Tough Logs: They can split logs that are too tough to split by hand.

15. Wood Type Selection for Firewood

The type of wood you use for firewood can have a significant impact on its burning characteristics. Here are some common wood types and their properties:

• Hardwoods: Hardwoods are generally denser and burn longer than softwoods. They also produce more heat and less smoke. Examples of hardwoods include oak, maple, beech, and ash.
• Softwoods: Softwoods are less dense and burn faster than hardwoods. They also produce less heat and more smoke. Examples of softwoods include pine, fir, and spruce.

My Recommendations:

• Oak: Oak is one of the best firewood choices. It is dense, burns long, and produces a lot of heat.
• Maple: Maple is another excellent firewood choice. It is slightly less dense than oak but still burns well and produces a good amount of heat.
• Ash: Ash is a good firewood choice that splits easily and burns cleanly.

Avoid:

• Green Wood: As mentioned earlier, avoid burning green wood. It is difficult to split and burns poorly.
• Treated Wood: Never burn treated wood. It can release harmful chemicals into the air.

16. Cost Analysis: Vintage vs. Modern Chainsaws

Let’s consider a basic cost analysis for comparing vintage and modern chainsaws:

Vintage Contra Stihl:

• Acquisition Cost: $100 – $500 (depending on condition)
• Restoration Costs: $50 – $300 (parts, labor if needed)
• Maintenance Costs: $20 – $50 per year (fuel, oil, spark plugs)
• Lifespan: Potentially decades with proper care

Modern Chainsaw (Comparable Size/Power):

• Acquisition Cost: $400 – $800
• Maintenance Costs: $30 – $70 per year (fuel, oil, spark plugs, occasional repairs)
• Lifespan: 5-15 years (depending on usage and maintenance)

Analysis:

• A vintage Contra Stihl can be a budget-friendly option if you can find one in good condition or are willing to restore it.
• Modern chainsaws offer greater reliability, safety features, and fuel efficiency.
• The long-term cost will depend on how well you maintain the chainsaw and how frequently you use it.

17. Skill Levels Required for Different Tasks

Here’s a general guide to the skill levels required for various tasks related to chainsaw operation and wood processing:

• Basic Chainsaw Operation (Bucking Logs): Beginner
• Felling Small Trees: Intermediate
• Felling Large Trees: Advanced
• Chainsaw Maintenance (Chain Sharpening, Air Filter Cleaning): Beginner
• Carburetor Adjustment: Intermediate/Advanced
• Chainsaw Repair (Engine Rebuild): Advanced
• Manual Log Splitting: Beginner/Intermediate (depending on log size and wood type)
• Hydraulic Log Splitter Operation: Beginner
• Firewood Stacking: Beginner

18. Global Considerations for DIYers and Small Businesses

DIYers and small-scale logging businesses around the world face unique challenges. Here are some considerations:

• Tool Availability: The availability of specific chainsaw models and parts can vary significantly from region to region.
• Fuel Quality: Fuel quality can also vary, which can affect chainsaw performance and longevity.
• Climate: Climate conditions can impact wood drying times and the choice of wood species for firewood.
• Safety Standards: Safety standards for chainsaw operation may vary from country to country.
• Training Resources: Access to chainsaw safety training may be limited in some areas.

19. Practical Next Steps

Ready to put your newfound knowledge to use? Here are some practical next steps:

• Research: Learn more about the Contra Stihl and other vintage chainsaws.
• Acquire: Consider acquiring a Contra Stihl if you’re interested in vintage machinery.
• Inspect: Thoroughly inspect any chainsaw before using it.
• Maintain: Keep your chainsaw in good working condition.
• Practice: Practice your chainsaw skills in a safe and controlled environment.
• Join a Community: Connect with other chainsaw enthusiasts and woodworkers.
• Start a Project: Begin a small wood processing or firewood preparation project.

20. Final Thoughts

The Contra Stihl is more than just a vintage chainsaw; it’s a symbol of innovation, durability, and the enduring appeal of well-crafted machinery. Whether you’re a seasoned arborist, a wood processing enthusiast, or simply someone who appreciates the history of logging, understanding the Contra Stihl can provide valuable insights into the evolution of chainsaw technology and the art of working with wood. I hope this guide has been informative and inspiring. Now, go out there and make some sawdust! Just remember to be safe, be responsible, and have fun. And if you ever get a chance to fire up a Contra Stihl, don’t pass it up. It’s an experience you won’t soon forget!

Learn more