Can I Cut Tree Roots That Are Above Ground? (Expert Tips)
Ever tripped over a rogue tree root snaking across your yard? I know I have! There’s a primal annoyance that flares up, coupled with a whisper of danger. It’s more than just a nuisance; it’s a potential hazard waiting to happen. You might find yourself staring at it, chainsaw in hand, wondering, “Can I just get rid of this thing?”
That’s the question we’re tackling today: Can you cut tree roots that are above ground? And more importantly, should you? This isn’t just about aesthetics or clearing a tripping hazard. It’s about the health and stability of the tree itself. I’ve spent years felling trees, processing wood, and dealing with the intricate root systems left behind. Let me share my experience and offer some expert tips to help you navigate this tricky situation.
The Root of the Matter: Understanding Tree Roots
Before you even think about firing up your chainsaw, let’s delve into the world beneath our feet. Tree roots aren’t just random underground spaghetti; they’re a vital lifeline for the tree. They provide anchorage, absorb water and nutrients, and store energy.
Root Anatomy 101
- Taproot: This is the main, central root that grows straight down. While many trees, especially young ones, have a taproot, it often diminishes or disappears as the tree matures and develops a more extensive lateral root system.
- Lateral Roots: These are the horizontal roots that spread out from the trunk. They’re responsible for most of the water and nutrient uptake.
- Feeder Roots: These are the small, hair-like roots that branch off the lateral roots. Above-ground roots are almost always structural roots.
Why Roots Grow Above Ground
Several factors can cause roots to grow above ground:
- Soil Compaction: When the soil is compacted, it’s difficult for roots to penetrate and spread. They may grow closer to the surface, seeking less resistance.
- Erosion: Erosion can expose roots that were previously buried.
- Shallow Soil: If the soil is shallow, the roots have no choice but to grow closer to the surface.
- Water Table: A high water table can also force roots to grow upwards, seeking oxygen.
- Tree Species: Some tree species, like maples and beeches, are naturally more prone to surface roots than others.
- Poor Drainage: When the soil is constantly waterlogged, roots may rise to the surface in search of oxygen.
The Importance of Understanding Root Systems
Understanding how roots function and why they grow above ground is crucial before making any decisions about cutting them. Removing a large, structural root can destabilize the tree, making it more susceptible to windthrow. Damaging feeder roots can reduce the tree’s ability to absorb water and nutrients, leading to decline and even death.
The Big Question: Can You Cut Above-Ground Roots?
The short answer is: it depends. It’s not a simple yes or no. Before you even consider reaching for your chainsaw, you need to assess the situation carefully.
Factors to Consider Before Cutting
- Root Size: This is the most critical factor. A small, non-structural root is less likely to cause problems than a large, structural one. As a general rule, any root larger than 2 inches in diameter should be treated with extreme caution.
- Tree Species: Some tree species are more tolerant of root pruning than others. For example, oaks and hickories are generally more resilient than beeches or birches.
- Tree Health: A healthy tree is better able to withstand root pruning than a stressed or weakened tree. Look for signs of disease, insect infestation, or nutrient deficiencies.
- Root Location: Roots close to the trunk are more critical for stability than those farther away.
- Soil Type: Trees growing in well-drained soil are generally more tolerant of root pruning than those growing in poorly drained soil.
- Overall Tree Stability: If the tree is already leaning or has other signs of instability, cutting any roots could be disastrous.
- The “One-Third Rule”: This is a general guideline that suggests you should never remove more than one-third of a tree’s root system. However, even removing less than one-third can be harmful if you’re cutting critical structural roots.
- Proximity to Structures: Consider how close the tree is to buildings, sidewalks, or other structures. Removing roots could affect the stability of these structures as well.
Red Flags: When to Call a Professional
If you answer “yes” to any of the following questions, it’s best to consult with a certified arborist before proceeding:
- Is the root larger than 2 inches in diameter?
- Is the tree a sensitive species (e.g., beech, birch, maple)?
- Is the tree showing signs of stress or decline?
- Is the root located close to the trunk?
- Is the tree already leaning or unstable?
- Is the tree close to any structures?
- Are you unsure about the root’s function?
- Do you lack the experience or tools to safely cut the root?
My Personal Experience: A Cautionary Tale
I once worked on a project where a homeowner insisted on removing a large surface root from a mature maple tree. He was tired of tripping over it and didn’t want to hear about the potential risks. Despite my warnings, he proceeded to cut the root. Within a year, the tree started to decline, and two years later, it had to be removed because it became a safety hazard. This experience taught me a valuable lesson about the importance of respecting the delicate balance of nature.
The Safe Way to Cut Roots: A Step-by-Step Guide
If you’ve carefully assessed the situation and determined that it’s safe to cut a root, follow these steps:
- Plan Ahead: Before you start cutting, take some time to plan your approach. Consider the size and location of the root, the tree species, and the potential impact on the tree’s stability.
- Gather Your Tools: You’ll need the following tools:
- Chainsaw: A sharp chainsaw is essential for making clean cuts. Choose a chainsaw that is appropriate for the size of the root you’re cutting. I typically use a mid-sized saw with a 16-inch bar for this type of work.
- Hand Saw: A hand saw can be useful for making smaller cuts or for trimming roots in tight spaces.
- Loppers: Loppers are great for cutting smaller roots and branches.
- Pruning Shears: Pruning shears are ideal for making precise cuts on small roots.
- Shovel: A shovel is necessary for digging around the root and exposing it.
- Root Saw (Optional): A root saw is a specialized tool designed for cutting roots. It has a long, narrow blade that can reach into tight spaces.
- Safety Gear: Always wear safety glasses, hearing protection, gloves, and sturdy boots when working with chainsaws.
- Expose the Root: Carefully dig around the root to expose it. Use a shovel or trowel to remove soil and debris. Be careful not to damage any other roots in the process.
- Make a Clean Cut: Use a sharp chainsaw or hand saw to make a clean cut. Avoid tearing or splintering the wood. Cut the root at a 45-degree angle to encourage water runoff and prevent rot.
- Smooth the Cut: Use a pruning saw or knife to smooth the cut edge. This will help the root heal properly.
- Treat the Cut (Optional): While not always necessary, you can apply a tree wound dressing to the cut surface. This can help prevent infection and promote healing. However, some arborists argue that wound dressings can trap moisture and create a breeding ground for pathogens. Research and choose a product carefully, or consult with an arborist for advice.
- Backfill the Hole: Carefully backfill the hole with soil. Tamp the soil down gently to remove air pockets.
- Water the Tree: Water the tree thoroughly to help it recover from the root pruning.
- Monitor the Tree: Keep an eye on the tree for signs of stress or decline. If you notice any problems, consult with a certified arborist.
Data Point: Root Pruning and Tree Growth
A study published in the Journal of Arboriculture found that root pruning can temporarily reduce tree growth, but that healthy trees typically recover within a year or two. The study also found that trees that were properly watered and fertilized after root pruning showed better recovery rates.
Alternative Solutions: When Cutting Isn’t the Answer
Sometimes, cutting a root isn’t the best solution. Here are some alternative approaches to consider:
- Root Barriers: Install a root barrier to prevent roots from growing into unwanted areas. Root barriers are typically made of plastic or metal and are buried in the ground.
- Root Pruning with Root Barriers: Combine root pruning with the installation of a root barrier. This can help to control root growth while minimizing the impact on the tree.
- Air Spading: Use an air spade to remove soil around the root without damaging it. This can be useful for exposing the root and assessing its size and function.
- Grading: If the root is only slightly exposed, you may be able to grade the soil around it to make it less of a tripping hazard.
- Mulching: Mulching can help to protect exposed roots from damage and prevent them from drying out.
- Creating a Path: Build a path around the root to avoid tripping over it.
- Acceptance: Sometimes, the best solution is simply to accept the root as part of the landscape. Embrace its natural beauty and learn to live with it.
Case Study: Protecting a Historic Oak Tree
In my work with a local historical society, we encountered a massive oak tree with several large surface roots that were interfering with pedestrian traffic. Instead of cutting the roots, we opted to build a raised wooden walkway around the tree. This protected the roots from damage, provided a safe path for pedestrians, and enhanced the aesthetic appeal of the area.
Chainsaw Safety: A Non-Negotiable
No discussion about cutting tree roots would be complete without a serious emphasis on chainsaw safety. Chainsaws are powerful tools that can cause serious injury if not used properly.
Essential Safety Practices
- Read the Manual: Before using a chainsaw, read the manufacturer’s manual and understand its operating instructions and safety precautions.
- Wear Appropriate Safety Gear: Always wear safety glasses, hearing protection, gloves, chainsaw chaps, and sturdy boots. A helmet is also recommended.
- Inspect the Chainsaw: Before each use, inspect the chainsaw for any damage or wear. Make sure the chain is sharp and properly tensioned.
- Start the Chainsaw Safely: Start the chainsaw on the ground, with the chain brake engaged. Keep a firm grip on the saw and maintain a stable stance.
- Use Proper Cutting Techniques: Use proper cutting techniques to avoid kickback. Keep the chainsaw chain sharp and avoid pinching the bar.
- Maintain a Safe Distance: Keep a safe distance from other people and objects when using a chainsaw.
- Be Aware of Your Surroundings: Be aware of your surroundings and watch out for hazards such as rocks, roots, and overhead power lines.
- Never Cut Above Your Head: Never cut above your head with a chainsaw.
- Never Use a Chainsaw When Tired or Under the Influence: Never use a chainsaw when you’re tired, under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or taking medications that can impair your judgment.
- Get Training: Consider taking a chainsaw safety course to learn proper techniques and safety procedures.
Data Point: Chainsaw Injuries
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 30,000 people are treated in emergency rooms each year for chainsaw-related injuries. Most of these injuries are preventable with proper safety precautions.
Wood Species and Root Systems: A Closer Look
Different tree species have different root systems and tolerances to root pruning. Here’s a brief overview of some common tree species and their root characteristics:
- Maple (Acer): Maples are known for their shallow, spreading root systems. They are relatively sensitive to root pruning, especially sugar maples.
- Oak (Quercus): Oaks have deep taproots and extensive lateral root systems. They are generally more tolerant of root pruning than maples.
- Beech (Fagus): Beeches have shallow, spreading root systems that are easily damaged. They are very sensitive to root pruning.
- Birch (Betula): Birches have shallow, fibrous root systems. They are also relatively sensitive to root pruning.
- Pine (Pinus): Pines have deep taproots and lateral root systems. They are generally tolerant of root pruning.
- Spruce (Picea): Spruces have shallow, spreading root systems. They are moderately tolerant of root pruning.
- Ash (Fraxinus): Ashes have deep taproots and extensive lateral root systems. They are generally tolerant of root pruning.
Unique Insight: Root Grafts
In some cases, trees of the same species can form root grafts, where their roots fuse together. This can create a network of interconnected trees that share water and nutrients. Cutting a root from one tree in a grafted network can affect the health of other trees in the network. This is most common in species like aspen and beech.
The Ethical Considerations: Respecting the Tree
Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to cut a tree root comes down to an ethical consideration. We have a responsibility to respect the trees that share our planet and to make decisions that are in their best interest.
A Holistic Approach
Before making any decisions, consider the tree’s overall health, its importance to the ecosystem, and the potential consequences of your actions. If you’re unsure, consult with a certified arborist who can provide expert advice.
My Final Thoughts
Cutting tree roots is a complex issue with no easy answers. It requires careful consideration, a thorough understanding of tree biology, and a commitment to safety. While it may be tempting to simply remove a root that’s causing a nuisance, remember that trees are living organisms that deserve our respect and care. Take the time to assess the situation properly, consider alternative solutions, and if you do decide to cut, do it safely and responsibly.
Actionable Takeaways
- Assess the Situation: Carefully evaluate the size, location, and function of the root before considering any cutting.
- Prioritize Tree Health: Always prioritize the health and stability of the tree.
- Consult a Professional: If in doubt, consult with a certified arborist.
- Use Safe Practices: Follow proper chainsaw safety procedures.
- Consider Alternatives: Explore alternative solutions before resorting to cutting.
- Respect the Tree: Make ethical decisions that are in the best interest of the tree.
By following these guidelines, you can make informed decisions about cutting tree roots and ensure the health and longevity of your trees. And maybe, just maybe, avoid that next unexpected tumble!
