JA Roby Ultimate Wood Stove Review (Massive 4.7 Cu Ft Firebox!)

What is a Wood Stove?

A wood stove is a heating appliance designed to burn wood fuel for the purpose of providing warmth to a living space. It typically consists of a closed firebox constructed of cast iron or steel, a door for loading wood, an air intake system for controlling combustion, and a flue outlet for venting exhaust gases.

Key Components of a Wood Stove

Firebox: The heart of the stove, where the wood burns. The size and design of the firebox significantly impact the stove’s heating capacity and burn time. The JA Roby Ultimate boasts a massive 4.7 cu ft firebox, which suggests a long burn time and the ability to heat a large area.
Air Intake: Controls the amount of air entering the firebox, regulating the combustion rate. Modern stoves often have primary and secondary air intakes, allowing for more efficient and cleaner burning.
Baffle: A plate or series of plates inside the firebox that redirects exhaust gases, increasing heat transfer and reducing emissions.
Flue Outlet: Connects the stove to the chimney, allowing exhaust gases to escape. The diameter and height of the flue are critical for proper drafting.
Ash Pan: A removable container for collecting ash, making cleaning easier.
Door: Provides access to the firebox for loading wood and features a glass window in many models to view the fire.

Types of Wood Stoves

Radiant Stoves: Primarily heat by radiating heat outwards. Cast iron stoves are typically radiant heaters.
Convection Stoves: Utilize a system of air channels to circulate warm air throughout the room. Steel stoves often incorporate convection features.
Catalytic Stoves: Employ a catalytic combustor to burn off exhaust gases, resulting in cleaner emissions and higher efficiency.
Non-Catalytic Stoves: Rely on a well-designed firebox and air intake system to achieve clean burning without a catalytic combustor.

Factors Affecting Wood Stove Performance

Wood Type: Hardwoods like oak, maple, and ash provide more heat per volume than softwoods like pine and fir.
Wood Moisture Content: Dry, seasoned wood burns much more efficiently and cleanly than green wood. Green wood can reduce stove efficiency by as much as 50%.
Air Supply: Proper air supply is crucial for complete combustion. Too little air results in smoldering and smoke, while too much air can cool the firebox.
Chimney Draft: A strong chimney draft is essential for drawing exhaust gases out of the stove and preventing backdrafting.
Stove Size: The size of the stove should be appropriate for the size of the area being heated. An oversized stove can lead to overheating, while an undersized stove may not provide enough heat.

Understanding BTU (British Thermal Unit)

BTU stands for British Thermal Unit. It is a unit of measurement for heat energy. One BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. Wood stoves are rated in terms of their BTU output, which indicates the amount of heat they can produce per hour. The higher the BTU rating, the more heat the stove can generate.

Efficiency Ratings and What They Mean

The efficiency rating of a wood stove indicates how effectively it converts the energy in the wood into usable heat. A higher efficiency rating means that more of the wood’s energy is being used to heat the room, and less is being lost up the chimney. Wood stoves are typically rated using two different efficiency metrics:

Higher Heating Value (HHV) Efficiency: This measures efficiency based on the total energy content of the wood, including the heat that is released when the water vapor in the wood condenses.
Lower Heating Value (LHV) Efficiency: This measures efficiency based on the energy content of the wood, excluding the heat of condensation of water vapor. LHV is generally considered a more accurate representation of the actual efficiency of a wood stove.

Key Terminology: Green Wood vs. Seasoned Wood

Green Wood: Wood that has been freshly cut and still contains a high moisture content (often above 50%). Green wood is difficult to burn, produces a lot of smoke, and releases less heat.
Seasoned Wood: Wood that has been dried for a sufficient period of time to reduce its moisture content to an acceptable level (typically below 20%). Seasoned wood burns easily, produces less smoke, and releases more heat.

Preparing Firewood: From Tree to Stove

The performance of any wood stove, including the JA Roby Ultimate, is heavily dependent on the quality of the firewood used. Properly preparing firewood is essential for efficient burning, reduced emissions, and optimal heating. I remember one winter when I was too eager to burn some freshly cut maple. The stove sputtered, the glass blackened with creosote, and I spent more time tending the fire than enjoying the warmth. That experience taught me the invaluable lesson of proper firewood preparation.

Step 1: Selecting the Right Wood

Hardwoods vs. Softwoods: Hardwoods are denser and contain more energy per volume than softwoods. They burn longer and produce more heat. Softwoods burn faster and are better for kindling.
Common Firewood Species: Oak, maple, ash, beech, birch, cherry, and hickory are excellent choices for firewood. Pine, fir, spruce, and poplar are less desirable but can be used if properly seasoned.
Considerations: Availability, cost, and ease of splitting are also important factors to consider when selecting firewood.

Step 2: Felling the Tree (If Applicable)

Safety First: Felling trees is a dangerous activity that should only be undertaken by experienced individuals with the proper equipment and training.
Tools: Chainsaw (I recommend a Stihl MS 261 or Husqvarna 555 for general use), wedges, felling axe, measuring tape, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Techniques:
- Assess the Tree: Identify any hazards, such as dead branches, power lines, or other trees that could be affected.
- Plan the Fall: Determine the direction the tree will fall and clear a path for escape.
- Make the Notch: Cut a notch on the side of the tree facing the desired direction of fall. The notch should be about 1/3 of the tree’s diameter.
- Make the Back Cut: Cut the back cut from the opposite side of the tree, slightly above the notch. Leave a hinge of wood to control the fall.
- Use Wedges: If necessary, drive wedges into the back cut to help push the tree over.
- Escape: Once the tree starts to fall, move quickly away from the base of the tree at a 45-degree angle.

Step 3: Bucking the Logs

Bucking: Cutting the felled tree into manageable log lengths for splitting.
Tools: Chainsaw, measuring tape, and a sawbuck (a frame for holding logs while cutting).
Log Length: Determine the appropriate log length for your wood stove. The JA Roby Ultimate, with its large firebox, can accommodate longer logs, but it’s still important to cut them to a manageable size. A good rule of thumb is to cut logs 2-3 inches shorter than the firebox depth.
Techniques:
- Measure and Mark: Measure and mark the desired log lengths on the tree trunk.
- Cut the Logs: Use the chainsaw to cut the logs to the marked lengths. Be careful to avoid pinching the saw blade.
- Use a Sawbuck: A sawbuck makes bucking logs much easier and safer.

Step 4: Splitting the Firewood

Splitting: Breaking the logs into smaller pieces for faster drying and easier burning.
Tools: Axe (a splitting maul is ideal for larger logs), sledgehammer and wedges, or a log splitter (hydraulic or manual).
Techniques:
- Axe Splitting: Place the log on a solid surface, such as a splitting stump. Position your feet shoulder-width apart and swing the axe with a controlled motion. Aim for the center of the log or any existing cracks.
- Wedge Splitting: Drive a wedge into the log using a sledgehammer. This is useful for splitting particularly tough or knotty logs.
- Log Splitter: A log splitter is the most efficient way to split firewood, especially for large quantities. Hydraulic splitters are powered by a motor and can split logs with ease. Manual splitters require more physical effort but are a more affordable option. I’ve used both, and while the manual splitter gave me a good workout, the hydraulic version saved me countless hours.
Log Splitter Safety:
- Always wear safety glasses and gloves when operating a log splitter.
- Keep your hands and feet clear of the splitting area.
- Do not attempt to split logs that are too large or knotty for the splitter.
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.

Step 5: Stacking and Seasoning the Firewood

Seasoning: Drying the firewood to reduce its moisture content. This is crucial for efficient burning and reduced emissions.
Stacking: Stacking the firewood in a way that promotes air circulation.
Techniques:
- Choose a Sunny and Windy Location: This will help the wood dry faster.
- Elevate the Wood: Stack the wood on pallets or other supports to keep it off the ground and improve air circulation.
- Stack Loosely: Leave space between the logs to allow air to circulate.
- Cover the Top: Cover the top of the woodpile with a tarp or other waterproof material to protect it from rain and snow. Leave the sides open to allow for air circulation.
- Stacking Methods: There are various stacking methods, including the traditional row stack, the circular stack (holzhaufen), and the crisscross stack. The key is to ensure good air circulation.
Drying Time: The drying time for firewood depends on the species of wood, the climate, and the stacking method. Generally, hardwoods require at least 6-12 months of seasoning, while softwoods can be seasoned in 3-6 months.
Measuring Moisture Content: A wood moisture meter can be used to accurately measure the moisture content of firewood. The ideal moisture content for burning is below 20%.

Case Study: Optimizing Firewood Seasoning in a Humid Climate

I once worked on a project in a region with high humidity, where seasoning firewood proved to be a significant challenge. Traditional stacking methods resulted in wood that took over a year to dry properly. To address this, we implemented a modified stacking technique that incorporated the following:

Elevated Platforms: We constructed elevated platforms using recycled pallets to raise the woodpile significantly off the ground, improving air circulation from below.
Strategic Spacing: We increased the spacing between individual logs to allow for greater airflow around each piece of wood.
Solar Kiln Effect: We oriented the woodpile to maximize sun exposure and created a “solar kiln” effect by covering the entire pile with clear plastic sheeting during the driest months. This trapped heat and accelerated the drying process.
Chimney Effect: By creating a central “chimney” within the stack using vertical posts, we promoted upward airflow, further enhancing drying.

These techniques reduced the seasoning time by approximately 30%, resulting in drier, more efficient firewood in a shorter period.

JA Roby Ultimate Wood Stove Review: A Deep Dive

Now that we’ve covered the fundamentals of wood stoves and firewood preparation, let’s focus on the JA Roby Ultimate, with its impressive 4.7 cu ft firebox. This section will provide a detailed review of the stove’s features, performance, and overall value.

Key Features of the JA Roby Ultimate

Large Firebox: The 4.7 cu ft firebox is a standout feature, allowing for longer burn times and the ability to heat a larger area.
EPA Certified: The stove meets the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) emissions standards, ensuring clean burning and reduced environmental impact.
Cast Iron Construction: Cast iron provides excellent heat retention and durability.
Air Wash System: An air wash system helps keep the glass door clean, providing a clear view of the fire.
Blower (Optional): An optional blower can be added to increase heat circulation.
Top or Rear Flue Outlet: Offers flexibility in installation.

Performance Analysis

Heating Capacity: The JA Roby Ultimate is designed to heat a large area, typically up to 2,500 square feet.
Burn Time: The large firebox allows for extended burn times, potentially up to 12 hours or more on a single load of wood.
Efficiency: The stove’s EPA certification indicates a high level of efficiency, typically around 75-80%.
Emissions: The EPA certification also ensures low emissions, typically below 4 grams per hour.

Pros and Cons

Pros:

Large Heating Capacity: Ideal for heating large homes or open spaces.
Long Burn Times: Reduces the frequency of wood loading.
EPA Certified: Environmentally friendly and eligible for tax credits in some areas.
Durable Construction: Cast iron construction ensures long-lasting performance.
Air Wash System: Keeps the glass door clean for optimal fire viewing.

Cons:

High Initial Cost: Cast iron stoves tend to be more expensive than steel stoves.
Heavy Weight: Cast iron stoves are heavy and require a strong foundation.
Slow to Heat Up: Cast iron takes longer to heat up than steel.

Installation Considerations

Clearances: Ensure that the stove is installed with the proper clearances from combustible materials, as specified by the manufacturer and local building codes.
Chimney: The chimney must be in good condition and of the correct diameter and height for the stove. A professional chimney inspection is recommended before installing any wood stove.
Hearth Pad: A non-combustible hearth pad is required to protect the floor from heat and embers.
Professional Installation: It is highly recommended to have the stove professionally installed to ensure proper venting and safety.

Maintenance and Care

Ash Removal: Remove ash regularly to maintain proper airflow and prevent ash buildup.
Chimney Cleaning: Have the chimney professionally cleaned at least once a year to remove creosote buildup. Creosote is a flammable substance that can cause chimney fires.
Gasket Inspection: Inspect the door gasket regularly and replace it if it is damaged or worn.
Surface Cleaning: Clean the stove’s surface with a damp cloth to remove dust and dirt.
Touch-Up Paint: Use touch-up paint to repair any scratches or chips in the stove’s finish.

User Reviews and Feedback

Online Forums: Check online forums and review websites for user reviews and feedback on the JA Roby Ultimate.
Customer Testimonials: Look for customer testimonials on the manufacturer’s website or at authorized dealers.
Common Complaints: Be aware of any common complaints or issues that users have reported.

Comparing the JA Roby Ultimate to Competitors

Other Large Firebox Stoves: Compare the JA Roby Ultimate to other wood stoves with similar firebox sizes, such as the Blaze King Princess and the Lopi Liberty.
Price Comparison: Compare the price of the JA Roby Ultimate to other stoves in its class.
Feature Comparison: Compare the features of the JA Roby Ultimate to other stoves, such as efficiency, emissions, burn time, and warranty.

Case Study: Heating a Large Workshop with the JA Roby Ultimate

A friend of mine, a skilled woodworker with a sprawling workshop, was struggling to heat his space efficiently during the winter months. He had previously relied on propane heaters, which were expensive and created a stuffy atmosphere. After researching various options, he decided to install a JA Roby Ultimate wood stove.

Installation: He hired a professional installer to ensure proper venting and compliance with building codes.
Fuel Source: He sourced seasoned oak and maple from a local supplier.
Performance: The JA Roby Ultimate proved to be a game-changer. The large firebox allowed him to load the stove with enough wood to last through the night, providing consistent heat throughout the workshop.
Cost Savings: He significantly reduced his heating costs compared to using propane heaters.
Improved Comfort: The wood stove provided a more comfortable and natural heat compared to the dry heat of the propane heaters.
Challenges: The initial learning curve involved mastering the air controls to achieve optimal burn efficiency and minimize smoke.

This case study demonstrates the potential benefits of using the JA Roby Ultimate to heat a large space efficiently and cost-effectively.

Advanced Techniques for Wood Stove Operation and Efficiency

Beyond the basics, there are several advanced techniques that can further enhance wood stove performance and efficiency. These techniques require a deeper understanding of combustion principles and a willingness to experiment.

Top-Down Burning (Inverted Fire)

Concept: Instead of lighting the fire from the bottom, top-down burning involves placing larger logs at the bottom of the firebox and smaller kindling on top. The fire is then lit from the top, and it burns slowly downwards.
Benefits: Top-down burning produces less smoke, burns more efficiently, and provides a longer, more consistent burn.
Technique:
- Place several large logs at the bottom of the firebox.
- Add a layer of smaller kindling on top of the logs.
- Place a few pieces of tinder (e.g., newspaper, dry leaves) on top of the kindling.
- Light the tinder.
- Adjust the air controls to allow for sufficient airflow.

Managing Airflow for Optimal Combustion

Primary Air: Controls the amount of air entering the firebox from below. This air is primarily used for starting the fire and burning wood quickly.
Secondary Air: Controls the amount of air entering the firebox from above. This air is used to burn off exhaust gases and improve combustion efficiency.
Techniques:
- Starting the Fire: Open the primary air control fully to provide plenty of air for ignition.
- Sustaining the Fire: Once the fire is established, gradually close the primary air control and open the secondary air control.
- Monitoring the Smoke: Observe the smoke coming from the chimney. If the smoke is thick and black, the fire is not burning efficiently and needs more air. If the smoke is thin and wispy, the fire is burning efficiently.
- Adjusting for Wood Type: Different wood types require different airflow settings. Hardwoods generally require less air than softwoods.

Heat Distribution Strategies

Fans and Blowers: Use fans or blowers to circulate warm air throughout the room. The JA Roby Ultimate offers an optional blower that can significantly improve heat distribution.
Open Floor Plan: An open floor plan allows for better heat circulation.
Strategic Placement: Place the wood stove in a central location in the room.
Heat-Absorbing Materials: Use heat-absorbing materials, such as stone or brick, near the wood stove to radiate heat more evenly.

Creosote Management

What is Creosote? Creosote is a flammable substance that forms when wood smoke condenses in the chimney.
Prevention:
- Burn dry, seasoned wood.
- Maintain a hot fire.
- Ensure proper airflow.
- Have the chimney professionally cleaned at least once a year.
Removal:
- Professional Chimney Cleaning: A professional chimney sweep has the tools and expertise to safely and effectively remove creosote from the chimney.
- Creosote Removal Products: There are creosote removal products available that can help to break down creosote buildup.

Wood Storage Best Practices

Covered Storage: Store firewood under a roof or tarp to protect it from rain and snow.
Elevated Storage: Elevate the woodpile off the ground to improve air circulation.
Air Circulation: Ensure good air circulation around the woodpile.
Pest Control: Protect firewood from pests, such as termites and rodents.

Safety Considerations

Safety is paramount when operating a wood stove. Following safety guidelines can prevent accidents and ensure a safe and enjoyable heating experience.

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detectors

Importance: Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and deadly gas produced by incomplete combustion.
Installation: Install CO detectors on every level of the home, especially near sleeping areas.
Maintenance: Test CO detectors regularly and replace the batteries as needed.

Smoke Detectors

Importance: Smoke detectors provide early warning of a fire.
Installation: Install smoke detectors on every level of the home, especially near sleeping areas.
Maintenance: Test smoke detectors regularly and replace the batteries as needed.

Fire Extinguishers

Importance: Fire extinguishers can be used to put out small fires.
Placement: Keep a fire extinguisher near the wood stove.
Type: Use a Class A fire extinguisher for wood fires.
Training: Learn how to use a fire extinguisher properly.

Child and Pet Safety

Supervision: Supervise children and pets around the wood stove.
Barriers: Use barriers to prevent children and pets from getting too close to the stove.
Hot Surfaces: Be aware of hot surfaces on the stove and chimney.

Proper Clothing

Avoid Loose Clothing: Avoid wearing loose clothing around the wood stove.
Wear Gloves: Wear gloves when handling firewood.
Wear Eye Protection: Wear eye protection when splitting firewood.

Emergency Procedures

Fire Emergency: In the event of a fire, evacuate the building immediately and call 911.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: If you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, evacuate the building immediately and call 911.

Conclusion: Is the JA Roby Ultimate Right for You?

The JA Roby Ultimate, with its massive 4.7 cu ft firebox, is a powerful and efficient wood stove that is well-suited for heating large homes or open spaces. Its EPA certification ensures clean burning and reduced environmental impact, while its cast iron construction provides excellent heat retention and durability.

However, the JA Roby Ultimate is not without its drawbacks. Its high initial cost and heavy weight may be deterrents for some buyers. Additionally, cast iron stoves take longer to heat up than steel stoves.

Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to purchase the JA Roby Ultimate depends on individual needs and preferences. If you are looking for a high-capacity, long-burning, and environmentally friendly wood stove, the JA Roby Ultimate is definitely worth considering. However, if you are on a tight budget or need a stove that heats up quickly, there may be better options available.

Practical Next Steps

Assess Your Heating Needs: Determine the size of the area you need to heat and the amount of time you will be using the wood stove.
Research Local Building Codes: Check with your local building department to ensure that the wood stove meets all applicable codes and regulations.
Consult with a Professional Installer: A professional installer can help you choose the right wood stove for your needs and ensure that it is installed properly.
Prepare Your Firewood Supply: Start seasoning your firewood well in advance of the heating season.
Practice Safe Wood Stove Operation: Follow all safety guidelines to prevent accidents and ensure a safe and enjoyable heating experience.

By following these steps, you can make an informed decision about whether or not the JA Roby Ultimate is the right wood stove for you and ensure that you are prepared to operate it safely and efficiently. The journey from tree to stove is a rewarding one, connecting you to the natural world and providing warmth and comfort throughout the long winter months.